MongoDB 3.2 for RHEL6.4 installation-阿里云开发者社区

从来不认为任何一门技术简单，尤其对于初次接触者；也许是因为开源，MongoDB不像Oracle数据库那么规范化，都有对应的详细的操作文档，按照文档来，就能达到目的，我觉得MongoDB在这方面差很多。下面，我以Oracle的安装思路总结下MongoDB的安装过程。
1、创建mongodb的管理用户
注意：有必要强调的是，LINUX版本最好是6.4以上，在REDHAT5.5上，我尝试安装，最后要求GLIBC版本最低是2.10，要升级GLIBC，风险很大。

[root@mongo ~]# uname -a

Linux mongo 2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Jan 29 11:47:41 EST 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

[root@mongo ~]#

[root@mongo ~]#useradd -u 500 mongo

[root@mongo ~]#passwd mongo
2、创建mongodb的安装目录
[root@mongo ~]# cd /opt/mongo/

[root@mongo ~]#chown -R mongo:mongo /opt/mongo

[root@mongo ~]#chmod -R 775 /opt/mongo

[mongo@mongo mongo]$ ls

soft

[mongo@mongo mongo]$ mkdir data

[mongo@mongo mongo]$ ls

data soft

[mongo@mongo mongo]$ mkdir logs

[mongo@mongo mongo]$ ls

data logs soft

[mongo@mongo mongo]$ ls -l

total 12

drwxrwxr-x. 2 mongo mongo 4096 Jun 11 01:08 data #MongoDB的数据文件存放目录

drwxrwxr-x. 2 mongo mongo 4096 Jun 11 01:08 logs #MongoDB的日志文件存放目录，类似ORACLE的ALERT日志文件

drwxrwxr-x. 2 mongo mongo 4096 Jun 11 01:08 soft #MongoDB的软件安装目录
3、mongodb管理用户登录服务器，上传安装介质并解压
注意：这里需要强调，MongoDB的安装版本必须对应特定的操作系统平台及版本，这里我用 mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.2.7.tgz

[mongo@mongo ~]$ cd /opt/mongo/

[mongo@mongo mongo]$ ls

mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.2.7.tgz

[mongo@mongo mongo]$ tar -xvf mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.2.7.tgz

mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.2.7/README

mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.2.7/THIRD-PARTY-NOTICES

mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.2.7/MPL-2

mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.2.7/GNU-AGPL-3.0

mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.2.7/bin/mongodump

mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.2.7/bin/mongorestore

mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.2.7/bin/mongoexport

mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.2.7/bin/mongoimport

mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.2.7/bin/mongostat

mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.2.7/bin/mongotop

mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.2.7/bin/bsondump

mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.2.7/bin/mongofiles

mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.2.7/bin/mongooplog

mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.2.7/bin/mongoperf

mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.2.7/bin/mongod

mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.2.7/bin/mongos

mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.2.7/bin/mongo

[mongo@mongo ~]$mv mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.2.7 soft
4、修改管理用户下的环境变量
[mongo@mongo ~]$ cat .bash_profile

# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then

. ~/.bashrc

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

export PATH

export PATH=$PATH:/opt/mongo/soft/bin

export MONGO_BASE=/opt/mongo

export MONGO_DATA=/opt/mongo/data

export MONGO_LOGS=/opt/mongo/logs
5、检查mongo对glibc的要求
注意：这里要求GLIBC版本号必须大于等于2.10

[root@mongo ~]# rpm -qi glibc

Name : glibc Relocations: (not relocatable)

Version : 2.12 Vendor: Red Hat, Inc.

Release : 1.107.el6 Build Date: Tue 20 Nov 2012 08:22:45 PM PST

Install Date: Sat 11 Jun 2016 08:41:30 AM PDT Build Host: x86-023.build.eng.bos.redhat.com

Group : System Environment/Libraries Source RPM: glibc-2.12-1.107.el6.src.rpm

Size : 12947270 License: LGPLv2+ and LGPLv2+ with exceptions and GPLv2+

Signature : RSA/8, Tue 29 Jan 2013 07:00:11 AM PST, Key ID 199e2f91fd431d51

Packager : Red Hat, Inc.

