基于资源编排一键交付应用-阿里云开发者社区

资源编排可通过资源编排模板定义您需要创建的阿里云资源的组合，并依据您的配置来完成对资源的配置和一键销毁，快速方便的构建您的应用。本文将引导您如何基于资源编排服务快速构建一个应用。
首先引入三个概念：Meta-Data、Cloud-Init 和 User-Data。

Meta-Data
Meta-Data 主要包括虚拟机自身的一些常用属性，如 hostname、网络配置信息、资源 InstanceId 等，其主要的形式为键值对。可以通过访问下面的地址查询 Meta-Data 信息
curl http://100.100.100.200/latest/meta-data
Cloud-Init
Cloud-Init 是一个在云主机启动时操作和定制云主机环境的包。它可以在云主机启动时实现如设置主机的语言环境，设置主机 Hostname，配置网络，下载一些包并进行安装等功能，免去了用户自己手动设置的麻烦。Cloud-Init 实现这些功能的基础是 User-Data。
User-Data
User-Data 是实现云主机个性化定制的基础，用户通过 User-Data 设置一些定制化数据，如启动某项服务，下载一些包并设置这些包的安装脚本等，Cloud-Init 在云主机启动时加载并执行这些数据，从而完成对云主机的个性化定制。更多的详情可参考Cloud-Init文档。对于创建云主机的时候设置过 User-Data 的 Instance，可以通过访问下面的地址查询 User-Data 信息

curl http://100.100.100.200/latest/user-data

本文正是利用了 Cloud-Init 的实现方式，结合资源编排，将构建应用的脚本写入到 User-Data 中，从而实现对应用的一键构建。
基于资源编排一键构建应用的大致步骤如下：

熟悉在云服务器上搭建应用的流程，并编写出该流程对应的 Shell 脚本
定义资源编排基础模板，用于搭建应用运行的基础服务
将已编写好的搭建应用的 Shell 脚本添加到基础模板的资源类型ALIYUN::ECS::Instance的 UserData 属性中
完成模板的创建，输入定义的参数，完成基于资源编排的应用构建

目前云资源构建的网络类型只支持 VPC，可选区域仅支持华南1、华北2和华东2，即RegionId只支持cn-shenzhen、cn-beijing和cn-shanghai。其它的 Region 和网络类型，我们也会尽快的上线。
为了便于说明，本文将以在 Centos 6上构建 WordPress 作为构建应用的示例。

编写构建WordPress的运行脚本

搭建 WordPress，首先需要安装 WordPress 所依赖的基础服务：Apache、MySQL 以及 PHP，然后下载最新版本的 WordPress 包并进行安装，最后根据 WordPress的搭建需求，对基础依赖服务进行相应的配置。
以下是在 Centos 6上搭建 WordPress 的详细 Shell 脚本：

#!/bin/bash

DatabaseUser='root'
DatabasePwd='rootadmin'
DatabaseName='wordpress'
WebRootPath='/var/www/html'
ApacheIndex='Options Indexes FollowSymLinks'
ApacheIndexReplace='Options -Indexes FollowSymLinks'

# 安装Wordpress所依赖的服务
yum install -y curl httpd mysql-server php php-common php-mysql
yum install -y php-gd php-imap php-ldap php-odbc php-pear php-xml php-xmlrpc

# 设置apache和mysql服务为开机自启动
chkconfig httpd on
chkconfig mysqld on

# 下载Wordpress最新安装包，并配置其对数据库的访问
wget http://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz
tar -xzvf latest.tar.gz
sed -i "s/database_name_here/$DatabaseName/" wordpress/wp-config-sample.php
sed -i "s/username_here/$DatabaseUser/" wordpress/wp-config-sample.php
sed -i "s/password_here/${DatabasePwd:-$DatabasePwdDef}/" wordpress/wp-config-sample.php

# 设置WordPress安装位置
mv wordpress/wp-config-sample.php wordpress/wp-config.php
cp -a wordpress/ $WebRootPath
rm -rf wordpress* latest.tar.gz

# 将Wordpress目录及其里面文件的所有者和所有组更改为 apache 用户和 apache 组
service httpd stop
usermod -d $WebRootPath apache
chown apache:apache -R $WebRootPath

