为了记录动态字符串的实际长度,缓冲区的最大长度,以及每次字符串需要调整时,及时分配新的内存,以及调整长度。MySQL使用了DYNAMIC_STRING来保存动态字符串相关的信息:
typedef struct st_dynamic_string
{
char *str;
size_t length, max_length, alloc_increment;
} DYNAMIC_STRING;
在这个结构体中,str存储实际字符串的首地址,length记录字符串的实际长度,max_length记录字符串缓冲区最多可以存放多少字符,alloc_increment表示当字符串需要分配内存时,每次分配多少内存。
下面看看这个结构体的初始化过程:
my_bool init_dynamic_string( DYNAMIC_STRING *str, const char *init_str, size_t init_alloc, size_t alloc_increment )
{
size_t length;
DBUG_ENTER( "init_dynamic_string" );
if ( !alloc_increment )
alloc_increment = 128;
length = 1;
if ( init_str && (length = strlen( init_str ) + 1) < init_alloc )
init_alloc = ( (length + alloc_increment - 1) / alloc_increment) * alloc_increment;
if ( !init_alloc )
init_alloc = alloc_increment;
if ( !(str->str = (char *) my_malloc( init_alloc, MYF( MY_WME ) ) ) )
DBUG_RETURN( TRUE );
str->length = length - 1;
if ( init_str )
memcpy( str->str, init_str, length );
str->max_length = init_alloc;
str->alloc_increment = alloc_increment;
DBUG_RETURN( FALSE );
}
从上述函数可以看到,初始化时,初始分配的字符串缓冲区大小init_alloc会根据需要初始的字符串来做判断。在分配好该DYNAMIC_STRING空间之后,我们会根据缓冲区的大小,字符串的实际长度,以及alloc_increment来初始化:
length:字符串的实际长度
max_length:缓冲区的最大长度
alloc_increment:空间不够时,下次分配内存的单元大小.
初始化这些内容之后,如果下次需要在该缓冲区添加更多字符,就可以根据这些值来判断是否需要对该缓冲区扩容:
my_bool dynstr_append_mem( DYNAMIC_STRING *str, const char *append, size_t length )
{
char *new_ptr;
if ( str->length + length >= str->max_length ) /* 如果新增字符串后,总长度超过缓冲区大小 */
{
/* 需要分配多少个alloc_increment 大小的内存,才能存下新增后的字符串 */
size_t new_length = (str->length + length + str->alloc_increment) /
str->alloc_increment;
new_length *= str->alloc_increment;
if ( !(new_ptr = (char *) my_realloc( str->str, new_length, MYF( MY_WME ) ) ) )
return(TRUE);
str->str = new_ptr;
str->max_length = new_length;
}
/* 将新分配的内容,append到str之后 */
memcpy( str->str + str->length, append, length );
str->length += length; /* 扩容之后str新的长度 */
str->str[str->length] = 0; /* Safety for C programs */ /* 字符串最后一个字符为’\0' */
return(FALSE);
}
从上述代码可以看到,在字符串初始化化好之后,之后如果需要给该字符串增加新的内容,只需要根据之前存储的信息来动态的realloc就好了。由于该结构体记录了字符串相关的完整内容,所以动态的扩容会非常方便处理。
当然,除了这些,还有比如字符串截断,字符串初始设置,转义OS的引号等等:
将字符串偏移大于N之后的截断。
my_bool dynstr_trunc( DYNAMIC_STRING *str, size_t n )
{
str->length -= n;
str->str[str->length] = '\0';
return(FALSE);
}
返回字符串中第一次出现某个字符的地址。若没有,则返回字符串结尾的地址(指向’’)
char *strcend( register const char *s, register pchar c )
{
for (;; )
{
if ( *s == (char) c )
return( (char *) s);
if ( !*s++ )
return( (char *) s - 1);
}
}
字符串内容扩容:
my_bool dynstr_realloc( DYNAMIC_STRING *str, size_t additional_size )
{
DBUG_ENTER( "dynstr_realloc" );
if ( !additional_size )
DBUG_RETURN( FALSE );
if ( str->length + additional_size > str->max_length ) /* 如果新的字符串内容超过缓冲区的最大长度 */
{
str->max_length = ( (str->length + additional_size + str->alloc_increment - 1) /
str->alloc_increment) * str->alloc_increment;
if ( !(str->str = (char *) my_realloc( str->str, str->max_length, MYF( MY_WME ) ) ) )
DBUG_RETURN( TRUE );
}
DBUG_RETURN( FALSE );
}
对字符串用引号括起来,对其中的单引号进行转义,主要用于执行一些系统命令(system(cmd))。
比如:ls -al 会变成 ‘ls -al’
比如:ls -a’l会变成’ls -a\’l’
/*
* Concatenates any number of strings, escapes any OS quote in the result then
* surround the whole affair in another set of quotes which is finally appended
* to specified DYNAMIC_STRING. This function is especially useful when
* building strings to be executed with the system() function.
*
* @param str Dynamic String which will have addtional strings appended.
* @param append String to be appended.
* @param ... Optional. Additional string(s) to be appended.
*
* @ note The final argument in the list must be NullS even if no additional
* options are passed.
*
* @return True = Success.
*/
my_bool dynstr_append_os_quoted( DYNAMIC_STRING *str, const char *append, ... )
{
const char *quote_str = "\'";
const uint quote_len = 1;
my_bool ret = TRUE;
va_list dirty_text;
ret &= dynstr_append_mem( str, quote_str, quote_len ); /* Leading quote */
va_start( dirty_text, append );
while ( append != NullS )
{
const char *cur_pos = append;
const char *next_pos = cur_pos;
/* Search for quote in each string and replace with escaped quote */
while ( *(next_pos = strcend( cur_pos, quote_str[0] ) ) != '\0' )
{
ret &= dynstr_append_mem( str, cur_pos, (uint) (next_pos - cur_pos) );
ret &= dynstr_append_mem( str, "\\", 1 );
ret &= dynstr_append_mem( str, quote_str, quote_len );
cur_pos = next_pos + 1;
}
ret &= dynstr_append_mem( str, cur_pos, (uint) (next_pos - cur_pos) );
append = va_arg( dirty_text, char * );
}
va_end( dirty_text );
ret &= dynstr_append_mem( str, quote_str, quote_len ); /* Trailing quote */
return(ret);
}
通过定义动态字符串的结构体信息,每次分次进行字符串添加更多字符,都会根据字符串的当前的长度动态的扩容。而且每次扩容后,该结构体都记录的当前字符串的实际信息(当前字符串的长度,缓冲器可容纳字符串的长度,进行扩容的单元长度)。这样,动态字符串的处理操作就变得非常方便了。