logstash
• logstash 是什么
– logstash是一个数据采集、加工处理以及传输的工具
• logstash 特点:
– 所有类型的数据集中处理
– 不同模式和格式数据的正常化
– 自定义日志格式的迅速扩展
– 为自定义数据源轻松添加插件
• logstash 安装
– Logstash 依赖 java 环境,需要安装 java-1.8.0-openjdk
– Logstash 没有默认的配置文件,需要手动配置
– logstash 安装在 /opt/logstash 目录下
# rpm -ivh logstash-2.3.4-1.noarch.rpm
# rpm -qc logstash
/etc/init.d/logstash
/etc/logrotate.d/logstash
/etc/sysconfig/logstash
// 查看logstash 模块插件列表
# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash-plugin list
logstash-codec-collectd
logstash-codec-json
.. ..
logstash-filter-anonymize
logstash-filter-checksum
.. ..
logstash-input-beats
logstash-input-exec
.. ..
logstash-output-cloudwatch
logstash-output-csv
.. ..
logstash-patterns-core
第一列表示是 logstash 的模块
第二列表示在那个区域段执行 codec 属于编解码 是字符编码类型的 在全部的区域段可以运行
• logstash 工作结构
– { 数据源 } ==>
– input { } ==> //收集日志
– filter { } ==> //日志处理 整理格式
– output { } ==> //日志输出
– { ES }
• logstash 里面的类型
– 布尔值类型: ssl_enable => true
– 字节类型:bytes => "1MiB"
– 字符串类型: name => "xkops"
– 数值类型: port => 22
– 数组: match => ["datetime","UNIX"]
– 哈希: options => {k => "v",k2 => "v2"}
– 编码解码: codec => "json"
– 路径: file_path => "/tmp/filename"
– 注释: #
• logstash 条件判断
– 等于: ==
– 不等于: !=
– 小于: <
– 大于: >
– 小于等于: <=
– 大于等于: >=
– 匹配正则: =~
– 不匹配正则: !~
logstash 条件判断
– 包含: in
– 不包含: not in
– 与: and
– 或: or
– 非与: nand
– 非或: xor
– 复合表达式: ()
– 取反符合: !()
配置 logastash
# cd /etc/logstash/
// logstash 默认没有配置文件
# vim logstash.conf
input{
stdin{} //标准输入
}
filter{}
output{
stdout{} // 标准输出
}
# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f logstash.conf // 相当cat
Settings: Default pipeline workers: 1
Pipeline main started
Hello word!!!
2018-01-26T13:21:22.031Z 0.0.0.0 Hello word!!!
– 上页的配置文件使用了 logstash-input-stdin 和logstash-output-stdout 两个插件
查看插件具体使用方法 的方式是 https://github.com/logstash-plugins
练习1
# vim logstash.conf
input{
stdin{ codec => "json" }
}
filter{}
output{
stdout{}
}
# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f logstash.conf
Settings: Default pipeline workers: 1
Pipeline main started
12345 // 123456 不是 json 模式 所有报错
A plugin had an unrecoverable error. Will restart this plugin.
