@[toc]
前言
本文以求解二元函数最小值为例，如果需要求解多元函数，只需要修改以下变量即可：
- varNum：变量维度数
- ub和lb：变量的上下界
- vMaxArr：每个维度的搜索速度限制
算法流程
优化目标
目标：在变量区间范围最小化 Z = x^2 + y^2 - xy - 10x - 4y +60求解结果
最佳迭代次数：54
变量取值为：[8.000855389813834, 5.999066863910713]
最优解为：8.000002400629782蜂群觅食过程可视化
Java代码
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Random;
/**
* @Author：WSKH
* @ClassName：ABC_Solver
* @ClassType：
* @Description：
* @Date：2022/6/8/09:40
* @Email：1187560563@qq.com
* @Blog：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_51545953?type=blog
*/
public class ABC_Solver {
// 蜜蜂抽象父类
class Bee {
// 当前蜜蜂坐标（自变量数组）
double[] curVars;
// 当前自变量对应的目标函数值
double curObjValue;
// 适应度（解决最小化问题，所以适应度为目标函数值的倒数）
double fit;
// 搜索/试验次数
int searchCount;
// 全参构造
public Bee(double[] curVars, double curObjValue, double fit, int searchCount) {
this.curVars = curVars;
this.curObjValue = curObjValue;
this.fit = fit;
this.searchCount = searchCount;
}
}
// 算法参数
// 蜂群数量
int beeNum = 100;
// 蜂群
Bee[] bees;
// 最大迭代次数
int maxGen = 100;
// 局部搜索次数
int localSearchCount = 5;
// 观察蜂阶段随机搜索次数
int observeTimeSearchCount = 30;
// 最大试验次数(超过此次数就说明该蜜源已经没有蜂蜜了，尽量设置大一点，可以更快的收敛)
int maxSearchCount = 5000;
// 随机数对象
Random random = new Random();
// 变量维度数
int varNum = 2;
// 变量的上下界
double[] ub = new double[]{1000, 1000};
double[] lb = new double[]{-1000, -1000};
// 每个维度的速度限制
double[] vMaxArr = new double[]{1.2, 1.2};
// 最好的蜜蜂
Bee bestBee;
// 最佳迭代次数
int bestT;
// 记录迭代过程
public double[][][] positionArr;
// 初始化蜂群
void initBees() {
positionArr = new double[maxGen][beeNum][varNum];
bees = new Bee[beeNum];
for (int i = 0; i < beeNum; i++) {
bees[i] = getRandomBee();
if (i == 0) {
bestBee = copyBee(bees[0]);
} else {
if (bestBee.fit < bees[i].fit) {
bestBee = copyBee(bees[i]);
}
}
}
}
// 求解主函数
public void solve() {
// 初始化蜂群
initBees();
// 开始迭代
for (int t = 0; t < maxGen; t++) {
// 采蜜蜂阶段(随机局部搜索)
honeyTime(t);
// 观察蜂阶段
observeTime(t);
// 侦察蜂阶段
scoutTime(t);
}
// 输出最好的结果
System.out.println("最佳迭代次数：" + bestT);
System.out.println("变量取值为：" + Arrays.toString(bestBee.curVars));
System.out.println("最优解为：" + bestBee.curObjValue);
}
// 侦察蜂阶段
private void scoutTime(int t) {
for (int i = 0; i < bees.length; i++) {
if(bees[i].searchCount >= maxSearchCount){
bees[i] = getRandomBee();
if(bees[i].fit > bestBee.fit){
bestBee = copyBee(bees[i]);
bestT = t;
}
}
}
}
// 根据fit值进行轮盘赌随机选取蜜蜂进行局部搜索(fit值越大越可能被选中)
private void observeTime(int t) {
// 计算fit总和
double totalFit = 0;
for (Bee honeyBee : bees) {
totalFit += honeyBee.fit;
}
// 轮盘赌的累计概率数组
double[] p = new double[beeNum];
for (int i = 0; i < p.length; i++) {
p[i] = (bees[i].fit / totalFit) + (i == 0 ? 0 : p[i - 1]);
}
// 随机选取蜜蜂进行局部搜索
for (int i = 0; i < observeTimeSearchCount; i++) {
double r = random.nextDouble();
for (int j = 0; j < p.length; j++) {
if (r <= p[j]) {
localSearch(t, j);
break;
}
}
}
}
// 采蜜蜂阶段(对每个蜜蜂进行随机局部搜索)
private void honeyTime(int t) {
for (int j = 0; j < beeNum; j++) {
localSearch(t, j);
}
}
// 随机局部搜索
void localSearch(int t, int j) {
Bee localBee = copyBee(bees[j]);
for (int k = 0; k < localSearchCount; k++) {
Bee tempBee = copyBee(localBee);
for (int m = 0; m < tempBee.curVars.length; m++) {
moveBee(tempBee, m, (random.nextDouble() - 0.5) * 2 * vMaxArr[m]);
}
tempBee.curObjValue = getObjValue(tempBee.curVars);
tempBee.fit = 1 / tempBee.curObjValue;
if (tempBee.fit > localBee.fit) {
localBee = copyBee(tempBee);
k = -1;
}else {
localBee.searchCount++;
}
}
if (localBee.fit > bestBee.fit) {
bestBee = copyBee(localBee);
bestT = t;
}
bees[j] = copyBee(localBee);
for (int m = 0; m < localBee.curVars.length; m++) {
positionArr[t][j][m] = localBee.curVars[m];
}
}
// 获取一个随机生成的蜜蜂
Bee getRandomBee() {
double[] vars = new double[varNum];
for (int j = 0; j < vars.length; j++) {
vars[j] = lb[j] + random.nextDouble() * (ub[j] - lb[j]);
}
double objValue = getObjValue(vars);
return new Bee(vars.clone(), objValue, 1 / objValue, 0);
}
// 控制蜜蜂在第m个维度上移动n个距离
public void moveBee(Bee bee, int m, double n) {
// 移动
bee.curVars[m] += n;
// 超出定义域的判断
if (bee.curVars[m] < lb[m]) {
bee.curVars[m] = lb[m];
}
if (bee.curVars[m] > ub[m]) {
bee.curVars[m] = ub[m];
}
}
/**
* @param vars 自变量数组
* @return 返回目标函数值
*/
public double getObjValue(double[] vars) {
//目标：在变量区间范围最小化 Z = x^2 + y^2 - xy - 10x - 4y +60
return Math.pow(vars[0], 2) + Math.pow(vars[1], 2) - vars[0] * vars[1] - 10 * vars[0] - 4 * vars[1] + 60;
