从零开始学Pytorch（十七）之目标检测基础（二）

compute_jaccard(anchors, ground_truth[:, 1:]) # 验证一下写的compute_jaccard函数

# 以下函数已保存在d2lzh_pytorch包中方便以后使用
def assign_anchor(bb, anchor, jaccard_threshold=0.5):
    """
    # 按照「9.4.1. 生成多个锚框」图9.3所讲为每个anchor分配真实的bb, anchor表示成归一化(xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax).
    https://zh.d2l.ai/chapter_computer-vision/anchor.html
    Args:
        bb: 真实边界框(bounding box), shape:（nb, 4）
        anchor: 待分配的anchor, shape:（na, 4）
        jaccard_threshold: 预先设定的阈值
    Returns:
        assigned_idx: shape: (na, ), 每个anchor分配的真实bb对应的索引, 若未分配任何bb则为-1
    """
    na = anchor.shape[0]
    nb = bb.shape[0]
    jaccard = compute_jaccard(anchor, bb).detach().cpu().numpy() # shape: (na, nb)
    assigned_idx = np.ones(na) * -1  # 存放标签初始全为-1
    # 先为每个bb分配一个anchor(不要求满足jaccard_threshold)
    jaccard_cp = jaccard.copy()
    for j in range(nb):
        i = np.argmax(jaccard_cp[:, j])
        assigned_idx[i] = j
        jaccard_cp[i, :] = float("-inf") # 赋值为负无穷, 相当于去掉这一行
    # 处理还未被分配的anchor, 要求满足jaccard_threshold
    for i in range(na):
        if assigned_idx[i] == -1:
            j = np.argmax(jaccard[i, :])
            if jaccard[i, j] >= jaccard_threshold:
                assigned_idx[i] = j
    return torch.tensor(assigned_idx, dtype=torch.long)
def xy_to_cxcy(xy):
    """
    将(x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max)形式的anchor转换成(center_x, center_y, w, h)形式的.
    https://github.com/sgrvinod/a-PyTorch-Tutorial-to-Object-Detection/blob/master/utils.py
    Args:
        xy: bounding boxes in boundary coordinates, a tensor of size (n_boxes, 4)
    Returns:
        bounding boxes in center-size coordinates, a tensor of size (n_boxes, 4)
    """
    return torch.cat([(xy[:, 2:] + xy[:, :2]) / 2,  # c_x, c_y
                      xy[:, 2:] - xy[:, :2]], 1)  # w, h
def MultiBoxTarget(anchor, label):
    """
    # 按照「9.4.1. 生成多个锚框」所讲的实现, anchor表示成归一化(xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax).
    https://zh.d2l.ai/chapter_computer-vision/anchor.html
    Args:
        anchor: torch tensor, 输入的锚框, 一般是通过MultiBoxPrior生成, shape:（1，锚框总数，4）
        label: 真实标签, shape为(bn, 每张图片最多的真实锚框数, 5)
               第二维中，如果给定图片没有这么多锚框, 可以先用-1填充空白, 最后一维中的元素为[类别标签, 四个坐标值]
    Returns:
        列表, [bbox_offset, bbox_mask, cls_labels]
        bbox_offset: 每个锚框的标注偏移量，形状为(bn，锚框总数*4)
        bbox_mask: 形状同bbox_offset, 每个锚框的掩码, 一一对应上面的偏移量, 负类锚框(背景)对应的掩码均为0, 正类锚框的掩码均为1
        cls_labels: 每个锚框的标注类别, 其中0表示为背景, 形状为(bn，锚框总数)
    """
    assert len(anchor.shape) == 3 and len(label.shape) == 3
    bn = label.shape[0]
    def MultiBoxTarget_one(anc, lab, eps=1e-6):
        """
        MultiBoxTarget函数的辅助函数, 处理batch中的一个
        Args:
            anc: shape of (锚框总数, 4)
            lab: shape of (真实锚框数, 5), 5代表[类别标签, 四个坐标值]
            eps: 一个极小值, 防止log0
        Returns:
            offset: (锚框总数*4, )
            bbox_mask: (锚框总数*4, ), 0代表背景, 1代表非背景
            cls_labels: (锚框总数, 4), 0代表背景
        """
        an = anc.shape[0]
        # 变量的意义
        assigned_idx = assign_anchor(lab[:, 1:], anc) # (锚框总数, )
        print("a: ",  assigned_idx.shape)
        print(assigned_idx)
        bbox_mask = ((assigned_idx >= 0).float().unsqueeze(-1)).repeat(1, 4) # (锚框总数, 4)
        print("b: " , bbox_mask.shape)
        print(bbox_mask)
        cls_labels = torch.zeros(an, dtype=torch.long) # 0表示背景
        assigned_bb = torch.zeros((an, 4), dtype=torch.float32) # 所有anchor对应的bb坐标
        for i in range(an):
            bb_idx = assigned_idx[i]
            if bb_idx >= 0: # 即非背景
                cls_labels[i] = lab[bb_idx, 0].long().item() + 1 # 注意要加一
                assigned_bb[i, :] = lab[bb_idx, 1:]
        # 如何计算偏移量
        center_anc = xy_to_cxcy(anc) # (center_x, center_y, w, h)
        center_assigned_bb = xy_to_cxcy(assigned_bb)
        offset_xy = 10.0 * (center_assigned_bb[:, :2] - center_anc[:, :2]) / center_anc[:, 2:]
        offset_wh = 5.0 * torch.log(eps + center_assigned_bb[:, 2:] / center_anc[:, 2:])
        offset = torch.cat([offset_xy, offset_wh], dim = 1) * bbox_mask # (锚框总数, 4)
        return offset.view(-1), bbox_mask.view(-1), cls_labels
    # 组合输出
    batch_offset = []
    batch_mask = []
    batch_cls_labels = []
    for b in range(bn):
        offset, bbox_mask, cls_labels = MultiBoxTarget_one(anchor[0, :, :], label[b, :, :])
        batch_offset.append(offset)
        batch_mask.append(bbox_mask)
        batch_cls_labels.append(cls_labels)
    bbox_offset = torch.stack(batch_offset)
    bbox_mask = torch.stack(batch_mask)
    cls_labels = torch.stack(batch_cls_labels)
    return [bbox_offset, bbox_mask, cls_labels]

