在使用 Elasticsearch 的时候,经常会涉及到要将其它数据源的数据导入到 Elasticsearch 中,今天就来介绍一下关于 Elasticsearch 从 MySQL 导入数据和增量索引的实现
这里要用到一个 Elasticsearch 的插件 elasticsearch-jdbc
需要的资源和版本
Elasticsearch 版本:2.2.0 CSDN下载
elasticsearch-jdbc 版本 : 2.2 CSDN下载
一、安装 jdbc
jdbc 的压缩包我已经放在了 /usr/local/src/ 目录下,可以去它的 GitHub地址 获取对应版本的压缩包
cd /usr/local/src/unzip ./elasticsearch-jdbc-2.2.0.0-dist.zip cp -r ./elasticsearch-jdbc-2.2.0.0 /usr/local/elasticsearch-2.2.0/jdbc2.2123123
这样就可以使用啦,jdbc 还提供了一些常用的例子,在 【ES安装目录/jdbc2.2/bin/ 】这个文件夹下,改一改就可以用,都是bash 文件,记得加运行权限哦
二、使用jdbc
我们先在 MySQL中创建一个用于测试的数据表 article ,并添加几条数据
(注意, update_time 字段我加了ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,数据发生改变就会更新此字段)
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `article`;CREATE TABLE `article` ( `id` mediumint(8) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `subject` varchar(150) NOT NULL, `author` varchar(15) DEFAULT NULL, `create_time` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL, `update_time` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=6 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;# 数据INSERT INTO `article` VALUES ('1', '"闺蜜"崔顺实被韩检方传唤 韩总统府促彻查真相', 'jam', '2016-10-31 17:49:21', '2016-10-31 17:50:21');INSERT INTO `article` VALUES ('2', '韩举行"护国训练" 青瓦台:决不许国家安全出问题', 'jam00', '2016-10-31 17:50:39', '2016-10-31 17:50:51');INSERT INTO `article` VALUES ('3', '媒体称FBI已经取得搜查令 检视希拉里电邮', 'tomi', '2016-10-31 17:51:03', '2016-10-31 17:51:08');INSERT INTO `article` VALUES ('4', '村上春树获安徒生奖 演讲中谈及欧洲排外问题', 'jason', '2016-10-31 17:51:38', '2016-10-31 17:51:41');INSERT INTO `article` VALUES ('5', '希拉里团队炮轰FBI 参院民主党领袖批其“违法”', 'tommy', '2016-10-31 17:52:07', '2016-10-31 17:52:09');123456789101112131415123456789101112131415
1、数据源导入
首先执行全部数据导入(注:ES 使用的是默认配置)
我们写一个名叫 mysql-article.sh 的bash脚本,并放在 /usr/local/elasticsearch-2.2.0/jdbc2.2/bin/mysql-article.sh 下面,脚本内容如下(内容注释会在后面给出)
#执行/usr/local/elasticsearch-2.2.0/jdbc2.2/bin/mysql-article.sh #文件内容如下#!/bin/shDIR="$( cd "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" && pwd )" bin=${DIR}/../bin lib=${DIR}/../lib echo ' { "type" : "jdbc", "jdbc" : { "url" : "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test", "user" : "root", "password" : "123456", "sql" : "select *, id as _id from article", "index" : "jdbctest", "type" : "article", "index_settings" : { "analysis" : { "analyzer" : { "ik" : { "tokenizer" : "ik" } } } }, "type_mapping": { "article" : { "properties" : { "id" : { "type" : "integer", "index" : "not_analyzed" }, "subject" : { "type" : "string", "analyzer" : "ik" }, "author" : { "type" : "string", "analyzer" : "ik" }, "create_time" : { "type" : "date" }, "update_time" : { "type" : "date" } } } } } } ' | java \ -cp "${lib}/*" \ -Dlog4j.configurationFile=${bin}/log4j2.xml \ org.xbib.tools.Runner \ org.xbib.tools.JDBCImporter1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556575812345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758
执行后会自动创建 jdbctest 索引(若不存在) ,article 类型 和几个对应的字段,这里因为有中文,我使用了 ik 分词器(如何使用?)
