Python中文件操作可以通过open函数,这的确很像C语言中的fopen。通过open函数获取一个file object,然后调用read(),write()等方法对文件进行读写操作。
file_object
=
open(
'
thefile.txt
'
)
try
:
all_the_text
=
file_object.read( )
finally
:
file_object.close( )
注:不能把open语句放在try块里,因为当打开文件出现异常时,文件对象file_object无法执行close()方法。
input
=
open(
'
data
'
,
'
r
'
)
#
第二个参数默认为r
input
=
open(
'
data
'
)
input
=
open(
'
data
'
,
'
rb
'
)
file_object
=
open(
'
thefile.txt
'
)
try
:
all_the_text
=
file_object.read( )
finally
:
file_object.close( )
file_object
=
open(
'
abinfile
'
,
'
rb
'
)
try
:
while
True:
chunk
=
file_object.read(
100
)
if
not
chunk:
break
do_something_with(chunk)
finally
:
file_object.close( )
list_of_all_the_lines
=
file_object.readlines( )
如果文件是文本文件,还可以直接遍历文件对象获取每行:
for
line
in
file_object:
process line
output
=
open(
'
data
'
,
'
w
'
)
output
=
open(
'
data
'
,
'
wb
'
)
output
=
open(
'
data
'
,
'
w+
'
)
file_object
=
open(
'
thefile.txt
'
,
'
w
'
)
file_object.write(all_the_text)
file_object.close( )
file_object.writelines(list_of_text_strings)
1.open
使用open打开文件后一定要记得调用文件对象的close()方法。比如可以用try/finally语句来确保最后能关闭文件。![](https://ucc.alicdn.com/tnxtqnvkx4uei/developer-article347332/20241017/6c61a7f0c45943a58818326b0914ebec.gif)
![](https://ucc.alicdn.com/tnxtqnvkx4uei/developer-article347332/20241017/6c61a7f0c45943a58818326b0914ebec.gif)
![](https://ucc.alicdn.com/tnxtqnvkx4uei/developer-article347332/20241017/6c61a7f0c45943a58818326b0914ebec.gif)
![](https://ucc.alicdn.com/tnxtqnvkx4uei/developer-article347332/20241017/6c61a7f0c45943a58818326b0914ebec.gif)
![](https://ucc.alicdn.com/tnxtqnvkx4uei/developer-article347332/20241017/6c61a7f0c45943a58818326b0914ebec.gif)
注:不能把open语句放在try块里,因为当打开文件出现异常时,文件对象file_object无法执行close()方法。
2.读文件
读文本文件
![](https://ucc.alicdn.com/tnxtqnvkx4uei/developer-article347332/20241017/6c61a7f0c45943a58818326b0914ebec.gif)
![](https://ucc.alicdn.com/tnxtqnvkx4uei/developer-article347332/20241017/6c61a7f0c45943a58818326b0914ebec.gif)
![](https://ucc.alicdn.com/tnxtqnvkx4uei/developer-article347332/20241017/6c61a7f0c45943a58818326b0914ebec.gif)
读二进制文件
![](https://ucc.alicdn.com/tnxtqnvkx4uei/developer-article347332/20241017/6c61a7f0c45943a58818326b0914ebec.gif)
读取所有内容
![](https://ucc.alicdn.com/tnxtqnvkx4uei/developer-article347332/20241017/6c61a7f0c45943a58818326b0914ebec.gif)
![](https://ucc.alicdn.com/tnxtqnvkx4uei/developer-article347332/20241017/6c61a7f0c45943a58818326b0914ebec.gif)
![](https://ucc.alicdn.com/tnxtqnvkx4uei/developer-article347332/20241017/6c61a7f0c45943a58818326b0914ebec.gif)
![](https://ucc.alicdn.com/tnxtqnvkx4uei/developer-article347332/20241017/6c61a7f0c45943a58818326b0914ebec.gif)
![](https://ucc.alicdn.com/tnxtqnvkx4uei/developer-article347332/20241017/6c61a7f0c45943a58818326b0914ebec.gif)
读固定字节
![](https://ucc.alicdn.com/tnxtqnvkx4uei/developer-article347332/20241017/6c61a7f0c45943a58818326b0914ebec.gif)
![](https://ucc.alicdn.com/tnxtqnvkx4uei/developer-article347332/20241017/6c61a7f0c45943a58818326b0914ebec.gif)
![](https://ucc.alicdn.com/tnxtqnvkx4uei/developer-article347332/20241017/6c61a7f0c45943a58818326b0914ebec.gif)
![](https://ucc.alicdn.com/tnxtqnvkx4uei/developer-article347332/20241017/6c61a7f0c45943a58818326b0914ebec.gif)
![](https://ucc.alicdn.com/tnxtqnvkx4uei/developer-article347332/20241017/6c61a7f0c45943a58818326b0914ebec.gif)
![](https://ucc.alicdn.com/tnxtqnvkx4uei/developer-article347332/20241017/6c61a7f0c45943a58818326b0914ebec.gif)
![](https://ucc.alicdn.com/tnxtqnvkx4uei/developer-article347332/20241017/6c61a7f0c45943a58818326b0914ebec.gif)
![](https://ucc.alicdn.com/tnxtqnvkx4uei/developer-article347332/20241017/6c61a7f0c45943a58818326b0914ebec.gif)
![](https://ucc.alicdn.com/tnxtqnvkx4uei/developer-article347332/20241017/6c61a7f0c45943a58818326b0914ebec.gif)
读每行
![](https://ucc.alicdn.com/tnxtqnvkx4uei/developer-article347332/20241017/6c61a7f0c45943a58818326b0914ebec.gif)
如果文件是文本文件,还可以直接遍历文件对象获取每行:
![](https://ucc.alicdn.com/tnxtqnvkx4uei/developer-article347332/20241017/6c61a7f0c45943a58818326b0914ebec.gif)
![](https://ucc.alicdn.com/tnxtqnvkx4uei/developer-article347332/20241017/6c61a7f0c45943a58818326b0914ebec.gif)
3.写文件
写文本文件
![](https://ucc.alicdn.com/tnxtqnvkx4uei/developer-article347332/20241017/6c61a7f0c45943a58818326b0914ebec.gif)
写二进制文件
![](https://ucc.alicdn.com/tnxtqnvkx4uei/developer-article347332/20241017/6c61a7f0c45943a58818326b0914ebec.gif)
追加写文件
![](https://ucc.alicdn.com/tnxtqnvkx4uei/developer-article347332/20241017/6c61a7f0c45943a58818326b0914ebec.gif)
写数据
![](https://ucc.alicdn.com/tnxtqnvkx4uei/developer-article347332/20241017/6c61a7f0c45943a58818326b0914ebec.gif)
![](https://ucc.alicdn.com/tnxtqnvkx4uei/developer-article347332/20241017/6c61a7f0c45943a58818326b0914ebec.gif)
![](https://ucc.alicdn.com/tnxtqnvkx4uei/developer-article347332/20241017/6c61a7f0c45943a58818326b0914ebec.gif)
写入多行
![](https://ucc.alicdn.com/tnxtqnvkx4uei/developer-article347332/20241017/6c61a7f0c45943a58818326b0914ebec.gif)
注意,调用writelines写入多行在性能上会比使用write一次性写入要高。
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本文转自CoderZh博客园博客,原文链接:http://www.cnblogs.com/coderzh/archive/2008/05/10/1191410.html,如需转载请自行联系原作者