机器学习入门----线性回归实验记录

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
from sklearn.metrics import mean_squared_error # 均方误差

path = "file/Advertising.csv"
data = pd.read_csv(path)   # 读取csv文件

print(data.head(10))

print(data.shape)

x = data[['TV', 'Radio', 'Newspaper']]
y = data['Sales']

plt.figure(figsize=(9, 12))  #图示的大小
plt.subplot(311)         # 子图位于全图3行1列中的的第一个位置
plt.plot(data['TV'], y, 'ro')  # 子图的横纵坐标的两个维度；ro：其中r表示线条的颜色；o表示红色和组成（圆圈）；具体可参考下图
plt.title('TV')             # 子图的title
plt.grid()                    # 生成网格
plt.subplot(312)            # 类似
plt.plot(data['Radio'], y, 'b*')
plt.title('Radio')
plt.grid()
plt.subplot(313)
plt.plot(data['Newspaper'], y, 'g^')    # g^：表示绿色的，三角形
plt.title('Newspaper')
plt.grid()
plt.show()

x=data[['TV','Radio']]

x_train, x_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(x, y, test_size=0.3, random_state=23)

lr = LinearRegression(normalize=True, n_jobs=-1)
model = lr.fit(x_train, y_train)    # 利用训练数据，训练模型

print(lr.intercept_)  # 打印线性模型的截距值    
print(lr.coef_)       # 返回模型的估计系数

y_pred = model.predict(x_test)

mse = mean_squared_error(y_test, y_pred) # 传入实际的标签值y_test，和预测的标签值y_pred
print("MSE  : ",mse)    # MSE 均方误差    
print("RMSE :" ,np.sqrt(mse))    # 标准误差

plt.figure()    
plt.plot(range(len(y_pred)), y_pred, 'b', label='predict')    
plt.plot(range(len(y_test)), y_test, 'r', label='test')    
plt.legend(loc='upper right') #标签的显示位置 右上角。    
plt.xlabel("the num of sales")  # x轴标签    
plt.ylabel("value of sales")     # y轴标签    
plt.title("sales real with pred")   # 图像的title    
plt.show()

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
from sklearn.metrics import mean_squared_error  # 均方误差
import sys
path = "file/Advertising.csv"
data = pd.read_csv(path)
print(data.head(10))
print(data.shape)
x = data[['TV', 'Radio', 'Newspaper']]
y = data['Sales']
# plt.figure(figsize=(9, 12))  #图示的大小
# plt.subplot(311)         # 子图位于全图3行1列中的的第一个位置
# plt.plot(data['TV'], y, 'ro')  # 子图的横纵坐标的两个维度；ro：其中r表示线条的颜色；o表示红色和组成（圆圈）；具体可参考下图
# plt.title('TV')             # 子图的title
# plt.grid()                    # 生成网格
# plt.subplot(312)            # 类似
# plt.plot(data['Radio'], y, 'b*')
# plt.title('Radio')
# plt.grid()
# plt.subplot(313)
# plt.plot(data['Newspaper'], y, 'g^')    # g^：表示绿色的，三角形
# plt.title('Newspaper')
# plt.grid()
# plt.show()
x=data[['TV','Radio']]
#使用sklearn自带的数据预处理模块对数据集进行切分，构建训练集和测试集，比例为7比3
x_train, x_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(x, y, test_size=0.3, random_state=23)
#使用sklearn的线性回归类建模，参考normalize=True表示指定对训练数据进行正则化操作；n_jobs=-1表示使用所有的cpu进行训练。
lr = LinearRegression(normalize=True, n_jobs=-1)
model = lr.fit(x_train, y_train)    # 利用训练数据，训练模型
print(lr.intercept_)  # 打印线性模型的截距值
print(lr.coef_)
y_pred = model.predict(x_test)
mse = mean_squared_error(y_test, y_pred) # 传入实际的标签值y_test，和预测的标签值y_pred
print("MSE  : ",mse)    # MSE 均方误差
print("RMSE :" ,np.sqrt(mse))    # 标准误差
plt.figure()
plt.plot(range(len(y_pred)), y_pred, 'b', label='predict')
plt.plot(range(len(y_test)), y_test, 'r', label='test')
plt.legend(loc='upper right') #标签的显示位置 右上角。
plt.xlabel("the num of sales")  # x轴标签
plt.ylabel("value of sales")     # y轴标签
plt.title("sales real with pred")   # 图像的title
plt.show()
# print(data)