若执行失败,请查看日志文件,jdbc 的日志存放在 /usr/local/elasticsearch-2.2.0/logs/jdbc.log
查看是否导入成功
curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/jdbctest/article/_search?pretty'#返回{ "took" : 33, "timed_out" : false, "_shards" : { "total" : 5, "successful" : 5, "failed" : 0 }, "hits" : { "total" : 5, "max_score" : 1.0, "hits" : [ { "_index" : "jdbctest", "_type" : "article", "_id" : "5", "_score" : 1.0, "_source" : { "id" : 5, "subject" : "希拉里团队炮轰FBI 参院民主党领袖批其“违法”", "author" : "tommy", "create_time" : "2016-10-31T17:52:07.000+08:00", "update_time" : "2016-10-31T17:52:09.000+08:00" } }, { "_index" : "jdbctest", "_type" : "article", "_id" : "2", "_score" : 1.0, "_source" : { "id" : 2, "subject" : "韩举行"护国训练" 青瓦台:决不许国家安全出问题", "author" : "jam00", "create_time" : "2016-10-31T17:50:39.000+08:00", "update_time" : "2016-10-31T17:50:51.000+08:00" } }, { "_index" : "jdbctest", "_type" : "article", "_id" : "4", "_score" : 1.0, "_source" : { "id" : 4, "subject" : "村上春树获安徒生奖 演讲中谈及欧洲排外问题", "author" : "jason", "create_time" : "2016-10-31T17:51:38.000+08:00", "update_time" : "2016-10-31T17:51:41.000+08:00" } }, { "_index" : "jdbctest", "_type" : "article", "_id" : "1", "_score" : 1.0, "_source" : { "id" : 1, "subject" : ""闺蜜"崔顺实被韩检方传唤 韩总统府促彻查真相", "author" : "jam", "create_time" : "2016-10-31T17:49:21.000+08:00", "update_time" : "2016-10-31T17:50:21.000+08:00" } }, { "_index" : "jdbctest", "_type" : "article", "_id" : "3", "_score" : 1.0, "_source" : { "id" : 3, "subject" : "媒体称FBI已经取得搜查令 检视希拉里电邮", "author" : "tomi", "create_time" : "2016-10-31T17:51:03.000+08:00", "update_time" : "2016-10-31T17:51:08.000+08:00" } } ] } }1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556575859606162636465666768697071727374757612345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667686970717273747576
内容已成功导入到 Elasticsearch 中
2、增量索引、更新
如果我们对数据做了更改或是有新数据加入,若再执行全部导入,就有点得不偿失了
这里我们就要用到jdbc 的两个属性 statefile(状态文件) 和 schedule(计划任务时间),并且 sql 语句也要改成动态的
改动如下
"statefile" : "statefile-article.json","schedule" : "0 0-59 0-23 ? * *","sql" : [ { "statement" : "select *, id as _id from article where update_time > ?", "parameter" : [ "$metrics.lastexecutionstart" ] } ],1234567812345678
改动后的完整文件 mysql-article.sh
#!/bin/shDIR="$( cd "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" && pwd )" bin=${DIR}/../bin lib=${DIR}/../lib echo ' { "type" : "jdbc", "jdbc" : { "url" : "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test", "user" : "root", "password" : "123456", "statefile" : "statefile-article.json", "schedule" : "0 0-59 0-23 ? * *", "sql" : [ { "statement" : "select *, id as _id from article where update_time > ?", "parameter" : [ "$metrics.lastexecutionstart" ] } ], "index" : "jdbctest", "type" : "article", "index_settings" : { "analysis" : { "analyzer" : { "ik" : { "tokenizer" : "ik" } } } }, "type_mapping": { "article" : { "properties" : { "id" : { "type" : "integer", "index" : "not_analyzed" }, "subject" : { "type" : "string", "analyzer" : "ik" }, "author" : { "type" : "string", "analyzer" : "ik" }, "create_time" : { "type" : "date" }, "update_time" : { "type" : "date" } } } } } } ' | java \ -cp "${lib}/*" \ -Dlog4j.configurationFile=${bin}/log4j2.xml \ org.xbib.tools.Runner \ org.xbib.tools.JDBCImporter12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061621234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556575859606162
