测试专项笔记(一): 通过算法能力接口返回的检测结果完成相关指标的计算（目标检测）

一、任务描述

通过给定的算法接口，对算法的输出（置信度、检测框、告警、类别等）进行数据处理，结合原标签完成TP、FP、FN、TN、准确率、召回率的指标测试。

二、指标分析

2.1 TP/FP/FN/TN

TP（True Positives，真正例）：表示模型正确预测为正类的样本数量，也就是将正例正确分类为正例的数量。

FP（False Positives，假正例）：表示模型错误预测为正类的样本数量，也就是将负例错误分类为正例的数量。

FN（False Negatives，假负例）：表示模型错误预测为负类的样本数量，也就是将正例错误分类为负例的数量。

TN（True Negatives，真负例）：表示模型正确预测为负类的样本数量，也就是将负例正确分类为负例的数量。

2.2 精准率

精准率是指模型在所有被预测为正例的样本中，真正为正例的比例。它的计算公式是：Precision = TP / (TP + FP)。精准率衡量了模型的预测中有多少是真正的正例，是一个关于假正例的指标。

2.3 召回率

召回率是指模型在所有实际正例中，成功预测为正例的比例。它的计算公式是：Recall = TP / (TP + FN)。召回率衡量了模型对于所有正例的识别能力，是一个关于假负例的指标。

三、接口处理

import os, base64, json, time, requests

def get_all_file(path):
    result_list = []
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path):
        for file in files:
            if os.path.basename(file).__contains__(".jpg"):
                result_list.append(os.path.join(root, file))
    return result_list

def pic2base64(img_path):
    if os.path.exists(img_path):
        encoded_base64 = base64.b64encode(open(img_path, 'rb').read()).decode()
        return encoded_base64
    else:
        os.error("图片不存在，请检查图片路径：{}".format(img_path))

def write_content_to_json(content, json_file_path):
    with open(json_file_path, 'w+', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        f.write(json.dumps(content, indent=4, ensure_ascii=False))

if __name__ == "__main__":
    result = {}
    fish_pic_path = r"D:\datasets\test_mission\fishing_test_data"
    url_fish = "http://***.***.***.*:端口号/能力接口"
    pic_list = get_all_file(fish_pic_path)
    for pic in pic_list:
        image_base64 = pic2base64(pic)
        payload = {
            "seqid": "test1",
            "timestamp": int(time.time()),
            "image": image_base64
            # "image": rf';base64,{image_base64}\"alt=\"\">'
        }
        res = requests.post(url_fish, json=payload)
        json_res = res.json()
        print(json_res)
        if 'code' in json_res and json_res['code'] == 6000:
            result[os.path.basename(pic)] = json_res['data']
    write_content_to_json(result, 'result/fish_result.json')

将所有的结果保存为JSON文档，如下：

四、数据集处理

数据集统一处理成：

数据集如果是JSON格式，通过下面的代码转换为TXT格式

import os
import numpy as np
import json
from glob import glob
import cv2
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from shutil import copyfile
import argparse

obj_classes = []

# Labelme坐标到YOLO V5坐标的转换
def convert(size, box):
    dw = 1. / (size[0])
    dh = 1. / (size[1])
    x = (box[0] + box[1]) / 2.0 - 1
    y = (box[2] + box[3]) / 2.0 - 1
    w = box[1] - box[0]
    h = box[3] - box[2]
    x = x * dw
    w = w * dw
    y = y * dh
    h = h * dh
    return (x, y, w, h)

def create(yolo_labels_dir):
    if not os.path.exists(yolo_labels_dir):
        os.makedirs(yolo_labels_dir)

# 样本转换
def convertToYolo5(fileList, output_dir, labelImg_path, unify_path):
    # 创建指定样本的父目录
    if not os.path.exists(output_dir):
        os.makedirs(output_dir)

    # 创建指定样本的images和labels子目录
    yolo_images_dir = '{}/images/'.format(output_dir)
    yolo_labels_dir = '{}/labels/'.format(output_dir)

    create(yolo_images_dir)
    create(yolo_labels_dir)
    create(unify_path)