# 为了安全起见，关闭目录浏览功能
sed -i "s/$ApacheIndex/$ApacheIndexReplace/" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
service httpd start

# 新建wordpress数据库，新增mysql用户，并赋权给它对应为 wordpress 数据库全部权限
service mysqld start
chmod 400 /etc/my.cnf
mysql -u root << EOF
CREATE DATABASE $DatabaseName default charset utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
CREATE USER $DatabaseUser IDENTIFIED by '$DababasePwd';
grant all on $DatabaseName.* to $DatabaseUser@localhost identified by '$DatabasePwd'；
EOF

定义构建WordPress的ROS模板

定义一个资源编排模板，并基于该模板构建 WordPress 应用。

创建一个ECS资源模版

首先我们创建一个 ECS 资源模板。在模板中定义我们需要创建的资源：

ALIYUN::ECS::EIPAssociation
- 绑定一个公网 IP
ALIYUN::ECS::EIP
- 申请一个弹性公网 IP
ALIYUN::ECS::SecurityGroup
- 创建一个安全组
ALIYUN::ECS::SecurityGroupIngress
- 创建安全组 In 方向的访问规则，出于安全考虑，该安全组只开放80端口
ALIYUN::ECS::Instance
- 创建一个 ECS 实例

值得注意的是，目前云资源的构建只支持 VPC 环境，所以在模板中您可以直接使用已有 VPC 环境或者构建新的 VPC 环境。新建 VPC 环境时，模板中应该增加对如下资源类型的定义：

ALIYUN::ECS::VPC
- 新建专有网络
ALIYUN::ECS::VSwitch
- 新建交换机

更多有关构建 VPC 的信息可参考通过资源编排创建一个完整的VPC网络。

添加构建WordPress的脚本

将已编写好的构建 WordPress 的运行脚本加入到资源类型ALIYUN::ECS::Instance的 UserData 属性中，以完成对构建 WordPress 模板的创建。
为了安全和方便起见，将数据库的名称、用户名及其密码作为输入参数。
以下是利用已有 VPC 环境构建 WordPress 的模板：