Plugin: <LogStash::Inputs::Stdin codec=><LogStash::Codecs::JSON charset=>"UTF-8">>
Error: can't convert String into Integer {:level=>:error}
'abc'
2018-01-26T13:43:17.840Z 0.0.0.0 'abc'
'{"a":1,"b":2}'
2018-01-26T13:43:46.889Z 0.0.0.0 '{"a":1,"b":2}'
练习2
# vim logstash.conf
input{
stdin{ codec => "json" }
}
filter{}
output{
stdout{ codec => "rubydebug"} //调试数据的模式
}
# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f logstash.conf
Settings: Default pipeline workers: 1
Pipeline main started
'"aaa"'
{
"message" => "'\"aaa\"'",
"tags" => [
[0] "_jsonparsefailure"
],
"@version" => "1",
"@timestamp" => "2018-01-26T13:52:45.307Z",
"host" => "0.0.0.0"
}
{"aa":1,"bb":2}
{
"aa" => 1,
"bb" => 2,
"@version" => "1",
"@timestamp" => "2018-01-26T13:53:00.452Z",
"host" => "0.0.0.0"
}
练习3
# touch /tmp/a.log /tmp/b.log
# vim logstash.conf
input{
file { //监控文件
path => ["/tmp/a.log","/tmp/b.log"] //监控文件 路径
type => "testlog" //声明文件类型
}
}
filter{}
output{
stdout{ codec => "rubydebug"}
}
# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f logstash.conf
Settings: Default pipeline workers: 1
Pipeline main started
... //开始监控日志文件
//切换到另一个终端测试
# cd /tmp/
// 为日志文件 添加内容
# echo 12345 > a.log
// 这时在 会看见终端输出监控信息
{
"message" => "12345",
"@version" => "1",
"@timestamp" => "2018-01-27T00:45:15.470Z",
"path" => "/tmp/a.log",
"host" => "0.0.0.0",
"type" => "testlog"
}
# echo b123456 > b.log
{
"message" => "b123456",
"@version" => "1",
"@timestamp" => "2018-01-27T00:45:30.487Z",
"path" => "/tmp/b.log",
"host" => "0.0.0.0",
"type" => "testlog"
}
# echo c123456 >> b.log
{
"message" => "c123456",
"@version" => "1",
"@timestamp" => "2018-01-27T00:45:45.501Z",
"path" => "/tmp/b.log",
"host" => "0.0.0.0",
"type" => "testlog"
}
// 默认记录 读取位置的文件 在管理员家目录 .sincedb_ 后面是一串哈希数
# cat /root/.sincedb_ab3977c541d1144f701eedeb3af4956a
3190503 0 64768 6
3190504 0 64768 16
# du -b /tmp/a.log du -b 查看文件类型
6/tmp/a.log
# du -b /tmp/b.log
16/tmp/b.log
// 进行优化
# vim logstash.conf
input{
file {
start_position => "beginning" //设置当记录位置的库文件不存在时 从文件开始读取
sincedb_path => "/var/lib/logstash/sincedb-access" //记录位置的库文件 默认放在每个用户下的 所以将记录位置的库文件固定位置
path => ["/tmp/a.log","/tmp/b.log"]
type => "testlog"
}
}
filter{}
output{
stdout{ codec => "rubydebug"}
}
# rm -rf /root/.sincedb_ab3977c541d1144f701eedeb3af4956a
# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f logstash.conf
Settings: Default pipeline workers: 1
Pipeline main started
{
"message" => "12345",
"@version" => "1",
"@timestamp" => "2018-01-27T10:44:54.890Z",
"path" => "/tmp/a.log",
"host" => "0.0.0.0",
"type" => "testlog"
}
{
"message" => "b123456",
"@version" => "1",
"@timestamp" => "2018-01-27T10:44:55.242Z",
"path" => "/tmp/b.log",
"host" => "0.0.0.0",
"type" => "testlog"
}
{
"message" => "c123456",
"@version" => "1",
"@timestamp" => "2018-01-27T10:44:55.242Z",
"path" => "/tmp/b.log",
"host" => "0.0.0.0",
"type" => "testlog"
}
练习 tcp udp 插件
# vim logstash.conf
input{
tcp {
host => "0.0.0.0"
port => 8888
type => "tcplog"
}
udp {
host => "0.0.0.0"
port => 9999
type => "udplog"
}
}
filter{}
output{
stdout{ codec => "rubydebug"}
}
# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f logstash.conf
Settings: Default pipeline workers: 1
Pipeline main started
...