URL : http://sources.redhat.com/glibc/

Summary : The GNU libc libraries

Description :

The glibc package contains standard libraries which are used by

multiple programs on the system. In order to save disk space and

memory, as well as to make upgrading easier, common system code is

kept in one place and shared between programs. This particular package

contains the most important sets of shared libraries: the standard C

library and the standard math library. Without these two libraries, a

Linux system will not function.
6、解决libssl.so.10问题
通过mongod的可用性发现 libssl.so.10问题，此问题不解决，MongoDB无法启动
[mongo@mongo ~]$ mongod --help
mongod: error while loading shared libraries: libssl.so.10: cannot open shared object file: No such file or director
解决 libssl.so.10 问题，使用 root 建立软链接即可

[root@mongo lib]# pwd

/usr/lib

[root@mongo lib]# ls -l libss*

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 205052 Jul 20 2009 libssl3.so

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 448536 Sep 4 2009 libssl.a

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 26 Feb 18 2014 libssl.so -> ../../lib/libssl.so.0.9.8e

[root@mongo lib64]# pwd

/lib64

[root@mongo lib64]# ln -s /lib64/libssl.so.0.9.8e /usr/lib/libssl.so.10

[root@mongo lib]# ls -l libss*

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 205052 Jul 20 2009 libssl3.so

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 448536 Sep 4 2009 libssl.a

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 26 Feb 18 2014 libssl.so -> ../../lib/libssl.so.0.9.8e

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 23 Jun 11 11:36 libssl.so.10 -> /lib64/libssl.so.0.9.8e
7、解决libcrypto.so.10问题
通过 mongod的可用性发现 libcrypto.so.10问题，此问题不解决，MongoDB无法启动
解决 libcrypto.so.10 问题，使用 root 建立软链接即可

[root@mongo lib]# pwd

/usr/lib

[root@mongo lib]# ls -l libcryp*

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 47750 Sep 4 2009 libcrypt.a

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2416230 Sep 4 2009 libcrypto.a

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 29 Feb 18 2014 libcrypto.so -> ../../lib/libcrypto.so.0.9.8e

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 Feb 18 2014 libcryptsetup.so.0 -> libcryptsetup.so.0.0.0

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 51276 Jul 2 2009 libcryptsetup.so.0.0.0

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 23 Feb 18 2014 libcrypt.so -> ../../lib/libcrypt.so.1

[root@mongo lib64]# pwd

/lib64

[root@mongo lib64]# ln -s /lib64/libcrypto.so.0.9.8e /usr/lib/libcrypto.so.10

[root@mongo lib]# ls -l libcryp*

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 47750 Sep 4 2009 libcrypt.a

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2416230 Sep 4 2009 libcrypto.a

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 29 Feb 18 2014 libcrypto.so -> ../../lib/libcrypto.so.0.9.8e

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 26 Jun 11 11:43 libcrypto.so.10 -> /lib64/libcrypto.so.0.9.8e

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 Feb 18 2014 libcryptsetup.so.0 -> libcryptsetup.so.0.0.0

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 51276 Jul 2 2009 libcryptsetup.so.0.0.0

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 23 Feb 18 2014 libcrypt.so -> ../../lib/libcrypt.so.1
8、测通MongoDB的mongod可用性
[mongo@mongo ~]$ mongod --help

Options:

General options:

-h [ --help ] show this usage information

--version show version information

-f [ --config ] arg configuration file specifying

additional options

-v [ --verbose ] [=arg(=v)] be more verbose (include multiple times

for more verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)

--quiet quieter output

--port arg specify port number - 27017 by default

--bind_ip arg comma separated list of ip addresses to

listen on - all local ips by default

--ipv6 enable IPv6 support (disabled by

default)

--maxConns arg max number of simultaneous connections

- 1000000 by default

--logpath arg log file to send write to instead of

stdout - has to be a file, not

directory

--syslog log to system's syslog facility instead

of file or stdout

--syslogFacility arg syslog facility used for mongodb syslog

message

--logappend append to logpath instead of

over-writing

--logRotate arg set the log rotation behavior

(rename|reopen)

--timeStampFormat arg Desired format for timestamps in log

messages. One of ctime, iso8601-utc or

iso8601-local

--pidfilepath arg full path to pidfile (if not set, no

pidfile is created)

--keyFile arg private key for cluster authentication

--noauth run without security

--setParameter arg Set a configurable parameter

--httpinterface enable http interface

--clusterAuthMode arg Authentication mode used for cluster

authentication. Alternatives are

(keyFile|sendKeyFile|sendX509|x509)

--nounixsocket disable listening on unix sockets

--unixSocketPrefix arg alternative directory for UNIX domain

sockets (defaults to /tmp)

--filePermissions arg permissions to set on UNIX domain

socket file - 0700 by default

--fork fork server process

--auth run with security

--jsonp allow JSONP access via http (has

security implications)