{
  "ROSTemplateFormatVersion": "2015-09-01",
  "Parameters": {
      "DBName": {
      "AllowedPattern": "[a-z]{1}[a-z0-9-_]*[a-z0-9]{1}",
      "ConstraintDescription": "由 2~64 个字符的小写字母、数字、下划线或中划线组成，开头需为字母，结尾需为字母或数字。",
      "Default": "wordpress",
      "Description": "WordPress的数据库名称",
      "MaxLength": "64",
      "MinLength": "2",
      "Type": "String"
    },
    "DBPassword": {
      "AllowedPattern": "[a-zA-Z0-9-_]*",
      "ConstraintDescription": "由 6~32 个字符的字母、数字、中划线或下划线组成。",
      "Default": "wpADMIN123",
      "Description": "WordPress数据库密码",
      "MaxLength": "41",
      "MinLength": "8",
      "Type": "String"
    },
    "DBUser": {
      "AllowedPattern": "[a-z]{1}[a-z0-9_]*[a-z0-9]{1}",
      "ConstraintDescription": "由 2~16 个字符的小写字母，数字或下划线组成、开头需为字母，结尾需为字母或数字。",      
      "Default": "wpuser",
      "Description": "WordPress数据库用户名",
      "MaxLength": "16",
      "MinLength": "2",
      "Type": "String"
    },
    "InstancePassword": {
      "AllowedPattern": "[a-zA-Z0-9]*",
      "ConstraintDescription": "可包含大小写字母，数字和特殊字符",
      "Default": "vmADMIN123",
      "Description": "ECS实例的登录密码",
      "MaxLength": "41",
      "MinLength": "8",
      "Type": "String"
    },
    "SecurityGroupName": {
      "Description": "安全组名称",
      "Type": "String"
    },
    "VSwitchId": {
      "Description": "已创建的VSwitch的ID",
      "Type": "String"
    },
    "VpcId": {
      "Description": "已创建的vpc的ID",
      "Type": "String"
    },
    "ZoneId": {
      "Default": "cn-shenzhen-a",
      "Description": "可用区 Id",
      "Type": "String"
    }
  },
  "Resources": {
    "EIPBind": {
      "Properties": {
        "AllocationId": {
          "Ref": "NewEip"
        },
        "InstanceId": {
          "Ref": "WebServer"
        }
      },
      "Type": "ALIYUN::ECS::EIPAssociation"
    },
    "NewEip": {
      "Properties": {
        "Bandwidth": 1,
        "InternetChargeType": "PayByTraffic"
      },
      "Type": "ALIYUN::ECS::EIP"
    },
    "SecurityGroup": {
      "Properties": {
        "SecurityGroupName": {
          "Ref": "SecurityGroupName"
        },
        "VpcId": {
          "Ref": "VpcId"
        }
      },
      "Type": "ALIYUN::ECS::SecurityGroup"
    },
    "SecurityGroupIngress": {
      "Properties": {
        "IpProtocol": "tcp",
        "PortRange": "80/80",
        "SecurityGroupId": {
          "Ref": "SecurityGroup"
        },
        "SourceCidrIp": "0.0.0.0/0"
      },
      "Type": "ALIYUN::ECS::SecurityGroupIngress"
    },
    "WebServer": {
      "Properties": {
        "ImageId": "centos6u5_64_40G_cloudinit_20160427.raw",
        "InstanceType": "ecs.s2.large",
        "IoOptimized": "optimized",
        "Password": {
          "Ref": "InstancePassword"
        },
        "SecurityGroupId": {
          "Ref": "SecurityGroup"
        },
        "SystemDiskCategory": "cloud_ssd",
        "UserData": {
          "Fn::Replace": [
            {
              "print": "echo"
            },
            {
              "Fn::Join": [
                "",
                [
                  "#!/bin/sh",
                  "\n",
                  "DatabaseUser=",
                  {
                    "Ref": "DBUser"
                  },
                  "\n",
                  "DatabasePwd=",
                  {
                    "Ref": "DBPassword"
                  },
                  "\n",
                  "DatabaseName=",
                  {
                    "Ref": "DBName"
                  },
                  "\n",
                  "WebRootPath='/var/www/html'\n",
                  "ApacheIndex='Options Indexes FollowSymLinks'\n",
                  "ApacheIndexReplace='Options -Indexes FollowSymLinks'\n",
                  "yum install -y curl httpd mysql-server php php-common php-mysql\n",
                  "yum install -y php-gd php-imap php-ldap php-odbc php-pear php-xml php-xmlrpc\n",
                  "chkconfig httpd on\n",
                  "chkconfig mysqld on \n",
                  "wget http://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz\n",
                  "tar -xzvf latest.tar.gz\n",
                  "sed -i \"s/database_name_here/$DatabaseName/\" wordpress/wp-config-sample.php\n",
                  "sed -i \"s/username_here/$DatabaseUser/\" wordpress/wp-config-sample.php\n",
                  "sed -i \"s/password_here/${DatabasePwd:-$DatabasePwdDef}/\" wordpress/wp-config-sample.php\n",
                  "mv wordpress/wp-config-sample.php wordpress/wp-config.php\n",
                  "cp -a wordpress/* $WebRootPath\n",
                  "rm -rf wordpress*\n",
                  "service httpd stop\n",
                  "usermod -d $WebRootPath apache &>/dev/null\n",
                  "chown apache:apache -R $WebRootPath\n",
                  "sed -i \"s/$ApacheIndex/$ApacheIndexReplace/\" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf\n",
                  "service httpd start\n",
                  "service mysqld start\n",
                  "chmod 400 /etc/my.cnf\n",
                  "mysql -u root << EOF \n",
                  "CREATE DATABASE $DatabaseName default charset utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;\n",
                  "CREATE USER $DatabaseUser IDENTIFIED by '$DababasePwd';\n",
                  "grant all on $DatabaseName.* to $DatabaseUser@localhost identified by '$DatabasePwd';\n",
                  "EOF\n"
                ]
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        "VSwitchId": {
          "Ref": "VSwitchId"
        },
        "VpcId": {
          "Ref": "VpcId"
        }
      },
      "Type": "ALIYUN::ECS::Instance"
    }
  },
  "Outputs": {
    "InstanceId": {
      "Value": {
        "Fn::GetAtt": [
          "WebServer",
          "InstanceId"
        ]
      }
    },
    "PublicIp": {
      "Value": {
        "Fn::GetAtt": [
          "WebServer",
          "PublicIp"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}