    # 一个样本图片一个样本图片地转换
    for num,json_file_ in enumerate(fileList):
        # print('fileList',fileList)
        # 1. 生成YOLO样本图片
        # 构建json图片文件的全路径名
        imagePath = labelImg_path + '/' + json_file_ + ".jpg"
        print('name',imagePath, json_file_)
        # print('labelme_path', labelme_path)
        # 构建Yolo图片文件的全路径名
        yolo_image_file_path = yolo_images_dir + "{}.jpg".format(json_file_)
        print('yolo_image_file_path', yolo_image_file_path)

        # copy样本图片
        copyfile(imagePath, yolo_image_file_path)

        # 2. 生成YOLO样本标签
        # 构建json标签文件的全路径名

        labelme_path_ = labelImg_path.split('image')[0]

        json_filename = labelme_path_ + 'json'+'\\' + json_file_ + ".json"

        # 构建Yolo标签文件的全路径名
        yolo_label_file_path = yolo_labels_dir + "{}.txt".format(json_file_)
        txt_label_file_path = unify_path + "/{}.txt".format(json_file_)

        # 创建新的Yolo标签文件
        yolo_label_file = open(yolo_label_file_path, 'w')
        txt_label_file = open(txt_label_file_path, 'w')

        # 获取当前图片的Json标签文件
        json_obj = json.load(open(json_filename, "r", encoding="utf-8"))

        # 获取当前图片的长度、宽度信息
        height = json_obj['imageHeight']
        width = json_obj['imageWidth']

        # 依次读取json文件中所有目标的shapes信息
        for shape in json_obj["shapes"]:
            # 获取shape中的物体分类信息
            label = shape["label"]
            if label not in ['car_red','car_orange','car_green','car_blue','car_black','car_white','car_purple','car_grey','car_silvery','car grey','car orange','car black','car','car blue','car purple','car white','car silvery','car green','car_yellow','car red']:
                if label == 'Fengtain' or label == 'FengTain' or label == 'FengtTian' or label == 'Fengtian':
                    label = 'FengTian'
                if (label not in obj_classes):
                    obj_classes.append(label)

                # 获取shape中的物体坐标信息
                if (shape["shape_type"] == 'rectangle'):
                    points = np.array(shape["points"])
                    xmin = min(points[:, 0]) if min(points[:, 0]) > 0 else 0
                    xmax = max(points[:, 0]) if max(points[:, 0]) > 0 else 0
                    ymin = min(points[:, 1]) if min(points[:, 1]) > 0 else 0
                    ymax = max(points[:, 1]) if max(points[:, 1]) > 0 else 0

                    # 对坐标信息进行合法性检查
                    if xmax <= xmin:
                        pass
                    elif ymax <= ymin:
                        pass
                    else:
                        # Labelme坐标转换成YOLO V5坐标
                        bbox_labelme_float = (float(xmin), float(xmax), float(ymin), float(ymax))
                        bbox_yolo_normalized = convert((width, height), bbox_labelme_float)

                        # 把分类标签转换成分类id
                        class_id = obj_classes.index(label)

                        # 生成YOLO V5的标签文件
                        yolo_label_file.write(str(class_id) + " " + " ".join([str(a) for a in bbox_yolo_normalized]) + '\n')

                        # 保存为统一的位置
                        txt_label_file.write(str(class_id) + " " + " ".join([str(a) for a in bbox_yolo_normalized]) + '\n')

        yolo_label_file.close()
        txt_label_file.close()

def check_output_directory(output=""):
    # 创建保存输出图片的目录
    save_path = output + '/'
    is_exists = os.path.exists(save_path)

    if is_exists:
        print('Warning: path of %s already exist, please remove it firstly by manual' % save_path)
        # shutil.rmtree(save_path)  # 避免误删除已有的文件
        return ""