运行该文件 :/usr/local/elasticsearch-2.2.0/jdbc2.2/bin/mysql-article.sh
可以看到 命令行端 被占用,一直在运行,并且在 mysql-article.sh 的同级目录下生成了一个 statefile-article.json 的文件,sql 语句中需要的数据 lastexecutionstart 就保存在该文件中
现在我们来改动一下MySQL 中的数据,增加一条数据,并修改一条 id 等于 5 的数据
INSERT INTO article() VALUES(NULL,'测试JDBC','jam00','2016-11-01 13:34:15','2016-11-01 13:34:15');UPDATE article SET `subject`='测试JDBC-改动' WHERE id=5;1212
最多等一分钟,再看看ES 中的数据
curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/jdbctest/article/_search?pretty' -d '{ "sort": { "id": { "order": "desc" } } }'# 返回 ..."hits" : [ { "_index" : "jdbctest", "_type" : "article", "_id" : "6", "_score" : null, "_source" : { "id" : 6, "subject" : "测试JDBC", "author" : "jam00", "create_time" : "2016-11-01T13:34:15.000+08:00", "update_time" : "2016-11-01T13:34:15.000+08:00" }, "sort" : [ 6 ] }, { "_index" : "jdbctest", "_type" : "article", "_id" : "5", "_score" : null, "_source" : { "id" : 5, "subject" : "测试JDBC-改动", "author" : "tommy", "create_time" : "2016-10-31T17:52:07.000+08:00", "update_time" : "2016-11-01T13:35:41.000+08:00" }, "sort" : [ 5 ] }...12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334351234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435
测试成功。
为了让 mysql-article.sh 后台执行,我们可以使用 nohup 命令
nohup /usr/local/elasticsearch-2.2.0/jdbc2.2/bin/mysql-article.sh &11
当我们想停止执行的时候。
ps aux |grep jdbc2.2#返回root 26118 0.0 0.1 106092 1212 pts/0 S 14:03 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/elasticsearch-2.2.0/jdbc2.2/bin/mysql-article.sh root 26123 11.0 4.4 1079192 44932 pts/0 Sl 14:03 0:00 java -cp /usr/local/elasticsearch-2.2.0/jdbc2.2/bin/../lib/* -Dlog4j.configurationFile=/usr/local/elasticsearch-2.2.0/jdbc2.2/bin/../bin/log4j2.xml org.xbib.tools.Runner org.xbib.tools.JDBCImporter# 使用 kill 命令关闭进程, 26123 就是上面一句返回的进程号,不用杀掉 26118 ,杀掉26123 这个进程,26118 进程会自动关闭kill -9 26123 12345671234567
至此,MySQL 数据源的 增量索引和更新就完成了。
3、bash 文件释义
增量索引的bash文件注释如下,更多详细配置请查阅官方文档
#!/bin/sh# 当前脚本的绝对路径DIR="$( cd "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" && pwd )" bin=${DIR}/../bin lib=${DIR}/../lib echo ' { "type" : "jdbc", "jdbc" : { # 链接 mysql 的 test 数据库 "url" : "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test", # mysql 用户 "user" : "root", # mysql 密码 "password" : "123456", # 计划任务状态文件 "statefile" : "statefile-article.json", # 计划任务时间 这里是每分钟执行一次 "schedule" : "0 0-59 0-23 ? * *", # 执行导入的sql 语句 "sql" : [ { "statement" : "select *, id as _id from article where update_time > ?", "parameter" : [ "$metrics.lastexecutionstart" ] } ], # 索引名称 jdbctest "index" : "jdbctest", # 类型名称 article "type" : "article", # 类型设置 "index_settings" : { "analysis" : { "analyzer" : { "ik" : { # 涉及到中文使用ik 分词 "tokenizer" : "ik" } } } }, # 类型中的字段映射 "type_mapping": { # 类型名称 "article" : { "properties" : { # 对应的字段 "id" : { # 字段类型 "type" : "integer", # 当成一个准确的值进行索引(全匹配) "index" : "not_analyzed" }, "subject" : { "type" : "string", "analyzer" : "ik" }, "author" : { "type" : "string", "analyzer" : "ik" }, "create_time" : { "type" : "date" }, "update_time" : { "type" : "date" } } } } } } ' | java \ -cp "${lib}/*" \ -Dlog4j.configurationFile=${bin}/log4j2.xml \ org.xbib.tools.Runner \ org.xbib.tools.JDBCImporter123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778
