使用shell脚本实现对Oracle数据库的监控与管理将大大简化DBA的工作负担，如常见的对实例的监控，监听的监控，告警日志的监控，以及数据库的备份，AWR report的自动邮件等。本文给出Linux 下使用 shell 脚本来实现自动导入Oracle数据库。
Linux Shell以及导入导出的相关参考：
Linux/Unix shell 脚本中调用SQL,RMAN脚本
Linux/Unix shell sql 之间传递变量
Linux/Unix shell 调用 PL/SQL
Linux/Unix shell 监控Oracle实例(monitor instance)
Linux/Unix shell 监控Oracle监听器(monitor listener)
Linux/Unix shell 监控Oracle告警日志(monitor alter log file)
数据泵 EXPDP 导出工具的使用
数据泵IMPDP 导入工具的使用
导入导出 Oracle 分区表数据
expdp impdp中 exclude/include 的使用
使用 Oracle Datapump API 实现数据导出
1、Linux/Unix shell 自动导入Oracle数据库脚本
# +------------------------------------------------+
# | Import database by schema |
# | file_name: impdp.sh |
# | Parameter: Oracle_SID |
# | Usage: |
# | ./impdb.sh ${ORACLE_SID} |
# | Author : Robinson |
# | Blog : http://blog.csdn.net/robinson_0612 |
# +------------------------------------------------+
#
#!/bin/bash
# --------------------
# Define variable
# --------------------
if [ -f ~/.bash_profile ]; then
. ~/.bash_profile
fi
# --------------------------
# Check SID
# --------------------------
if [ -z "${1}" ];then
echo "Usage: "
echo " `basename $0` ORACLE_SID"
exit 1
fi
ORACLE_SID=$1; export ORACLE_SID
DT=`date +%Y%m%d`; export DT
SRC_ORA_SID=SY5221A export SRC_ORA_SID
TIMESTAMP=`date +%Y%m%d_%H%M`
LOG_DIR=/u02/database/${ORACLE_SID}/BNR/dump
LOG_FILE=$LOG_DIR/impdb_${ORACLE_SID}_${TIMESTAMP}.log
DUMP_DIR=/u02/database/${ORACLE_SID}/BNR/dump
TAR_FILE=EXP_${SRC_ORA_SID}_${DT}.tar.gz
DUMP_FILE=EXP_${SRC_ORA_SID}_${DT}.dmp
DUMP_LOG=IMP_${ORACLE_SID}_${DT}.log
LAST_EXP_DUMP_LOG=${DUMP_DIR}/EXP_${SRC_ORA_SID}_${DT}.log
RETENTION=1
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Check the target database status, if not available send mail and exit
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
db_stat=`ps -ef | grep pmon_$ORACLE_SID | grep -v grep| cut -f3 -d_`
if [ -z "${db_stat}" ]; then
MAIL_SUB=" $ORACLE_SID is not available on `hostname` before try to import data !!!"
# $MAIL_DIR/sendEmail -u $MAIL_SUB -f $MAIL_FM -t $MAIL_LIST -m $MAIL_SUB
echo ${MAIL_SUB} |mail -s " $ORACLE_SID is not available on `hostname` !!!" dba@trade.com
exit 1
fi
# ---------------------------------------------------
# Unzip the dump file
# ---------------------------------------------------
if [ -s "${DUMP_DIR}/$TAR_FILE" ] ; then
cd ${DUMP_DIR}
tar -xvf ${TAR_FILE}
else
MAIL_SUB="No dumpfile was found for ${ORACLE_SID} before import."