,TV,Radio,Newspaper,Sales
1,230.1,37.8,69.2,22.1
2,44.5,39.3,45.1,10.4
3,17.2,45.9,69.3,9.3
4,151.5,41.3,58.5,18.5
5,180.8,10.8,58.4,12.9
6,8.7,48.9,75,7.2
7,57.5,32.8,23.5,11.8
8,120.2,19.6,11.6,13.2
9,8.6,2.1,1,4.8
10,199.8,2.6,21.2,10.6
11,66.1,5.8,24.2,8.6
12,214.7,24,4,17.4
13,23.8,35.1,65.9,9.2
14,97.5,7.6,7.2,9.7
15,204.1,32.9,46,19
16,195.4,47.7,52.9,22.4
17,67.8,36.6,114,12.5
18,281.4,39.6,55.8,24.4
19,69.2,20.5,18.3,11.3
20,147.3,23.9,19.1,14.6
21,218.4,27.7,53.4,18
22,237.4,5.1,23.5,12.5
23,13.2,15.9,49.6,5.6
24,228.3,16.9,26.2,15.5
25,62.3,12.6,18.3,9.7
26,262.9,3.5,19.5,12
27,142.9,29.3,12.6,15
28,240.1,16.7,22.9,15.9
29,248.8,27.1,22.9,18.9
30,70.6,16,40.8,10.5
31,292.9,28.3,43.2,21.4
32,112.9,17.4,38.6,11.9
33,97.2,1.5,30,9.6
34,265.6,20,0.3,17.4
35,95.7,1.4,7.4,9.5
36,290.7,4.1,8.5,12.8
37,266.9,43.8,5,25.4
38,74.7,49.4,45.7,14.7
39,43.1,26.7,35.1,10.1
40,228,37.7,32,21.5
41,202.5,22.3,31.6,16.6
42,177,33.4,38.7,17.1
43,293.6,27.7,1.8,20.7
44,206.9,8.4,26.4,12.9
45,25.1,25.7,43.3,8.5
46,175.1,22.5,31.5,14.9
47,89.7,9.9,35.7,10.6
48,239.9,41.5,18.5,23.2
49,227.2,15.8,49.9,14.8
50,66.9,11.7,36.8,9.7
51,199.8,3.1,34.6,11.4
52,100.4,9.6,3.6,10.7
53,216.4,41.7,39.6,22.6
54,182.6,46.2,58.7,21.2
55,262.7,28.8,15.9,20.2
56,198.9,49.4,60,23.7
57,7.3,28.1,41.4,5.5
58,136.2,19.2,16.6,13.2
59,210.8,49.6,37.7,23.8
60,210.7,29.5,9.3,18.4
61,53.5,2,21.4,8.1
62,261.3,42.7,54.7,24.2
63,239.3,15.5,27.3,15.7
64,102.7,29.6,8.4,14
65,131.1,42.8,28.9,18
66,69,9.3,0.9,9.3
67,31.5,24.6,2.2,9.5
68,139.3,14.5,10.2,13.4
69,237.4,27.5,11,18.9
70,216.8,43.9,27.2,22.3
71,199.1,30.6,38.7,18.3
72,109.8,14.3,31.7,12.4
73,26.8,33,19.3,8.8
74,129.4,5.7,31.3,11
75,213.4,24.6,13.1,17
76,16.9,43.7,89.4,8.7
77,27.5,1.6,20.7,6.9
78,120.5,28.5,14.2,14.2
79,5.4,29.9,9.4,5.3
80,116,7.7,23.1,11
81,76.4,26.7,22.3,11.8
82,239.8,4.1,36.9,12.3
83,75.3,20.3,32.5,11.3
84,68.4,44.5,35.6,13.6
85,213.5,43,33.8,21.7
86,193.2,18.4,65.7,15.2
87,76.3,27.5,16,12
88,110.7,40.6,63.2,16
89,88.3,25.5,73.4,12.9
90,109.8,47.8,51.4,16.7
91,134.3,4.9,9.3,11.2
92,28.6,1.5,33,7.3
93,217.7,33.5,59,19.4
94,250.9,36.5,72.3,22.2
95,107.4,14,10.9,11.5
96,163.3,31.6,52.9,16.9
97,197.6,3.5,5.9,11.7
98,184.9,21,22,15.5
99,289.7,42.3,51.2,25.4
100,135.2,41.7,45.9,17.2
101,222.4,4.3,49.8,11.7