    # print('create output path %s' % save_path)
    os.makedirs(save_path)

    return save_path

def create_yolo_dataset_cfg(output_dir='', label_class=[]):
    # 创建文件
    data_cfg_file = open(output_dir + '/data.yaml', 'w')

    # 创建文件内容
    data_cfg_file.write('train:  ../train/images\n')
    data_cfg_file.write("val:    ../valid/images\n")
    data_cfg_file.write("test:   ../test/images\n")
    data_cfg_file.write("\n")
    data_cfg_file.write("# Classes\n")
    data_cfg_file.write("nc: %s\n" % len(label_class))
    data_cfg_file.write('names: ')
    i = 0
    for label in label_class:
        if (i == 0):
            data_cfg_file.write("[")
        else:
            data_cfg_file.write(", ")
            if (i % 10 == 0):
                data_cfg_file.write("\n        ")
        i += 1
        data_cfg_file.write("'" + label + "'")
    data_cfg_file.write(']  # class names')
    data_cfg_file.close()
    # 关闭文件

def labelImg2yolo(input='', output='', unify_path=""):
    outputdir_root = output + '/'
    labelImg_path = input
    print(labelImg_path)
    labelImg_path_imagepath = labelImg_path + '\\' + 'image'
    print(labelImg_path_imagepath)
    json_path = labelImg_path+'\\'+'json'
    print(json_path)

    print("*"*100)

    # 1.获取input目录中所有的json标签文件全路径名
    files = glob(json_path + "/*.json")
    print(files)

    # 2.获取所有标签文件的短文件名称
    files = [i.replace("\\", "/").split("/")[-1].split(".json")[0] for i in files]
    print(files)

    # 3. 按比例随机切分数据集，获取训练集样本
    train_files, valid_test_files = train_test_split(files, test_size=0.2, random_state=55)

    # 4. 按比例随机切分数据集，获取验证集和测试集样本
    valid_files, test_files = train_test_split(valid_test_files, test_size=0.1, random_state=55)

    # 5. 构建YOLO数据集目录
    train_path = outputdir_root + '/train'
    valid_path = outputdir_root + '/valid'
    test_path = outputdir_root + '/test'

    # 6. 生成YOLO 训练、验证、测试数据集：图片+标签
    convertToYolo5(train_files, train_path, labelImg_path_imagepath, unify_path)
    convertToYolo5(valid_files, valid_path, labelImg_path_imagepath, unify_path)
    convertToYolo5(test_files, test_path, labelImg_path_imagepath, unify_path)
    print("*"*100)
    # 7. 创建YOLO数据集配置文件
    create_yolo_dataset_cfg(output, obj_classes)
    labelme_path = input

    print("Classes:", obj_classes)
    print('Finished, output path =', outputdir_root)

    return 0

def parse_opt():
    # define argparse object
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()

    # input 包含两个文件夹， image和json，分别存放了对应的文件
    parser.add_argument('--input', type=str, default=r'F:\python\mission\fish_power_test\data\test',help='The input LabelImg directory')
    # output 存放保存的yolov5的训练数据，分为train、val、test三个文件，里面分别存放了对应的images和labels，在train目录下还存放了yolov5加载数据集的yaml文件（见data.yaml）
    parser.add_argument('--output', type=str,default=r'F:\python\mission\fish_power_test\data\test/yolo_txt', help='The output YOLO V5 directory')
    # 统一存放
    parser.add_argument('--unify_path', type=str,default=r'F:\python\mission\fish_power_test\data\test/txt', help='The output txt directory')

    # parse arges from command line
    opt = parser.parse_args()
    print("input  =", opt.input)
    print("output =", opt.output)
    print("unify_path =", opt.unify_path)
    # return opt
    return opt

def main(opt):
    labelImg2yolo(**vars(opt))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    opt = parse_opt()
    main(opt)

