Given an array of integers, every element appears three times except for one. Find that single one.
Note:
Your algorithm should have a linear runtime complexity. Could you implement it without using extra memory?
解题思路
考虑全部用二进制表示,如果我们把 第 ith 个位置上所有数字的和对3取余,那么只会有两个结果 0 或 1 (根据题意,3个0或3个1相加余数都为0). 因此取余的结果就是那个 “Single Number”。
public class Solution {
public int singleNumber(int[] nums) {
int cnt[] = new int[32];
int single = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < nums.length; j++) {
cnt[i] += (nums[j] >> i) & 0x1;
}
single |= cnt[i] % 3 << i;
}
return single;
}
}
一种改进的做法是使用掩码变量:
- ones 代表第ith 位只出现一次的掩码变量
- twos 代表第ith 位只出现两次次的掩码变量
- threes 代表第ith 位只出现三次的掩码变量
当第ith位出现3次时,我们就 ones 和 twos 的第ith 位设置为0。
实现代码
Java:
// Runtime: 1 ms
public class Solution {
public int singleNumber(int[] nums) {
int ones = 0, twos = 0, threes = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
twos |= ones & nums[i];
ones ^= nums[i];
threes = ones & twos;
//对于ones 和 twos 把出现了3次的位置设置为0
ones &= ~threes;
twos &= ~threes;
}
return ones;
}
}