//在另一个终端查看监听端口
# netstat -pantu | grep -E "(8888|9999)"
tcp6 0 0 :::8888 :::* LISTEN 3098/java
udp6 0 0 :::9999 :::* 3098/java
模拟客户端 发送数据报文
// 发送tcp 数据报文 exec 改变当前文件描述符 标准输入 标准输出重新设置
# exec 9<>/dev/tcp/192.168.4.10/8888 //打开建立连接
# echo "hello world" >&9 //发送 hello world 字符串 给连接
# exec 9<&- // 关闭连接
// 接收到连接
{
"message" => "hello world",
"@version" => "1",
"@timestamp" => "2018-01-27T11:01:35.356Z",
"host" => "192.168.4.11",
"port" => 48654,
"type" => "tcplog"
}
// 发送udp 数据报文
# exec 7<>/dev/udp/192.168.4.10/9999
# echo "is udp log" >&7
# exec 7<&-
// 接收到连接
{
"message" => "is udp log\n",
"@version" => "1",
"@timestamp" => "2018-01-27T11:05:18.850Z",
"type" => "udplog",
"host" => "192.168.4.11"
}
// 发送文件
# exec 8<>/dev/udp/192.168.4.10/9999
# cat /etc/hosts >&8
# exec 9<&-
// 接受到信息
{
"message" => "127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4\n::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6\n192.168.4.11\tes1\n192.168.4.12\tes2\n192.168.4.13\tes3\n192.168.4.14\tes4\n192.168.4.15\tes5\n",
"@version" => "1",
"@timestamp" => "2018-01-27T11:10:31.099Z",
"type" => "udplog",
"host" => "192.168.4.11"
}
syslog 插件练习
# vim logstash.conf
input{
syslog{
host => "192.168.4.10"
port => 514 //系统日志默认端口
type => "syslog"
}
}
filter{}
output{
stdout{ codec => "rubydebug"}
}
# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f logstash.conf
Settings: Default pipeline workers: 1
Pipeline main started
. . .
# netstat -pantu | grep 514
tcp6 0 0 192.168.4.10:514 :::* LISTEN 3545/java
udp6 0 0 192.168.4.10:514 :::* 3545/java
//在客户端主机上 自定义日志文件 发给logstash 主机
# vim /etc/rsyslog.conf
# sed -n '74p' /etc/rsyslog.conf
local0.info@@192.168.4.10:514
# systemctl restart rsyslog.service
# logger -p local0.info -t testlog "hello world" // 发送一条测试日志
// logstash 主机收到日志
{
"message" => "hello world\n",
"@version" => "1",
"@timestamp" => "2018-01-27T11:29:03.000Z",
"type" => "syslog",
"host" => "192.168.4.11",
"priority" => 134,
"timestamp" => "Jan 27 06:29:03",
"logsource" => "es1",
"program" => "testlog",
"severity" => 6,
"facility" => 16,
"facility_label" => "local0",
"severity_label" => "Informational"
}
扩展 如果想要把登录日志发给 logstash
# vim /etc/rsyslog.conf
# sed -n '75p' /etc/rsyslog.conf
authpriv.*@@192.168.4.10:514
# systemctl restart rsyslog.service
//测试登录 登出
# exit
登出
Connection to 192.168.4.11 closed.
# ssh -X root@192.168.4.11
root@192.168.4.11's password:
Last login: Sat Jan 27 05:27:21 2018 from 192.168.4.254
//实时接受的日志
{
"message" => "Accepted password for root from 192.168.4.254 port 50820 ssh2\n",
"@version" => "1",
"@timestamp" => "2018-01-27T11:32:07.000Z",
"type" => "syslog",
"host" => "192.168.4.11",
"priority" => 86,
"timestamp" => "Jan 27 06:32:07",
"logsource" => "es1",
"program" => "sshd",
"pid" => "3734",
"severity" => 6,
"facility" => 10,
"facility_label" => "security/authorization",
"severity_label" => "Informational"
}
{
"message" => "pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0)\n",
"@version" => "1",
"@timestamp" => "2018-01-27T11:32:07.000Z",
"type" => "syslog",
"host" => "192.168.4.11",
"priority" => 86,
"timestamp" => "Jan 27 06:32:07",
"logsource" => "es1",
"program" => "sshd",
"pid" => "3734",
"severity" => 6,
"facility" => 10,
"facility_label" => "security/authorization",
"severity_label" => "Informational"
}
• filter grok插件
– 解析各种非结构化的日志数据插件
– grok 使用正则表达式把飞结构化的数据结构化
– 在分组匹配,正则表达式需要根据具体数据结构编写
– 虽然编写困难,但适用性极广
– 几乎可以应用于各类数据
• grok 正则分组匹配
– 匹配 ip 时间戳 和 请求方法
"(?<ip>(\d+\.){3}\d+) \S+ \S+
(?<time>.*\])\s+\"(?<method>[A-Z]+)"]
– 使用正则宏
%{IPORHOST:clientip} %{HTTPDUSER:ident} %{USER:auth}
\[%{HTTPDATE:timestamp}\] \"%{WORD:verb}
– 最终版本
%{COMMONAPACHELOG} \"(?<referer>[^\"]+)\"
\"(?<UA>[^\"]+)\"
练习 匹配Apache 日志
# cd /opt/logstash/vendor/bundle/jruby/1.9/gems/logstash-patterns-core-2.0.5/patterns/
# vim grok-patterns //日志宏定义仓库
....