您也可以通过新建一个 VPC 环境来构建 WordPress：

{
  "ROSTemplateFormatVersion": "2015-09-01",
  "Parameters": {
      "DBName": {
      "AllowedPattern": "[a-z]{1}[a-z0-9-_]*[a-z0-9]{1}",
      "ConstraintDescription": "由 2~64 个字符的小写字母、数字、下划线或中划线组成，开头需为字母，结尾需为字母或数字。",
      "Default": "wordpress",
      "Description": "WordPress的数据库名称",
      "MaxLength": "64",
      "MinLength": "2",
      "Type": "String"
    },
    "DBPassword": {
      "AllowedPattern": "[a-zA-Z0-9-_]*",
      "ConstraintDescription": "由 6~32 个字符的字母、数字、中划线或下划线组成。",
      "Default": "wpADMIN123",
      "Description": "WordPress数据库密码",
      "MaxLength": "41",
      "MinLength": "8",
      "Type": "String"
    },
    "DBUser": {
      "AllowedPattern": "[a-z]{1}[a-z0-9_]*[a-z0-9]{1}",
      "ConstraintDescription": "由 2~16 个字符的小写字母，数字或下划线组成、开头需为字母，结尾需为字母或数字。",      
      "Default": "wpuser",
      "Description": "WordPress数据库用户名",
      "MaxLength": "16",
      "MinLength": "2",
      "Type": "String"
    },
    "InstancePassword": {
      "AllowedPattern": "[a-zA-Z0-9]*",
      "ConstraintDescription": "可包含大小写字母，数字和特殊字符",
      "Default": "vmADMIN123",
      "Description": "ECS实例的登录密码",
      "MaxLength": "41",
      "MinLength": "8",
      "Type": "String"
    },
    "SecurityGroupName": {
      "Description": "安全组名称",
      "Type": "String"
    },
    "ZoneId": {
      "Default": "cn-shenzhen-a",
      "Description": "可用区 Id",
      "Type": "String"
    },
    "VpcName": {
      "ConstraintDescription": "[2, 128] 英文或中文字符",
      "Description": "VPC 名称",
      "MaxLength": 128,
      "MinLength": 2,
      "Type": "String"
    },
    "SwitchCidrBlock": {
      "Default": "192.168.0.0/18",
      "Description": "VSwitch网段，可选值 192.168.0.0/16和172.16.0.0/12及它们包含的子网",
      "Type": "String"
    },
    "VpcCidrBlock": {
      "Default": "192.168.0.0/16",
      "Description": "vpc网段，可选值 192.168.0.0/16和172.16.0.0/12及它们包含的子网",
      "Type": "String"
    }
  },
  "Resources": {
    "EIPBind": {
      "Properties": {
        "AllocationId": {
          "Ref": "NewEip"
        },
        "InstanceId": {
          "Ref": "WebServer"
        }
      },
      "Type": "ALIYUN::ECS::EIPAssociation"
    },
    "NewEip": {
      "Properties": {
        "Bandwidth": 1,
        "InternetChargeType": "PayByTraffic"
      },
      "Type": "ALIYUN::ECS::EIP"
    },
    "SecurityGroup": {
      "Properties": {
        "SecurityGroupName": {
          "Ref": "SecurityGroupName"
        },
        "VpcId": {
          "Ref": "Vpc"
        }
      },
      "Type": "ALIYUN::ECS::SecurityGroup"
    },
    "SecurityGroupIngress": {
      "Properties": {
        "IpProtocol": "tcp",
        "PortRange": "80/80",
        "SecurityGroupId": {
          "Ref": "SecurityGroup"
        },
        "SourceCidrIp": "0.0.0.0/0"
      },
      "Type": "ALIYUN::ECS::SecurityGroupIngress"
    },
    "VSwitch": {
      "Properties": {
        "CidrBlock": {
          "Ref": "SwitchCidrBlock"
        },
        "VpcId": {
          "Fn::GetAtt": [
            "Vpc",
            "VpcId"
          ]
        },
        "ZoneId": {
          "Ref": "ZoneId"
        }
      },
      "Type": "ALIYUN::ECS::VSwitch"
    },
    "Vpc": {
      "Properties": {
        "CidrBlock": {
          "Ref": "VpcCidrBlock"
        },
        "VpcName": {
          "Ref": "VpcName"
        }
      },
      "Type": "ALIYUN::ECS::VPC"
    },        
    "WebServer": {
      "Properties": {
        "ImageId": "centos6u5_64_40G_cloudinit_20160427.raw",
        "InstanceType": "ecs.s2.large",
        "IoOptimized": "optimized",
        "Password": {
          "Ref": "InstancePassword"
        },
