在本文中将详细讲述struts.xml
文件的常用配置及注意事项。
1.
使用<include>
标签重用配置文件
在Struts2中提供了一个默认的struts.xml文件,但如果package、action、interceptors等配置比较多时,都放到一个struts.xml文件不太容易维护。因此,就需要将struts.xml文件分成多个配置文件,然后在struts.xml文件中使用<include>标签引用这些配置文件。这样做的优点如下:
结构更清晰,更容易维护配置信息。
配置文件可以复用。如果在多个Web
程序中都使用类似或相同的配置文件,那么可以使用<include>
标签来引用这些配置文件,这样可以减少工作量。
假设有一个配置文件,文件名为newstruts.xml
,代码如下:
<?
xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"
?>
<! DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd" >
< struts >
< package name ="demo" extends ="struts-default" >
< action name ="submit" class ="action.MoreSubmitAction" >
< result name ="save" >
/result.jsp
</ result >
< result name ="print" >
/result.jsp
</ result >
</ action >
</ package >
</ struts >
<! DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd" >
< struts >
< package name ="demo" extends ="struts-default" >
< action name ="submit" class ="action.MoreSubmitAction" >
< result name ="save" >
/result.jsp
</ result >
< result name ="print" >
/result.jsp
</ result >
</ action >
</ package >
</ struts >
则 struts.xml 引用 newstruts.xml 文件的代码如下:
<?
xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"
?>
<! DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd" >
< struts >
< include file ="newstruts.xml" />
< package name ="test" extends ="struts-default" >
</ package >
</ struts >
<! DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd" >
< struts >
< include file ="newstruts.xml" />
< package name ="test" extends ="struts-default" >
</ package >
</ struts >
大家要注意一下,用<include>
引用的xml
文件也必须是完成的struts2
的配置。实际上<include>
在引用时是单独解析的xml
文件,而不是将被引用的文件插入到struts.xml
文件中。
2.
action
的别名
<?
xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"
?>
<! DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd" >
< struts >
< package name ="demo" extends ="struts-default" >
< action name ="test" class ="action.MyAction" >
</ action >
< action name ="my" class ="action. MyAction" method ="my" >
</ action >
</ package >
</ struts >
<! DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd" >
< struts >
< package name ="demo" extends ="struts-default" >
< action name ="test" class ="action.MyAction" >
</ action >
< action name ="my" class ="action. MyAction" method ="my" >
</ action >
</ package >
</ struts >
上面代码的两个动作的class
属性都指向同一个类,name
为这个类起了两个动作别名:test
和my
。在动作my
中,使用了method
属性指定要要运行的方法名为my
。
在
MyAction
类中必须要有
my
方法,代码如下:
package
action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class MyAction extends ActionSupport
{
public String execute() throws Exception
{
// 处理test动作的代码
}
public String my() throws Exception
{
// 处理my动作的代码
}
}
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class MyAction extends ActionSupport
{
public String execute() throws Exception
{
// 处理test动作的代码
}
public String my() throws Exception
{
// 处理my动作的代码
}
}
除了在struts.xml
中配置别名,还可以通过请求参数来描述指定动作(并不需要在struts.xml
中配置)。请求参数的格式如下:
http://localhost:8080/contextPath/actionName!method.action
关于通过请求指定动作的详细内容,请参阅笔者写的《Struts2教程2:处理一个form多个submit》
。
3.
为action
指定参数
在struts2
中还可以为action
指定一个或多个参数。大家还记着struts1.x
是如何设置的action
参数不?
在struts1.x
中可以使用<action>
标签的parameter
属性为其指定一个action
参数,如果要指定多个,就只能通过逗号(,
)或其他的分隔符将不同的参数隔开。而在struts2
中可以通过<param>
标签指定任意多个参数。代码如下:
<
action
name
="submit"
class
="action.MyAction"
>
< param name ="param1" > value1 </ param >
< param name ="param2" > value2 </ param >
< result name ="save" >
/result.jsp
</ result >
</ action >
< param name ="param1" > value1 </ param >
< param name ="param2" > value2 </ param >
< result name ="save" >
/result.jsp
</ result >
</ action >
当然,在 action 中读这些参数也非常简单,只需要象获取请求参数一样在 action 类中定义相应的 setter 方法即可(一般不用定义 getter 方法)。如下面的代码将读取 param1 和 param2 参数的值:
package
action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class MyAction extends ActionSupport
{
private String param1;
private String param2;
public String execute() throws Exception
{
System.out.println(param1 + param2);
}
public void setParam1(String param1)
{
this .param1 = param1;
}
public void setParam2(String param2)
{
this .param2 = param2;
}
}
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class MyAction extends ActionSupport
{
private String param1;
private String param2;
public String execute() throws Exception
{
System.out.println(param1 + param2);
}
public void setParam1(String param1)
{
this .param1 = param1;
}
public void setParam2(String param2)
{
this .param2 = param2;
}
}
当struts2
在调用execute
之前,param1
和param2
的值就已经是相应参数的值了,因此,在execute
方法中可以直接使用param1
和param2
。
4.