102,296.4,36.3,100.9,23.8
103,280.2,10.1,21.4,14.8
104,187.9,17.2,17.9,14.7
105,238.2,34.3,5.3,20.7
106,137.9,46.4,59,19.2
107,25,11,29.7,7.2
108,90.4,0.3,23.2,8.7
109,13.1,0.4,25.6,5.3
110,255.4,26.9,5.5,19.8
111,225.8,8.2,56.5,13.4
112,241.7,38,23.2,21.8
113,175.7,15.4,2.4,14.1
114,209.6,20.6,10.7,15.9
115,78.2,46.8,34.5,14.6
116,75.1,35,52.7,12.6
117,139.2,14.3,25.6,12.2
118,76.4,0.8,14.8,9.4
119,125.7,36.9,79.2,15.9
120,19.4,16,22.3,6.6
121,141.3,26.8,46.2,15.5
122,18.8,21.7,50.4,7
123,224,2.4,15.6,11.6
124,123.1,34.6,12.4,15.2
125,229.5,32.3,74.2,19.7
126,87.2,11.8,25.9,10.6
127,7.8,38.9,50.6,6.6
128,80.2,0,9.2,8.8
129,220.3,49,3.2,24.7
130,59.6,12,43.1,9.7
131,0.7,39.6,8.7,1.6
132,265.2,2.9,43,12.7
133,8.4,27.2,2.1,5.7
134,219.8,33.5,45.1,19.6
135,36.9,38.6,65.6,10.8
136,48.3,47,8.5,11.6
137,25.6,39,9.3,9.5
138,273.7,28.9,59.7,20.8
139,43,25.9,20.5,9.6
140,184.9,43.9,1.7,20.7
141,73.4,17,12.9,10.9
142,193.7,35.4,75.6,19.2
143,220.5,33.2,37.9,20.1
144,104.6,5.7,34.4,10.4
145,96.2,14.8,38.9,11.4
146,140.3,1.9,9,10.3
147,240.1,7.3,8.7,13.2
148,243.2,49,44.3,25.4
149,38,40.3,11.9,10.9
150,44.7,25.8,20.6,10.1
151,280.7,13.9,37,16.1
152,121,8.4,48.7,11.6
153,197.6,23.3,14.2,16.6
154,171.3,39.7,37.7,19
155,187.8,21.1,9.5,15.6
156,4.1,11.6,5.7,3.2
157,93.9,43.5,50.5,15.3
158,149.8,1.3,24.3,10.1
159,11.7,36.9,45.2,7.3
160,131.7,18.4,34.6,12.9
161,172.5,18.1,30.7,14.4
162,85.7,35.8,49.3,13.3
163,188.4,18.1,25.6,14.9
164,163.5,36.8,7.4,18
165,117.2,14.7,5.4,11.9
166,234.5,3.4,84.8,11.9
167,17.9,37.6,21.6,8
168,206.8,5.2,19.4,12.2
169,215.4,23.6,57.6,17.1
170,284.3,10.6,6.4,15
171,50,11.6,18.4,8.4
172,164.5,20.9,47.4,14.5
173,19.6,20.1,17,7.6
174,168.4,7.1,12.8,11.7
175,222.4,3.4,13.1,11.5
176,276.9,48.9,41.8,27
177,248.4,30.2,20.3,20.2
178,170.2,7.8,35.2,11.7
179,276.7,2.3,23.7,11.8
180,165.6,10,17.6,12.6
181,156.6,2.6,8.3,10.5
182,218.5,5.4,27.4,12.2
183,56.2,5.7,29.7,8.7
184,287.6,43,71.8,26.2
185,253.8,21.3,30,17.6
186,205,45.1,19.6,22.6
187,139.5,2.1,26.6,10.3
188,191.1,28.7,18.2,17.3
189,286,13.9,3.7,15.9
190,18.7,12.1,23.4,6.7
191,39.5,41.1,5.8,10.8
192,75.5,10.8,6,9.9
193,17.2,4.1,31.6,5.9
194,166.8,42,3.6,19.6
195,149.7,35.6,6,17.3
196,38.2,3.7,13.8,7.6
197,94.2,4.9,8.1,9.7
198,177,9.3,6.4,12.8
199,283.6,42,66.2,25.5
200,232.1,8.6,8.7,13.4