        "SecurityGroupId": {
          "Ref": "SecurityGroup"
        },
        "SystemDiskCategory": "cloud_ssd",
        "UserData": {
          "Fn::Replace": [
            {
              "print": "echo"
            },
            {
              "Fn::Join": [
                "",
                [
                  "#!/bin/sh",
                  "\n",
                  "DatabaseUser=",
                  {
                    "Ref": "DBUser"
                  },
                  "\n",
                  "DatabasePwd=",
                  {
                    "Ref": "DBPassword"
                  },
                  "\n",
                  "DatabaseName=",
                  {
                    "Ref": "DBName"
                  },
                  "\n",
                  "WebRootPath='/var/www/html'\n",
                  "ApacheIndex='Options Indexes FollowSymLinks'\n",
                  "ApacheIndexReplace='Options -Indexes FollowSymLinks'\n",
                  "yum install -y curl httpd mysql-server php php-common php-mysql\n",
                  "yum install -y php-gd php-imap php-ldap php-odbc php-pear php-xml php-xmlrpc\n",
                  "chkconfig httpd on\n",
                  "chkconfig mysqld on \n",
                  "wget http://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz\n",
                  "tar -xzvf latest.tar.gz\n",
                  "sed -i \"s/database_name_here/$DatabaseName/\" wordpress/wp-config-sample.php\n",
                  "sed -i \"s/username_here/$DatabaseUser/\" wordpress/wp-config-sample.php\n",
                  "sed -i \"s/password_here/${DatabasePwd:-$DatabasePwdDef}/\" wordpress/wp-config-sample.php\n",
                  "mv wordpress/wp-config-sample.php wordpress/wp-config.php\n",
                  "cp -a wordpress/* $WebRootPath\n",
                  "rm -rf wordpress*\n",
                  "service httpd stop\n",
                  "usermod -d $WebRootPath apache &>/dev/null\n",
                  "chown apache:apache -R $WebRootPath\n",
                  "sed -i \"s/$ApacheIndex/$ApacheIndexReplace/\" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf\n",
                  "service httpd start\n",
                  "service mysqld start\n",
                  "mysqladmin -u $DatabaseRoot -p password $RootPwd &>/dev/null\n",
                  "chmod 400 /etc/my.cnf\n",
                  "mysql -u root << EOF \n",
                  "CREATE DATABASE $DatabaseName default charset utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;\n",
                  "CREATE USER $DatabaseUser IDENTIFIED by '$DababasePwd';\n",
                  "grant all on $DatabaseName.* to $DatabaseUser@localhost identified by '$DatabasePwd';\n",
                  "EOF\n"
                ]
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        "VSwitchId": {
          "Ref": "VSwitch"
        },
        "VpcId": {
          "Ref": "Vpc"
        }
      },
      "Type": "ALIYUN::ECS::Instance"
    }
  },
  "Outputs": {
    "InstanceId": {
      "Value": {
        "Fn::GetAtt": [
          "WebServer",
          "InstanceId"
        ]
      }
    },
    "PublicIp": {
      "Value": {
        "Fn::GetAtt": [
          "WebServer",
          "PublicIp"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}

创建Stack资源

完成模板的创建后，根据 Stack 资源的创建步骤，输入必要的参数，点击创建按钮，即可完成资源的创建以及应用的构建。

访问WordPress

资源创建完成后，根据资源创建的输出结果，在浏览器中输入http://[PublicIP]/wp-admin/install.php即可访问搭建好的 WordPress 应用。在下一篇中我们将使用阿里云的 RDS 来替换 Mysql 来实现应用的交付。

基于资源编排一键交付应用

编写构建WordPress的运行脚本

定义构建WordPress的ROS模板

创建一个ECS资源模版

添加构建WordPress的脚本

创建Stack资源

访问WordPress

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