--rest turn on simple rest api

--slowms arg (=100) value of slow for profile and console

log

--profile arg 0=off 1=slow, 2=all

--cpu periodically show cpu and iowait

utilization

--sysinfo print some diagnostic system

information

--noIndexBuildRetry don't retry any index builds that were

interrupted by shutdown

--noscripting disable scripting engine

--notablescan do not allow table scans

--shutdown kill a running server (for init

scripts)

Replication options:

--oplogSize arg size to use (in MB) for replication op

log. default is 5% of disk space (i.e.

large is good)

Master/slave options (old; use replica sets instead):

--master master mode

--slave slave mode

--source arg when slave: specify master as

--only arg when slave: specify a single database

to replicate

--slavedelay arg specify delay (in seconds) to be used

when applying master ops to slave

--autoresync automatically resync if slave data is

stale

Replica set options:

--replSet arg arg is [/<optionalseedhostlist </optionalseedhostlist<>

--replIndexPrefetch arg specify index prefetching behavior (if

secondary) [none|_id_only|all]

--enableMajorityReadConcern enables majority readConcern

Sharding options:

--configsvr declare this is a config db of a

cluster; default port 27019; default

dir /data/configdb

--configsvrMode arg Controls what config server protocol is

in use. When set to "sccc" keeps server

in legacy SyncClusterConnection mode

even when the service is running as a

replSet

--shardsvr declare this is a shard db of a

cluster; default port 27018

Storage options:

--storageEngine arg what storage engine to use - defaults

to wiredTiger if no data files present

--dbpath arg directory for datafiles - defaults to

/data/db

--directoryperdb each database will be stored in a

separate directory

--noprealloc disable data file preallocation - will

often hurt performance

--nssize arg (=16) .ns file size (in MB) for new databases

--quota limits each database to a certain

number of files (8 default)

--quotaFiles arg number of files allowed per db, implies

--quota

--smallfiles use a smaller default file size

--syncdelay arg (=60) seconds between disk syncs (0=never,

but not recommended)

--upgrade upgrade db if needed

--repair run repair on all dbs

--repairpath arg root directory for repair files -

defaults to dbpath

--journal enable journaling

--nojournal disable journaling (journaling is on by

default for 64 bit)

--journalOptions arg journal diagnostic options

--journalCommitInterval arg how often to group/batch commit (ms)

WiredTiger options:

--wiredTigerCacheSizeGB arg maximum amount of memory to allocate

for cache; defaults to 1/2 of physical

RAM

--wiredTigerStatisticsLogDelaySecs arg (=0)

seconds to wait between each write to a

statistics file in the dbpath; 0 means

do not log statistics

--wiredTigerJournalCompressor arg (=snappy)

use a compressor for log records

[none|snappy|zlib]

--wiredTigerDirectoryForIndexes Put indexes and data in different

directories

--wiredTigerCollectionBlockCompressor arg (=snappy)

block compression algorithm for

collection data [none|snappy|zlib]

--wiredTigerIndexPrefixCompression arg (=1)

use prefix compression on row-store

leaf pages
9、启动mongodb数据库
[mongo@mongo ~]$ mongod --dbpath=$MONGO_DATA --logpath=$MONGO_LOGS/mongodb.log --logappend&

[1] 3028

[mongo@mongo ~]$
10、检查mongodb的运行状态
[root@mongo mongo]# ps -ef|grep mongo

mongo 3028 1 1 01:31 pts/0 00:00:00 mongod --dbpath=/opt/mongo/data --logpath=/opt/mongo/logs/mongodb.log --logappend

root 3059 2443 0 01:32 pts/0 00:00:00 grep mongo
[root@mongo mongo]# cd /opt/mongo/logs

[root@mongo logs]# cat mongodb.log

2016-06-11T01:31:19.106-0700 I CONTROL [initandlisten] MongoDB starting : pid=3028 port=27017 dbpath=/opt/mongo/data 64-bit host=mongo

2016-06-11T01:31:19.107-0700 I CONTROL [initandlisten] db version v3.2.7

2016-06-11T01:31:19.107-0700 I CONTROL [initandlisten] git version: 4249c1d2b5999ebbf1fdf3bc0e0e3b3ff5c0aaf2

2016-06-11T01:31:19.107-0700 I CONTROL [initandlisten] allocator: tcmalloc

2016-06-11T01:31:19.107-0700 I CONTROL [initandlisten] modules: none

2016-06-11T01:31:19.107-0700 I CONTROL [initandlisten] build environment:

2016-06-11T01:31:19.107-0700 I CONTROL [initandlisten] distarch: x86_64

2016-06-11T01:31:19.107-0700 I CONTROL [initandlisten] target_arch: x86_64

2016-06-11T01:31:19.107-0700 I CONTROL [initandlisten] options: { storage: { dbPath: "/opt/mongo/data" }, systemLog: { destination: "file", logAppend: true, path: "/opt/mongo/logs/mongodb.log" } }