}
// 复制蜜蜂
Bee copyBee(Bee old) {
return new Bee(old.curVars.clone(), old.curObjValue, old.fit, old.searchCount);
}
}可视化代码
import javafx.animation.KeyFrame;
import javafx.animation.Timeline;
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.geometry.Pos;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.canvas.Canvas;
import javafx.scene.canvas.GraphicsContext;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.input.MouseEvent;
import javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.util.Duration;
/**
* @Author：WSKH
* @ClassName：PlotUtil
* @ClassType：
* @Description：
* @Date：2022/6/6/18:31
* @Email：1187560563@qq.com
* @Blog：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_51545953?type=blog
*/
public class PlotUtil extends Application {
//当前的时间轴
private Timeline nowTimeline;
//绘图位置坐标
private double[][][] positionArr;
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
}
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) throws Exception {
// 调用算法获取绘图数据
ABC_Solver abc_solver = new ABC_Solver();
abc_solver.solve();
positionArr = abc_solver.positionArr;
// 画图
try {
BorderPane root = new BorderPane();
root.setStyle("-fx-padding: 20;");
Scene scene = new Scene(root, 1600, 900);
double canvasWid = 800;
double canvasHei = 800;
//根据画布大小缩放坐标值
this.fixPosition(canvasWid - 100, canvasHei - 100);
//画布和画笔
HBox canvasHbox = new HBox();
Canvas canvas = new Canvas();
canvas.setWidth(canvasWid);
canvas.setHeight(canvasHei);
canvasHbox.setPrefWidth(canvasWid);
canvasHbox.getChildren().add(canvas);
canvasHbox.setAlignment(Pos.CENTER);
canvasHbox.setStyle("-fx-spacing: 20;" +
"-fx-background-color: #87e775;");
root.setTop(canvasHbox);
GraphicsContext paintBrush = canvas.getGraphicsContext2D();
//启动
HBox hBox2 = new HBox();
Button beginButton = new Button("播放迭代过程");
hBox2.getChildren().add(beginButton);
root.setBottom(hBox2);
hBox2.setAlignment(Pos.CENTER);
//启动仿真以及暂停仿真
beginButton.addEventHandler(MouseEvent.MOUSE_CLICKED, event -> {
nowTimeline.play();
});
//创建扫描线连接动画
nowTimeline = new Timeline();
createAnimation(paintBrush);
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 修正cityPositionArr的坐标，让画出来的点在画布内
*
* @param width
* @param height
*/
private void fixPosition(double width, double height) {
double minX = Double.MAX_VALUE;
double maxX = -Double.MAX_VALUE;
double minY = Double.MAX_VALUE;
double maxY = -Double.MAX_VALUE;
for (int i = 0; i < this.positionArr.length; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < this.positionArr[0].length; j++) {
minX = Math.min(minX, this.positionArr[i][j][0]);
maxX = Math.max(maxX, this.positionArr[i][j][0]);
minY = Math.min(minY, this.positionArr[i][j][1]);
maxY = Math.max(maxY, this.positionArr[i][j][1]);
}
}
double multiple = Math.max((maxX - minX) / width, (maxY - minY) / height);
//转化为正数数
for (int i = 0; i < this.positionArr.length; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < this.positionArr[0].length; j++) {
if (minX < 0) {
this.positionArr[i][j][0] = this.positionArr[i][j][0] - minX;
}
if (minY < 0) {
this.positionArr[i][j][1] = this.positionArr[i][j][1] - minY;
}
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < this.positionArr.length; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < this.positionArr[0].length; j++) {
this.positionArr[i][j][0] = this.positionArr[i][j][0] / multiple;
this.positionArr[i][j][1] = this.positionArr[i][j][1] / multiple;
}
}
}
/**
* 用画笔在画布上画出所有的孔
* 画第i代的所有粒子
*/
private void drawAllCircle(GraphicsContext paintBrush, int i) {
paintBrush.clearRect(0, 0, 2000, 2000);
paintBrush.setFill(Color.RED);
for (int j = 0; j < this.positionArr[i].length; j++) {
drawCircle(paintBrush, i, j);
}
}
/**
* 用画笔在画布上画出一个孔
* 画第i代的第j个粒子
*/
private void drawCircle(GraphicsContext paintBrush, int i, int j) {
double x = this.positionArr[i][j][0];
double y = this.positionArr[i][j][1];
double radius = 2;
// 圆的直径
double diameter = radius * 2;
paintBrush.fillOval(x, y, diameter, diameter);
}
/**
* 创建动画
*/
private void createAnimation(GraphicsContext paintBrush) {
for (int i = 0; i < this.positionArr[0].length; i++) {
int finalI = i;
KeyFrame keyFrame = new KeyFrame(Duration.seconds(i * 0.05), event -> drawAllCircle(paintBrush, finalI));
nowTimeline.getKeyFrames().add(keyFrame);
}
}
}