这里选几个属性来介绍一下
url:数据库链接串,所以把这个链接串改成其它数据源,这个脚本也可以使用(前提是那个数据源中有对应的 article 表)
statefile :计划任务状态文件名称。它长这样:
{ "type" : "jdbc", "jdbc" : { "index_settings" : { "analysis" : { "analyzer" : { "ik" : { "tokenizer" : "ik" } } } }, "index" : "jdbctest", "schedule" : "0 0-59 0-23 ? * *", "sql" : [ { "statement" : "select *, id as _id from article where update_time > ?", "parameter" : [ "$metrics.lastexecutionstart" ] } ], "metrics" : { "lastexecutionend" : "2016-11-01T06:01:01.441Z", "lastexecutionstart" : "2016-11-01T06:01:01.125Z", "counter" : "23" }, "type" : "article", "statefile" : "statefile-article.json", "user" : "root", "password" : "123456", "url" : "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test", "type_mapping" : { "article" : { "properties" : { "create_time" : { "type" : "date" }, "id" : { "type" : "integer", "index" : "not_analyzed" }, "author" : { "type" : "string", "analyzer" : "ik" }, "update_time" : { "type" : "date" }, "subject" : { "type" : "string", "analyzer" : "ik" } } } } }}123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354
其实 jdbc 每次执行的就是这个文件,执行完成后就覆盖此文件,改变的只是 metrics 属性内的时间,而 lastexecutionstart 这个时间就是我们下面 sql 语句要用到的最后更新时间
schedule : 计划任务时间表。表示多久执行一次更新。下面有几个例子
0 0-59 0-23 ? * *:每分钟执行一次
0 0/5 0-23 ? * * :每五分钟执行一次;当分钟等于 0,5,10,15…55的时候执行
我还是贴一个官方的字段描述
字段名称 | 允许的值 | 允许的特殊字符 |
---|---|---|
Seconds | 0-59 | , - * / |
Minutes | 0-59 | , - * / |
Hours | 0-23 | , - * / |
Day-of-month | 1-31 | , - * ? / L W |
Month | 1-12 or JAN-DEC | , - * / |
Day-of-Week | 1-7 or SUN-SAT | , - * ? / L # |
Year (Optional) | empty, 1970-2199 | , - * / |
详细注释请点击查看
sql:支持两种方式,一种是直接写sql语句,一种是有条件的sql语句。一般我们会在sql语句中使用”field as _id “这样的方式来指定这条数据在ES 中的唯一标识(field字段为唯一标识)
parameter 属性中的可选的动态参数有
$now - the current timestamp $state - the state, one of: BEFORE_FETCH, FETCH, AFTER_FETCH, IDLE, EXCEPTION $metrics.counter - a counter $lastrowcount - number of rows from last statement $lastexceptiondate - SQL timestamp of last exception $lastexception - full stack trace of last exception $metrics.lastexecutionstart - SQL timestamp of the time when last execution started $metrics.lastexecutionend - SQL timestamp of the time when last execution ended $metrics.totalrows - total number of rows fetched $metrics.totalbytes - total number of bytes fetched $metrics.failed - total number of failed SQL executions $metrics.succeeded - total number of succeeded SQL executions123456789101112123456789101112
在上面例子中的 sql
select *, id as _id from article where update_time > ?
表示获取更新时间(update_time)大于 最后执行时间($metrics.lastexecutionstart)的所有数据
其它如 index、type_mapping 之类的属性就不一一介绍了,很容易理解
赶快动手试一下吧!
http://blog.csdn.net/jam00/article/details/52984382
本文转自 陈小龙哈 51CTO博客,原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/chenxiaolong/1895117