然后通过下面的代码将源标签的txt文档进行总结

# 将txt标签对应的原始的label和boxs写入到txt文档中
import cv2
import os

# 读取txt文件信息
def read_list(txt_path):
    pos = []
    with open(txt_path, 'r') as file_to_read:
        while True:
            lines = file_to_read.readline()  # 整行读取数据
            if not lines:
                break
            # 将整行数据分割处理，如果分割符是空格，括号里就不用传入参数，如果是逗号， 则传入‘，'字符。
            p_tmp = [float(i) for i in lines.split(' ')]
            pos.append(p_tmp)  # 添加新读取的数据
            pass
    return pos

def draw_box_in_single_image(image_path, txt_path, image_name):
    # 读取图像
    image = cv2.imread(image_path)
    pos = read_list(txt_path)
    reses = []
    reses.append(image_name)
    for i in range(len(pos)):
        label = classes[int(str(int(pos[i][0])))]
        print('label is '+label)

        # 将中心坐标、宽度和高度转换为 xywh 格式
        x_center = int(pos[i][1] * image.shape[1])
        y_center = int(pos[i][2] * image.shape[0])
        width = int(pos[i][3] * image.shape[1])
        height = int(pos[i][4] * image.shape[0])

        x_min = x_center - width // 2
        y_min = y_center - height // 2

        # 绘制矩形框
        cv2.rectangle(image, (x_min, y_min), (x_min + width, y_min + height), colores[int(str(int(pos[i][0])))], 2)
        cv2.putText(image, label, (x_min, y_min - 2), 0, 1, colores[int(str(int(pos[i][0])))], thickness=2, lineType=cv2.LINE_AA)

        res = [label, x_min, y_min, width, height]

        reses.append(res)
    # cv2.imshow("images", image)
    # cv2.waitKey(0)
    return reses

if __name__ == '__main__':
    f =  open('result/ori_data.txt', 'w+')
    img_folder = "data/test/image"
    img_list = [f for f in os.listdir(img_folder) if f.endswith('.jpg')]
    img_list.sort()

    label_folder =  "data/test/txt"
    label_list = [f for f in os.listdir(label_folder) if f.endswith('.txt')]
    label_list.sort()

    classes = {0: "fishing", 1: "no_fishing"}
    colores = [(0, 0, 255), (255, 0, 255)]

    for i in range(len(img_list)):
        image_path = os.path.join(img_folder, img_list[i])
        txt_path = os.path.join(label_folder, label_list[i])
        reses = draw_box_in_single_image(image_path, txt_path, img_list[i])
        print(reses)
        f.write(str(reses))
        f.write("\n")
    f.close()

五、开始计算指标

处理之后就可以得到检测后的fish_result.json和ori_data.txt。然后根据这两个文件来计算即可。

部分重要代码放在这里面：链接

五、实用工具

5.1 移动文件

import os
import shutil

# 源文件夹和目标文件夹的路径
source_folder = 'fishing_test_data'
destination_folder = 'test/image'

# 确保目标文件夹存在，如果不存在就创建它
if not os.path.exists(destination_folder):
    os.makedirs(destination_folder)

# 遍历源文件夹中的文件
for filename in os.listdir(source_folder):
    # 检查文件扩展名是否为图片格式，可以根据需要添加其他格式
    if filename.endswith(('.jpg', '.png', '.jpeg')):
        # 构建源文件的完整路径和目标文件的完整路径
        source_file_path = os.path.join(source_folder, filename)
        destination_file_path = os.path.join(destination_folder, filename)

        # 移动文件
        shutil.move(source_file_path, destination_file_path)
        print(f'Moved: {filename} to {destination_folder}')

5.2 可视化JSON标签

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import cv2
import os
import json
import shutil
import numpy as np
from pathlib import Path
from glob import glob

id2cls = {0: 'fishing', 1: "no_fishing"}
cls2id = {'fishing': 0,  "no_fishing": 1}
id2color = {"fishing": (0, 255, 0), "no_fishing": (0, 255, 255)}