labels = MultiBoxTarget(anchors.unsqueeze(dim=0),
                        ground_truth.unsqueeze(dim=0))

labels[2]

labels[0]

anchors = torch.tensor([[0.1, 0.08, 0.52, 0.92], [0.08, 0.2, 0.56, 0.95],
                        [0.15, 0.3, 0.62, 0.91], [0.55, 0.2, 0.9, 0.88]])
offset_preds = torch.tensor([0.0] * (4 * len(anchors)))
cls_probs = torch.tensor([[0., 0., 0., 0.,],  # 背景的预测概率
                          [0.9, 0.8, 0.7, 0.1],  # 狗的预测概率
                          [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.9]])  # 猫的预测概率

fig = d2l.plt.imshow(img)
show_bboxes(fig.axes, anchors * bbox_scale,
            ['dog=0.9', 'dog=0.8', 'dog=0.7', 'cat=0.9'])

# 以下函数已保存在d2lzh_pytorch包中方便以后使用
from collections import namedtuple
Pred_BB_Info = namedtuple("Pred_BB_Info", ["index", "class_id", "confidence", "xyxy"])
def non_max_suppression(bb_info_list, nms_threshold = 0.5):
    """
    非极大抑制处理预测的边界框
    Args:
        bb_info_list: Pred_BB_Info的列表, 包含预测类别、置信度等信息
        nms_threshold: 阈值
    Returns:
        output: Pred_BB_Info的列表, 只保留过滤后的边界框信息
    """
    output = []
    # 先根据置信度从高到低排序
    sorted_bb_info_list = sorted(bb_info_list, key = lambda x: x.confidence, reverse=True)
    # 循环遍历删除冗余输出
    while len(sorted_bb_info_list) != 0:
        best = sorted_bb_info_list.pop(0)
        output.append(best)
        if len(sorted_bb_info_list) == 0:
            break
        bb_xyxy = []
        for bb in sorted_bb_info_list:
            bb_xyxy.append(bb.xyxy)
        iou = compute_jaccard(torch.tensor([best.xyxy]),
                              torch.tensor(bb_xyxy))[0] # shape: (len(sorted_bb_info_list), )
        n = len(sorted_bb_info_list)
        sorted_bb_info_list = [sorted_bb_info_list[i] for i in range(n) if iou[i] <= nms_threshold]
    return output
def MultiBoxDetection(cls_prob, loc_pred, anchor, nms_threshold = 0.5):
    """
    # 按照「9.4.1. 生成多个锚框」所讲的实现, anchor表示成归一化(xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax).
    https://zh.d2l.ai/chapter_computer-vision/anchor.html
    Args:
        cls_prob: 经过softmax后得到的各个锚框的预测概率, shape:(bn, 预测总类别数+1, 锚框个数)
        loc_pred: 预测的各个锚框的偏移量, shape:(bn, 锚框个数*4)
        anchor: MultiBoxPrior输出的默认锚框, shape: (1, 锚框个数, 4)
        nms_threshold: 非极大抑制中的阈值
    Returns:
        所有锚框的信息, shape: (bn, 锚框个数, 6)
        每个锚框信息由[class_id, confidence, xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax]表示
        class_id=-1 表示背景或在非极大值抑制中被移除了
    """
    assert len(cls_prob.shape) == 3 and len(loc_pred.shape) == 2 and len(anchor.shape) == 3
    bn = cls_prob.shape[0]
    def MultiBoxDetection_one(c_p, l_p, anc, nms_threshold = 0.5):
        """
        MultiBoxDetection的辅助函数, 处理batch中的一个
        Args:
            c_p: (预测总类别数+1, 锚框个数)
            l_p: (锚框个数*4, )
            anc: (锚框个数, 4)
            nms_threshold: 非极大抑制中的阈值
        Return:
            output: (锚框个数, 6)
        """
        pred_bb_num = c_p.shape[1]
        anc = (anc + l_p.view(pred_bb_num, 4)).detach().cpu().numpy() # 加上偏移量
        confidence, class_id = torch.max(c_p, 0)
        confidence = confidence.detach().cpu().numpy()
        class_id = class_id.detach().cpu().numpy()
        pred_bb_info = [Pred_BB_Info(
                            index = i,
                            class_id = class_id[i] - 1, # 正类label从0开始
                            confidence = confidence[i],
                            xyxy=[*anc[i]]) # xyxy是个列表
                        for i in range(pred_bb_num)]
        # 正类的index
        obj_bb_idx = [bb.index for bb in non_max_suppression(pred_bb_info, nms_threshold)]
        output = []
        for bb in pred_bb_info:
            output.append([
                (bb.class_id if bb.index in obj_bb_idx else -1.0),
                bb.confidence,
                *bb.xyxy
            ])
        return torch.tensor(output) # shape: (锚框个数, 6)
    batch_output = []
    for b in range(bn):
        batch_output.append(MultiBoxDetection_one(cls_prob[b], loc_pred[b], anchor[0], nms_threshold))
    return torch.stack(batch_output)

output = MultiBoxDetection(
    cls_probs.unsqueeze(dim=0), offset_preds.unsqueeze(dim=0),
    anchors.unsqueeze(dim=0), nms_threshold=0.5)
output