COMMONAPACHELOG %{IPORHOST:clientip} %{HTTPDUSER:ident} %{USER:auth} \[%{HTTPDATE:timestamp}\] "(?:%{WORD:verb} %{NOTSPACE:request}(?: HTTP/%{NUMBER:httpversion})?|%{DATA:rawrequest})" %{NUMBER:response} (?:%{NUMBER:bytes}|-)
....
# vim /tmp/test.log //在测试文件中添加一条日志
220.181.108.115 - - [11/Jul/2017:03:07:16 +0800] "GET /%B8%DF%BC%B6%D7%E2%C1%DE%D6%F7%C8%CE/QYQiu_j.html HTTP/1.1" 200 20756 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Baiduspider/2.0; +http://www.baidu.com/search/spider.html)" "-" zxzs.buildhr.com 558742
# vim logstash.conf
input{
file{
start_position => "beginning"
sincedb_path => "/dev/null" //为了调试方便
path => [ "/tmp/test.log" ]
type => 'filelog'
}
}
filter{
grok{
match => ["message","%{COMMONAPACHELOG}"]
}
}
output{
stdout{ codec => "rubydebug"}
}
# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f logstash.conf Settings: Default pipeline workers: 1
Pipeline main started
{
"message" => "220.181.108.115 - - [11/Jul/2017:03:07:16 +0800] \"GET /%B8%DF%BC%B6%D7%E2%C1%DE%D6%F7%C8%CE/QYQiu_j.html HTTP/1.1\" 200 20756 \"-\" \"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Baiduspider/2.0; +http://www.baidu.com/search/spider.html)\" \"-\" zxzs.buildhr.com 558742",
"@version" => "1",
"@timestamp" => "2018-01-27T12:03:10.363Z",
"path" => "/tmp/test.log",
"host" => "0.0.0.0",
"type" => "filelog",
"clientip" => "220.181.108.115",
"ident" => "-",
"auth" => "-",
"timestamp" => "11/Jul/2017:03:07:16 +0800",
"verb" => "GET",
"request" => "/%B8%DF%BC%B6%D7%E2%C1%DE%D6%F7%C8%CE/QYQiu_j.html",
"httpversion" => "1.1",
"response" => "200",
"bytes" => "20756"
}
{
"message" => "",
"@version" => "1",
"@timestamp" => "2018-01-27T12:03:10.584Z",
"path" => "/tmp/test.log",
"host" => "0.0.0.0",
"type" => "filelog",
"tags" => [
[0] "_grokparsefailure"
]
}
编写分析日志正则时 先区宏库中寻找 找不到可以 去百度 尽量不要自己手动写 会很累
练习 同时解析不同日志
# vim logstash.conf
input{
file{
start_position => "beginning"
sincedb_path => "/dev/null"
path => [ "/tmp/test.log" ]
type => 'filelog'
}
file{
start_position => "beginning"
sincedb_path => "/dev/null"
path => [ "/tmp/test.json" ]
type => 'jsonlog'
codec => 'json'
}
}
filter{
if [type] == "filelog"{
grok{
match => ["message","%{COMMONAPACHELOG}"]
}
}
}
output{
stdout{ codec => "rubydebug"}
}
[root@klog logstash]# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f logstash.conf
Settings: Default pipeline workers: 1
Pipeline main started
{
"message" => "220.181.108.115 - - [11/Jul/2017:03:07:16 +0800] \"GET /%B8%DF%BC%B6%D7%E2%C1%DE%D6%F7%C8%CE/QYQiu_j.html HTTP/1.1\" 200 20756 \"-\" \"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Baiduspider/2.0; +http://www.baidu.com/search/spider.html)\" \"-\" zxzs.buildhr.com 558742",
"@version" => "1",
"@timestamp" => "2018-01-27T12:22:06.481Z",
"path" => "/tmp/test.log",
"host" => "0.0.0.0",