# 支持中文路径
def cv_imread(filePath):
    cv_img = cv2.imdecode(np.fromfile(filePath, dtype=np.uint8), flags=cv2.IMREAD_COLOR)
    return cv_img

def get_labelme_info(label_file):
    anno = json.load(open(label_file, "r", encoding="utf-8"))
    shapes = anno['shapes']
    image_path = os.path.basename(anno['imagePath'])
    labels = []
    for s in shapes:
        pts = s['points']
        x1, y1 = pts[0]
        x2, y2 = pts[1]
        color = id2color[s["label"]]
        labels.append([color, x1, y1, x2, y2])
    return labels, image_path

def vis_labelme(labelme_label_dir, save_dir='res/'):
    labelme_label_dir = str(Path(labelme_label_dir)) + '/'
    save_dir = str(Path(save_dir)) + '/'
    if not os.path.exists(save_dir):
        os.makedirs(save_dir)
    json_files = glob(labelme_label_dir + '*.json')
    for ijf, jf in enumerate(json_files):
        print(ijf + 1, '/', len(json_files), jf)
        filename = os.path.basename(jf).rsplit('.', 1)[0]
        labels, image_path = get_labelme_info(jf)
        image = cv_imread(labelme_label_dir + image_path)
        for label in labels:
            color = label[0]
            x1, y1, x2, y2 = label[1:]
            x1, y1, x2, y2 = int(x1), int(y1), int(x2), int(y2)
            cv2.rectangle(image, (x1, y1), (x2, y2), color, 3)
        # 显示图片
        # cv2.imshow(filename, image)
        # cv2.waitKey(0)
        # 支持中文路径，保存图片
        cv2.imencode(os.path.splitext(image_path)[-1], image)[1].tofile(save_dir + image_path)
    print('Completed!')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    root_dir = r'D:\Python\money\data\test'
    save_dir = r'D:\Python\money\data\test/t'
    vis_labelme(root_dir, save_dir)

5.3 可视化TXT标签

import cv2
import os

# 读取txt文件信息
def read_list(txt_path):
    pos = []
    with open(txt_path, 'r') as file_to_read:
        while True:
            lines = file_to_read.readline()  # 整行读取数据
            if not lines:
                break
            # 将整行数据分割处理，如果分割符是空格，括号里就不用传入参数，如果是逗号， 则传入‘，'字符。
            p_tmp = [float(i) for i in lines.split(' ')]
            pos.append(p_tmp)  # 添加新读取的数据
            # Efield.append(E_tmp)
            pass
    return pos

# txt转换为box
def convert(size, box):
    xmin = (box[1] - box[3] / 2.) * size[1]
    xmax = (box[1] + box[3] / 2.) * size[1]
    ymin = (box[2] - box[4] / 2.) * size[0]
    ymax = (box[2] + box[4] / 2.) * size[0]
    box = (int(xmin), int(ymin), int(xmax), int(ymax))
    return box

def draw_box_in_single_image(image_path, txt_path):
    # 读取图像
    image = cv2.imread(image_path)
    pos = read_list(txt_path)

    for i in range(len(pos)):
        label = classes[int(str(int(pos[i][0])))]
        print('label is '+label)
        box = convert(image.shape, pos[i])
        image = cv2.rectangle(image,(box[0], box[1]),(box[2],box[3]),colores[int(str(int(pos[i][0])))],2)
        cv2.putText(image, label,(box[0],box[1]-2), 0, 1, colores[int(str(int(pos[i][0])))], thickness=2, lineType=cv2.LINE_AA)

    cv2.imshow("images", image)
    cv2.waitKey(0)

if __name__ == '__main__':

    img_folder = r"F:\python\mission\fish_power_test\data\test\yolo_txt\train\images"
    img_list = os.listdir(img_folder)
    img_list.sort()

    label_folder = r"F:\python\mission\fish_power_test\data\test\yolo_txt\train/labels"
    label_list = os.listdir(label_folder)
    label_list.sort()

    classes = {0: "fishing", 1: "no_fishing"}
    colores = [(0,0,255),(255,0,255)]

    for i in range(len(img_list)):
        image_path = img_folder + "\\" + img_list[i]
        txt_path = label_folder + "\\" + label_list[i]
        draw_box_in_single_image(image_path, txt_path)