2016-06-11T01:31:19.139-0700 I STORAGE [initandlisten] wiredtiger_open config: create,cache_size=1G,session_max=20000,eviction=(threads_max=4),config_base=false,statistics=(fast),log=(enabled=true,archive=true,path=journal,compressor=snappy),file_manager=(close_idle_time=100000),checkpoint=(wait=60,log_size=2GB),statistics_log=(wait=0),

2016-06-11T01:31:19.186-0700 I CONTROL [initandlisten]

2016-06-11T01:31:19.186-0700 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'.

2016-06-11T01:31:19.186-0700 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never'

2016-06-11T01:31:19.186-0700 I CONTROL [initandlisten]

2016-06-11T01:31:19.186-0700 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'.

2016-06-11T01:31:19.186-0700 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never'

2016-06-11T01:31:19.186-0700 I CONTROL [initandlisten]

2016-06-11T01:31:19.187-0700 I FTDC [initandlisten] Initializing full-time diagnostic data capture with directory '/opt/mongo/data/diagnostic.data'

2016-06-11T01:31:19.187-0700 I NETWORK [HostnameCanonicalizationWorker] Starting hostname canonicalization worker

2016-06-11T01:31:19.194-0700 I NETWORK [initandlisten] waiting for connections on port 27017
[root@mongo ~]# netstat -lanp | grep 27017

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:27017 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3028/mongod

tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:39769 127.0.0.1:27017 ESTABLISHED 3099/mongo

tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:27017 127.0.0.1:39769 ESTABLISHED 3028/mongod

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 23441 3028/mongod /tmp/mongodb-27017.sock

11、登录MongoDB数据库
[mongo@mongo ~]$ mongo

MongoDB shell version: 3.2.7

connecting to: test

Welcome to the MongoDB shell.

For interactive help, type "help".

For more comprehensive documentation, see

http://docs.mongodb.org/

Questions? Try the support group

http://groups.google.com/group/mongodb-user

Server has startup warnings:

2016-06-11T01:31:19.186-0700 I CONTROL [initandlisten]

2016-06-11T01:31:19.186-0700 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'.

2016-06-11T01:31:19.186-0700 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never'

2016-06-11T01:31:19.186-0700 I CONTROL [initandlisten]

2016-06-11T01:31:19.186-0700 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'.

2016-06-11T01:31:19.186-0700 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never'

2016-06-11T01:31:19.186-0700 I CONTROL [initandlisten]

>
登录后，MongoDB要求关闭操作系统的 transparent_hugepage特性（这里可以放在MongoDB安装前，系统调整时执行），需要以root身份执行以下命令:
echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag
[root@mongo transparent_hugepage]# echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
[root@mongo transparent_hugepage]# echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag
12、重启MongoDB数据库并测试数据库可用性
[mongo@mongo ~]$ mongo
MongoDB shell version: 3.2.7
connecting to: test
Server has startup warnings:
2016-06-13T18:58:21.838-0700 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2016-06-13T18:58:21.839-0700 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'.
2016-06-13T18:58:21.839-0700 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never'
2016-06-13T18:58:21.839-0700 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2016-06-13T18:58:21.839-0700 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'.
2016-06-13T18:58:21.839-0700 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never'
2016-06-13T18:58:21.839-0700 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
> use admin
switched to db admin
> db.shutdownServer();
server should be down...
2016-06-13T19:04:21.290-0700 I NETWORK [thread1] trying reconnect to 127.0.0.1:27017 (127.0.0.1) failed
2016-06-13T19:04:21.291-0700 W NETWORK [thread1] Failed to connect to 127.0.0.1:27017, reason: errno:111 Connection refused
2016-06-13T19:04:21.291-0700 I NETWORK [thread1] reconnect 127.0.0.1:27017 (127.0.0.1) failed failed
> exit
bye
[1]+ Done mongod --dbpath=$MONGO_DATA --logpath=$MONGO_LOGS/mongodb.log --logappend
[mongo@mongo ~]$ mongod --dbpath=$MONGO_DATA --logpath=$MONGO_LOGS/mongodb.log --logappend&
[1] 40476
[mongo@mongo ~]$ mongo
MongoDB shell version: 3.2.7
connecting to: test
>
> show db

local 0.000GB

> use zhul

switched to db zhul

> show dbs

local 0.000GB

> db.createCollection("test")

{ "ok" : 1 }

> show dbs

local 0.000GB

zhul 0.000GB
安装成功！