"type" => "filelog",
"clientip" => "220.181.108.115",
"ident" => "-",
"auth" => "-",
"timestamp" => "11/Jul/2017:03:07:16 +0800",
"verb" => "GET",
"request" => "/%B8%DF%BC%B6%D7%E2%C1%DE%D6%F7%C8%CE/QYQiu_j.html",
"httpversion" => "1.1",
"response" => "200",
"bytes" => "20756"
}
{
"message" => "",
"@version" => "1",
"@timestamp" => "2018-01-27T12:22:06.834Z",
"path" => "/tmp/test.log",
"host" => "0.0.0.0",
"type" => "filelog",
"tags" => [
[0] "_grokparsefailure"
]
}
{
"@timestamp" => "2015-05-18T12:28:25.013Z",
"ip" => "79.1.14.87",
"extension" => "gif",
"response" => "200",
"geo" => {
"coordinates" => {
"lat" => 35.16531472,
"lon" => -107.9006142
},
"src" => "GN",
"dest" => "US",
"srcdest" => "GN:US"
},
"@tags" => [
[0] "success",
[1] "info"
],
"utc_time" => "2015-05-18T12:28:25.013Z",
"referer" => "http://www.slate.com/warning/b-alvin-drew",
"agent" => "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686) AppleWebKit/534.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/11.0.696.50 Safari/534.24",
"clientip" => "79.1.14.87",
"bytes" => 774,
"host" => "motion-media.theacademyofperformingartsandscience.org",
"request" => "/canhaz/james-mcdivitt.gif",
"url" => "https://motion-media.theacademyofperformingartsandscience.org/canhaz/james-mcdivitt.gif",
"@message" => "79.1.14.87 - - [2015-05-18T12:28:25.013Z] \"GET /canhaz/james-mcdivitt.gif HTTP/1.1\" 200 774 \"-\" \"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686) AppleWebKit/534.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/11.0.696.50 Safari/534.24\"",
"spaces" => "this is a thing with lots of spaces wwwwoooooo",
"xss" => "<script>console.log(\"xss\")</script>",
"headings" => [
[0] "<h3>charles-bolden</h5>",
[1] "http://www.slate.com/success/barry-wilmore"
],
"links" => [
[0] "george-nelson@twitter.com",
[1] "http://facebook.com/info/anatoly-solovyev",
[2] "www.www.slate.com"
],
"relatedContent" => [],
"machine" => {
"os" => "osx",
"ram" => 8589934592
},
"@version" => "1",
"path" => "/tmp/test.json",
"type" => "jsonlog"
}
真正在项目中可以和开放人员商量 让其提供json 格式的日志 这样能轻松很多
output ES 插件
调试成功后,把数据写入 ES 集群
# cat logstash.conf
input{
file{
start_position => "beginning"
sincedb_path => "/dev/null"
path => [ "/tmp/test.log" ]
type => 'filelog'
}
file{
start_position => "beginning"
sincedb_path => "/dev/null"
path => [ "/tmp/test.json" ]
type => 'jsonlog'
codec => 'json'
}
}
filter{
if [type] == "filelog"{
grok{
match => ["message","%{COMMONAPACHELOG}"]
}
}
}
output{
if [type] == "filelog"{
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["192.168.4.11:9200","192.168.4.12:9200"]
index => "weblog"
flush_size => 2000
idle_flush_time => 10
}
}
}
# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f logstash.conf
Settings: Default pipeline workers: 1
Pipeline main started
