function [Best_vulture1_F,Best_vulture1_X]=sin_cos_bIAVOA(pop_size,max_iter,dim,fobj)

lower_bound=-6;upper_bound=6;
% initialize Best_vulture1, Best_vulture2
Best_vulture1_X=zeros(1,dim);
Best_vulture1_F=inf;
Best_vulture2_X=zeros(1,dim);
Best_vulture2_F=inf;
%Initialize the first random population of vultures
X=double(initialization(pop_size,dim,1,0)>0.5);
%%  Controlling parameter
p1=0.6;
p2=0.4;
p3=0.6;
alpha=0.8;
betha=0.2;
gamma=2.5;
%%Main loop
current_iter=0; % Loop counter
while current_iter < max_iter
    for i=1:size(X,1)
      
        S1=cos(X(i,:))/2+0.5;
        X1=rand(1,dim)<S1;
        ObjVal1=feval(fobj,X1);
        S2=sin(X(i,:))/2+0.5;
        X2=rand(1,dim)<S2;
        ObjVal2=feval(fobj,X2);
        XX=[X1;X2];
        
        fiti=[ObjVal1;ObjVal2];
        [~,ind]=min(fiti(:,1));
        X(i,:)=XX(ind,:);
        current_vulture_X = X(i,:);
        current_vulture_F=fiti(ind,:);
        fit(i,:)=fiti(ind,:);
        
        % Update the first best two vultures if needed and Calculate the fitness of the population
        if current_vulture_F(1)<Best_vulture1_F(1)
            Best_vulture1_F=current_vulture_F; % Update the first best bulture
            Best_vulture1_X=current_vulture_X;
        end
        if current_vulture_F(1)>Best_vulture1_F(1) && ...
                current_vulture_F(1)<Best_vulture2_F(1)
            Best_vulture2_F=current_vulture_F; % Update the second best bulture
            Best_vulture2_X=current_vulture_X;
        end
    end
    worst=max(fit(:,1));
    a=unifrnd(-2,2,1,1)*((sin((pi/2)*(current_iter/max_iter))^gamma)+cos((pi/2)*(current_iter/max_iter))-1);
    P1=(2*rand+1)*(1-(current_iter/max_iter))+a;
    % Update the location
    for i=1:size(X,1)
        current_vulture_X = X(i,:);  % pick the current vulture back to the population
        F=P1*(2*rand()-1);
        random_vulture_X=random_select(Best_vulture1_X,Best_vulture2_X,alpha,betha);
        if (current_iter<=(1/3*max_iter))
            
            current_vulture_X = exploration(current_vulture_X, random_vulture_X, F, p1, upper_bound, lower_bound);
            % Exploitation:
        elseif (current_iter>(1/3*max_iter)&&  (current_iter<=(2/3*max_iter)))
            prob=(fit(i)-worst)/(Best_vulture1_F(1)-worst);
            if (prob>0.4)
                current_vulture_X= exploitation(current_vulture_X, Best_vulture1_X, Best_vulture2_X, random_vulture_X, F, p2, p3, dim, upper_bound, lower_bound);
            else
                current_vulture_X = exploration(current_vulture_X, random_vulture_X, F, p1, upper_bound, lower_bound);
            end
        else
            current_vulture_X = exploration(current_vulture_X, random_vulture_X, F, p1, upper_bound, lower_bound);
        end
        X(i,:) = current_vulture_X; % place the current vulture back into the population
    end
    
    current_iter=current_iter+1;
    
    X = boundaryCheck(X, lower_bound, upper_bound);
    fprintf('Iteration=%d Best_Fitness(Fitness Function,Accuracy,Precision,Recall,Specificity)=%f,%f,%f,%f,%f\n', current_iter,Best_vulture1_F );
    
end

end