选择result
类型
在默认时,<result>
标签的type
属性值是“dispatcher
”(实际上就是转发,forward
)。开发人员可以根据自己的需要指定不同的类型,如redirect
、stream
等。如下面代码所示:
<result name="save" type="redirect">
/result.jsp
</result>
这此result-type
可以在struts2-core-2.0.11.1.jar
包或struts2
源代码中的struts-default.xml
文件中找到,在这个文件中找到<result-types>
标签,所有的result-type
都在里面定义了。代码如下:
<
result-types
>
< result-type name ="chain" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionChainResult" />
< result-type name ="dispatcher" class ="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ServletDispatcherResult" default ="true" />
< result-type name ="freemarker" class ="org.apache.struts2.views.freemarker.FreemarkerResult" />
< result-type name ="httpheader" class ="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.HttpHeaderResult" />
< result-type name ="redirect" class ="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ServletRedirectResult" />
< result-type name ="redirectAction" class ="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ServletActionRedirectResult" />
< result-type name ="stream" class ="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.StreamResult" />
< result-type name ="velocity" class ="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.VelocityResult" />
< result-type name ="xslt" class ="org.apache.struts2.views.xslt.XSLTResult" />
< result-type name ="plainText" class ="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.PlainTextResult" />
<!-- Deprecated name form scheduled for removal in Struts 2.1.0. The camelCase versions are preferred. See ww-1707 -->
< result-type name ="redirect-action" class ="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ServletActionRedirectResult" />
< result-type name ="plaintext" class ="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.PlainTextResult" />
</ result-types >
< result-type name ="chain" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionChainResult" />
< result-type name ="dispatcher" class ="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ServletDispatcherResult" default ="true" />
< result-type name ="freemarker" class ="org.apache.struts2.views.freemarker.FreemarkerResult" />
< result-type name ="httpheader" class ="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.HttpHeaderResult" />
< result-type name ="redirect" class ="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ServletRedirectResult" />
< result-type name ="redirectAction" class ="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ServletActionRedirectResult" />
< result-type name ="stream" class ="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.StreamResult" />
< result-type name ="velocity" class ="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.VelocityResult" />
< result-type name ="xslt" class ="org.apache.struts2.views.xslt.XSLTResult" />
< result-type name ="plainText" class ="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.PlainTextResult" />
<!-- Deprecated name form scheduled for removal in Struts 2.1.0. The camelCase versions are preferred. See ww-1707 -->
< result-type name ="redirect-action" class ="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ServletActionRedirectResult" />
< result-type name ="plaintext" class ="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.PlainTextResult" />
</ result-types >
5.
全局result
有很多时候一个<result>
初很多<action>
使用,这时可以使用<global-results>
标签来定义全局的<result>
,代码如下:
<
struts
>
< package name ="demo" extends ="struts-default" >
< global-results >
< result name ="print" > /result.jsp </ result >
</ global-results >
< action name ="submit" class ="action.MoreSubmitAction" >
</ action >
< action name ="my" class ="action.MoreSubmitAction" method ="my" >
</ action >
</ package >
</ struts >
< package name ="demo" extends ="struts-default" >
< global-results >
< result name ="print" > /result.jsp </ result >
</ global-results >
< action name ="submit" class ="action.MoreSubmitAction" >
</ action >
< action name ="my" class ="action.MoreSubmitAction" method ="my" >
</ action >
</ package >
</ struts >
如果<action>中没有相应的<result>,Struts2就会使用全局的<result>。
本文转自 androidguy 51CTO博客,原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/androidguy/216509,如需转载请自行联系原作者