echo "No dumpfile was found for ${ORACLE_SID} before import."|mail -s $MAIL_SUB dba@trade.com
exit 1
fi
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Check dumpfile and export log file are correct, if no send mail and exit
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
date >${LOG_FILE}
echo "The hostname is :`hostname`">>$LOG_FILE
echo "The source database is :${SRC_ORA_SID}" >>${LOG_FILE}
echo "The target database is :${ORACLE_SID}">>$LOG_FILE
echo " " >>${LOG_FILE}
flag=`cat ${LAST_EXP_DUMP_LOG} | grep -i "successfully completed"`
if [ -n "${flag}" ] && [ -s "${DUMP_DIR}/${DUMP_FILE}" ] ; then
echo -e "The dumpfile exists and can be imported to ${ORACLE_SID} \n">>${LOG_FILE}
else
echo "The dumpfile does not exist or exist with errors on `hostname` before try to import data !!!" >>${LOG_FILE}
mail -s "The dumpfile does not exists or exist with errors for ${ORACLE_SID}" dba@trade.com <${LOG_FILE}
exit 1
fi
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Remove all objects for specific schema before import data, if error send mail and exit
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
echo -e "Prepare plsql script to remove all objects for specific schema....\n" >>$LOG_FILE
echo "
DECLARE
VERIFICATION VARCHAR2(200);
BEGIN
VERIFICATION := 'GOEX_ADMIN';
GOEX_ADMIN.GO_UTIL_DROP_SCHEMA_OBJECTS ( VERIFICATION );
COMMIT;
END;
/
exit ">/tmp/remove_obj.sql
if [ -s /tmp/remove_obj.sql ]; then
echo -e "Running pl/sql script to remove objects for specific schema... \n" >>${LOG_FILE}
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus -s "/ as sysdba" @/tmp/remove_obj.sql >/tmp/remove_obj_result.log
else
echo -e "No any plsql script found to remvoe objects. please remove them before import..." >>$LOG_FILE
MAIL_SUB="Import data to ${ORACLE_SID} error. Please remove objects for specific schema firstly"
mail -s $MAIL_SUB dba@trade.com <${LOG_FILE}
exit 1
fi
res=`cat /tmp/remove_obj_result.log | grep ORA- | grep -v grep`
if [ -n "${res}" ] ; then
echo -e "Some errors caught during remove object, ingore them. \n" >>${LOG_FILE}
fi
rm /tmp/remove_obj.sql >/dev/null
# ----------------------------------------------------------
# Start import data to target database
# ----------------------------------------------------------
echo -e "Starting import data to target database ...\n" >>${LOG_FILE}
impdp \'\/ as sysdba \' directory=db_dump_dir dumpfile=${DUMP_FILE} logfile=${DUMP_LOG} schemas=GOEX_ADMIN \
table_exists_action=replace #parallel=3
RC=$?
cat ${DUMP_DIR}/${DUMP_LOG}>>$LOG_FILE
if [ "${RC}" -ne 0 ]; then
echo -e " Some errors caught during import data. exit !!!! \n" >>$LOG_FILE
MAIL_SUB="Import data to ${ORACLE_SID} errors, exit, please check !!!"
mail -s $MAIL_SUB dba@trade.com <${LOG_FILE}
exit 1
fi
# ----------------------------------------------------------
# Compile invalid objects
# ----------------------------------------------------------
echo "">>${LOG_FILE}
echo -e "Starting compile invalid objects ....\n" >>$LOG_FILE
echo "
SET LINESIZE 145
SET PAGESIZE 9999
clear columns
clear breaks
clear computes
column owner format a25 heading 'Owner'
column object_name format a30 heading 'Object Name'
column object_type format a20 heading 'Object Type'
column status format a10 heading 'Status'
column object_name format a30 heading 'Object Name'
column object_type format a20 heading 'Object Type'
column status format a10 heading 'Status'
break on owner skip 2 on report
compute count label '' of object_name on owner
compute count label 'Grand Total: ' of object_name on report
spool /tmp/invalid_obj.log
SELECT
owner
, object_name
, object_type
, status
FROM dba_objects
WHERE status <> 'VALID'
ORDER BY owner, object_name
/
spool off;
exit ">/tmp/list_invalid_obj.sql
sqlplus -silent "/ as sysdba" <<EOF
@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql
@/tmp/list_invalid_obj.sql
EOF
echo -e "List all invalid objects \n" >>${LOG_FILE}
echo "------------------------------------------------------------">>${LOG_FILE}
cat /tmp/invalid_obj.log >>$LOG_FILE
flag=`cat ${DUMP_DIR}/${DUMP_LOG} | grep "completed with [0-9][0-9] error"`
if [ -z "${flag}" ] ; then
echo -e "Import data to ${ORACLE_SID} completed successful at `date` ...\n" >>${LOG_FILE}
echo "--------------------------- End of the log file ---------------------------">>${LOG_FILE}
MAIL_SUB="Import data to ${ORACLE_SID} completed successful on `hostname`."
