继承和派生知识点总结 C++程序设计与算法笔记总结（四） 北京大学 郭炜（一）

class DerivedClass : public BaseClass {
    // 派生类的成员变量和成员函数
};

class DerivedClass : public BaseClass {
public:
    DerivedClass(int x, int y, int z) : BaseClass(x, y), m_z(z) {}
private:
    int m_z;
};

// 基类
class BaseClass {
public:
    int m_varBase;
    void funcBase();
};
// 派生类
class DerivedClass : public BaseClass {
public:
    int m_varDerived;
    void funcDerived();
};

class DerivedClass : public BaseClass {
public:
    DerivedClass(int x, int y, int z) : BaseClass(x, y), m_varDerived(z) {}
private:
    int m_varDerived;
};

class Base {
public:
    int m_varBase;
    void funcBase() {}
};
class Derived : public Base {
public:
    int m_varDerived;
    void funcDerived() {}
};

|<-- 基类部分 -->|<-- 派生类部分 -->|
| m_varBase       | m_varDerived      |
| funcBase()      | funcDerived()     |

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
// 基类：学生
class Student {
public:
    Student(string name, int age, string gender)
        : m_name(name), m_age(age), m_gender(gender) {}
    void display() {
        cout << "姓名：" << m_name << endl;
        cout << "年龄：" << m_age << endl;
        cout << "性别：" << m_gender << endl;
    }
private:
    string m_name;
    int m_age;
    string m_gender;
};
// 派生类1：本科生
class Undergraduate : public Student {
public:
    Undergraduate(string name, int age, string gender, string major)
        : Student(name, age, gender), m_major(major) {}
    void display() {
        Student::display();
        cout << "专业：" << m_major << endl;
    }
private:
    string m_major;
};
// 派生类2：研究生
class Postgraduate : public Student {
public:
    Postgraduate(string name, int age, string gender, string research)
        : Student(name, age, gender), m_research(research) {}
    void display() {
        Student::display();
        cout << "研究方向：" << m_research << endl;
    }
private:
    string m_research;
};
int main() {
    Student s1("张三", 20, "男");
    s1.display();
    Undergraduate s2("李四", 22, "女", "计算机科学与技术");
    s2.display();
    Postgraduate s3("王五", 25, "男", "计算机视觉");
    s3.display();
    return 0;

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
// 基类：人
class Person {
public:
    Person(string name, int age) : m_name(name), m_age(age) {}
    void display() {
        cout << "姓名：" << m_name << endl;
        cout << "年龄：" << m_age << endl;
    }
private:
    string m_name;
    int m_age;
};
// 派生类：学生
class Student : public Person {
public:
    Student(string name, int age, string school) : Person(name, age), m_school(school) {}
    void display() {
        Person::display();
        cout << "学校：" << m_school << endl;
    }
private:
    string m_school;
};
int main() {
    Person p1("李四", 20);
    p1.display();
    Student s1("张三", 18, "清华大学");
    s1.display();
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
// 基类：轮胎
class Tyre {
public:
    Tyre(int size) : m_size(size) {}
    void display() {
        cout << "轮胎尺寸：" << m_size << endl;
    }
private:
    int m_size;
};
// 派生类：汽车
class Car {
public:
    Car(string brand, int size) : m_brand(brand), m_tyre(size) {}
    void display() {
        cout << "品牌：" << m_brand << endl;
        m_tyre.display();
    }
private:
    string m_brand;
    Tyre m_tyre;
};
int main() {
    Car c1("宝马", 18);
    c1.display();
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
// 点类
class Point {
public:
    Point(int x, int y) : m_x(x), m_y(y) {}
private:
    int m_x;
    int m_y;
};
// 图形类
class Shape {
public:
    Shape(string type, int width, int height, int x, int y) 
        : m_type(type), m_width(width), m_height(height), m_point(x, y) {}
    void display() {
        cout << "图形类型：" << m_type << endl;
        cout << "宽度：" << m_width << endl;
        cout << "高度：" << m_height << endl;
        cout << "位置：" << m_point.m_x << ", " << m_point.m_y << endl;
    }
private:
    string m_type;
    int m_width;
    int m_height;
    Point m_point; // 复合关系
};
int main() {
    Shape s("矩形", 100, 50, 10, 20);
    s.display();
    return 0;
}

 正确的写法：
为“狗”类设一个“业主”类的对象指针；
为“业主”类设一个“狗”类的对象指针数组。
class CMaster; //CMaster必须提前声明，不能先
//写CMaster类后写Cdog类
class CDog {
CMaster * pm;
};
class CMaster {
CDog * dogs[10];
};