mail -s $MAIL_SUB dba@trade.com <${LOG_FILE}
else
echo -e "Import data to ${ORACLE_SID} completed with some errors at `date`...\n" >>${LOG_FILE}
MAIL_SUB="Import data to ${ORACLE_SID} completed with some errors on `hostname`"
echo "--------------------------- End of the log file ---------------------------">>${LOG_FILE}
mail -s $MAIL_SUB dba@trade.com <${LOG_FILE}
fi
# ------------------------------------------------
# Removing files older than $RETENTION parameter
# ------------------------------------------------
find ${LOG_DIR} -name "impdb*.*" -mtime +$RETENTION -exec rm {} \;
find ${DUMP_DIR} -name "IMP*.*" -mtime +$RETENTION -exec rm {} \;
find ${DUMP_DIR} -name "EXP_${SRC_ORA_SID}*" -mtime +$RETENTION -exec rm {} \;
exit
2、移除schema所有对象的过程
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE GOEX_ADMIN."GO_UTIL_DROP_SCHEMA_OBJECTS" (verification VARCHAR2)
IS
CURSOR c1
IS
SELECT *
FROM (SELECT object_name, object_type, 1 AS grp
FROM user_objects
WHERE object_type IN
('PACKAGE',
'PROCEDURE',
'FUNCTION',
'TABLE',
'VIEW',
'TYPE',
'SEQUENCE'
)
AND object_name <> 'BO_SYS_DATAPUMP_PKG'
AND object_name <> 'GO_UTIL_DROP_SCHEMA_OBJECTS'
AND object_name <> 'SYS_BACKUP_PARAM_TBL'
UNION ALL
SELECT object_name, object_type, 2 AS grp
FROM user_objects
WHERE object_type IN ('TYPE')
AND object_name <> 'BO_SYS_DATAPUMP_PKG'
AND object_name <> 'GO_UTIL_DROP_SCHEMA_OBJECTS'
AND object_name <> 'SYS_BACKUP_PARAM_TBL')
ORDER BY grp,
CASE object_type
WHEN 'PACKAGE'
THEN 1
WHEN 'PROCEDURE'
THEN 2
WHEN 'FUNCTION'
THEN 3
WHEN 'VIEW'
THEN 4
ELSE 5
END;
objname VARCHAR2 (255);
objtype VARCHAR2 (255);
objgrp PLS_INTEGER;
verification_str CONSTANT VARCHAR2 (10) := 'GOEX_ADMIN';
BEGIN
IF verification = verification_str
THEN
OPEN c1;
LOOP
FETCH c1
INTO objname, objtype, objgrp;
EXIT WHEN c1%NOTFOUND;
BEGIN
NULL;
IF objtype = 'TABLE'
THEN
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'drop '
|| objtype
|| ' '
|| objname
|| ' cascade constraints purge';
ELSE
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'drop ' || objtype || ' ' || objname;
END IF;
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line ( objtype
|| ' - '
|| objname
|| ' dropped successfully'
);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS
THEN
NULL;
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line ( objtype
|| ' - '
|| objname
|| ' dropped failed - '
|| SQLERRM
);
END;
END LOOP;
CLOSE c1;
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line
('Failed to verify the operation, please input verification.');
END IF;
END;
/
3、补充说明
a、该shell脚本实现了基于schema的自动导入到指定的数据库，如果是导入整个数据库应作相应的修改
b、对于使用的dump文件的格式定义请参阅文章，Linux/Unix shell 自动导出Oracle数据库，本文描述的格式与导出时的定义相应
c、由于我们导出如导入的db不同，所以使用SRC_ORA_SID，ORACLE_SID则是导入目标数据库的SID
d、尝试导入前先判断数据库是否处于可用模式，并且在导入前先解压tar文件
e、导入schema之前，调用过程GO_UTIL_DROP_SCHEMA_OBJECTS移出指定schema的所有对象，以减少导入过程中的错误数
f、接下来导入整个schema，导入完毕后，编译无效对象，并将无效对象列出到日志文件后发送邮件
g、在第2点中，给出了移除整个schema的过程代码
h、可以将自动ftp dump 文件shell整合到该脚本，自动ftp dump文件请参考上一篇，Linux/Unix shell 自动 FTP 备份档案
i、注意shell脚本中的转移字符的使用，最后将其部署到crontab实现自动导入
4、更多参考
有关Oracle RAC请参考
使用crs_setperm修改RAC资源的所有者及权限
使用crs_profile管理RAC资源配置文件
RAC 数据库的启动与关闭
再说 Oracle RAC services
Services in Oracle Database 10g
Migrate datbase from single instance to Oracle RAC
Oracle RAC 连接到指定实例
Oracle RAC 负载均衡测试(结合服务器端与客户端)
Oracle RAC 服务器端连接负载均衡(Load Balance)
Oracle RAC 客户端连接负载均衡(Load Balance)
ORACLE RAC 下非缺省端口监听配置(listener.ora tnsnames.ora)
ORACLE RAC 监听配置 (listener.ora tnsnames.ora)
配置 RAC 负载均衡与故障转移
CRS-1006 , CRS-0215 故障一例
基于Linux (RHEL 5.5) 安装Oracle 10g RAC
使用 runcluvfy 校验Oracle RAC安装环境
有关Oracle 网络配置相关基础以及概念性的问题请参考：
配置非默认端口的动态服务注册
配置sqlnet.ora限制IP访问Oracle
Oracle 监听器日志配置与管理
设置 Oracle 监听器密码(LISTENER)
配置ORACLE 客户端连接到数据库
有关基于用户管理的备份和备份恢复的概念请参考
Oracle 冷备份
Oracle 热备份
Oracle 备份恢复概念
Oracle 实例恢复
Oracle 基于用户管理恢复的处理
SYSTEM 表空间管理及备份恢复
SYSAUX表空间管理及恢复
Oracle 基于备份控制文件的恢复(unsing backup controlfile)
有关RMAN的备份恢复与管理请参考
RMAN 概述及其体系结构
RMAN 配置、监控与管理
RMAN 备份详解
RMAN 还原与恢复
RMAN catalog 的创建和使用
基于catalog 创建RMAN存储脚本
基于catalog 的RMAN 备份与恢复
RMAN 备份路径困惑
使用RMAN实现异机备份恢复(WIN平台)
使用RMAN迁移文件系统数据库到ASM
linux 下RMAN备份shell脚本
使用RMAN迁移数据库到异机
有关ORACLE体系结构请参考
Oracle 表空间与数据文件
Oracle 密码文件
Oracle 参数文件
Oracle 联机重做日志文件(ONLINE LOG FILE)
Oracle 控制文件(CONTROLFILE)
Oracle 归档日志
Oracle 回滚(ROLLBACK)和撤销(UNDO)
Oracle 数据库实例启动关闭过程
Oracle 10g SGA 的自动化管理
Oracle 实例和Oracle数据库(Oracle体系结构)
