本调试过程基于STM32F429如下型号。
之前做项目用了正点原子的RTC例程,结果在应用的过程中就出问题了。
原子RTC的例程如下:
//RTC初始化 //返回值:0,初始化成功; // 2,进入初始化模式失败; u8 RTC_Init(void) { RTC_Handler.Instance=RTC; RTC_Handler.Init.HourFormat=RTC_HOURFORMAT_24;//RTC设置为24小时格式 RTC_Handler.Init.AsynchPrediv=0X7F; //RTC异步分频系数(1~0X7F) RTC_Handler.Init.SynchPrediv=0XFF; //RTC同步分频系数(0~7FFF) RTC_Handler.Init.OutPut=RTC_OUTPUT_DISABLE; RTC_Handler.Init.OutPutPolarity=RTC_OUTPUT_POLARITY_HIGH; RTC_Handler.Init.OutPutType=RTC_OUTPUT_TYPE_OPENDRAIN; if(HAL_RTC_Init(&RTC_Handler)!=HAL_OK) return 2; if(HAL_RTCEx_BKUPRead(&RTC_Handler,RTC_BKP_DR0)!=0X5050)//是否第一次配置 { RTC_Set_Time(23,59,56,RTC_HOURFORMAT12_PM); //设置时间 ,根据实际时间修改 RTC_Set_Date(15,12,27,7); //设置日期 HAL_RTCEx_BKUPWrite(&RTC_Handler,RTC_BKP_DR0,0X5050);//标记已经初始化过了 } return 0; } //RTC底层驱动,时钟配置 //此函数会被HAL_RTC_Init()调用 //hrtc:RTC句柄 void HAL_RTC_MspInit(RTC_HandleTypeDef* hrtc) { RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct; RCC_PeriphCLKInitTypeDef PeriphClkInitStruct; __HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();//使能电源时钟PWR HAL_PWR_EnableBkUpAccess();//取消备份区域写保护 RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType=RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_LSE;//LSE配置 RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState=RCC_PLL_NONE; RCC_OscInitStruct.LSEState=RCC_LSE_ON; //RTC使用LSE HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct); PeriphClkInitStruct.PeriphClockSelection=RCC_PERIPHCLK_RTC;//外设为RTC PeriphClkInitStruct.RTCClockSelection=RCC_RTCCLKSOURCE_LSE;//RTC时钟源为LSE HAL_RCCEx_PeriphCLKConfig(&PeriphClkInitStruct); __HAL_RCC_RTC_ENABLE();//RTC时钟使能 }
故障现象一、RTC设置日期和时间成功,按复位键读取刚刚设置的日期和时间也是成功的,但断电后时间就复位成原始值,也就是RTC_Init函数里下面这段默认的日期和时间
if(HAL_RTCEx_BKUPRead(&RTC_Handler,RTC_BKP_DR0)!=0X5050)//是否第一次配置 { RTC_Set_Time(23,59,56,RTC_HOURFORMAT12_PM); //设置时间 ,根据实际时间修改 RTC_Set_Date(15,12,27,7); //设置日期 HAL_RTCEx_BKUPWrite(&RTC_Handler,RTC_BKP_DR0,0X5050);//标记已经初始化过了 }
通过单步调试跟踪发现。
__IO uint32_t ret = 0 ; ret = HAL_RTCEx_BKUPRead(&RTC_Handler, RTC_BKP_DR0) ;
ret的返回值并不是已经标记过的值0x5050,于是查看手册关于RTC备份寄存器的说明:
问题定位:断电后再次读取的数值为0x0000 0000,而并不是我之前写入的0x5050,说明VBAT供电出现了问题,于是重新调整了电路,问题解决。
故障现象二、RTC设置日期和时间后,读取并不是设置后的日期和时间,而是设置之前的数值
单步调试跟踪发现问题出现在初始化的过程中,发生了硬件超时,此时发现,读出的ISR的值为0x80。
那咱们现在就要重点看看RTC_ISR这个寄存器了。
#define RTC_ISR_INITF ((uint32_t)0x00000040)
也就是说当访问该寄存器数值的时候,&上RTC_ISR_INITF值不能等于0,我们再继续往下看手册。
我们看到,当第6位为1时,RTC才为初始化状态,可ISR=0x80,明显第6位为0,也就是说RTC工作不正常了。
两个原因:
1、要不RTC坏了(机率太小,除非芯片内部出现故障了,因为这是内部RTC)
2、外部晶振出问题了。(机率很大)
于是更改代码,配置为内部RTC时钟:
//RTC底层驱动,时钟配置 //此函数会被HAL_RTC_Init()调用 //hrtc:RTC句柄 void HAL_RTC_MspInit(RTC_HandleTypeDef* hrtc) { RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct; RCC_PeriphCLKInitTypeDef PeriphClkInitStruct; __HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();//使能电源时钟PWR HAL_PWR_EnableBkUpAccess();//取消备份区域写保护 /* RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType=RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_LSE;//LSE配置 RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState=RCC_PLL_NONE; RCC_OscInitStruct.LSEState=RCC_LSE_ON; //RTC使用LSE */ //20190710 启用内部晶振 yangyuanxin RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_LSI; RCC_OscInitStruct.LSIState = RCC_LSI_ON; RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON; HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct); /* PeriphClkInitStruct.PeriphClockSelection=RCC_PERIPHCLK_RTC;//外设为RTC PeriphClkInitStruct.RTCClockSelection=RCC_RTCCLKSOURCE_LSE;//RTC时钟源为LSE */ PeriphClkInitStruct.PeriphClockSelection = RCC_PERIPHCLK_RTC; PeriphClkInitStruct.RTCClockSelection = RCC_RTCCLKSOURCE_LSI; HAL_RCCEx_PeriphCLKConfig(&PeriphClkInitStruct); __HAL_RCC_RTC_ENABLE();//RTC时钟使能 }
问题成功解决!
故障现象三、调用RTC设置日期和时间,在使用的过程中出现卡死现象
我调用的是HAL_RTC_GetTime来获取时间,调用HAL_RTC_GetDate来获取日期。
我调用API的顺序是:
HAL_RTC_GetDate(xxxxx); HAL_RTC_GetTime(xxxxx);
结果软件卡死,针对这问题我折腾了很久都找不出问题的根源,后来详细看了API上的注释说明。
1、获取当前的时间 HAL_RTC_GetTime
/** * @brief Gets RTC current time. * @param hrtc: pointer to a RTC_HandleTypeDef structure that contains * the configuration information for RTC. * @param sTime: Pointer to Time structure * @param Format: Specifies the format of the entered parameters. * This parameter can be one of the following values: * @arg RTC_FORMAT_BIN: Binary data format * @arg RTC_FORMAT_BCD: BCD data format * @note You can use SubSeconds and SecondFraction (sTime structure fields returned) to convert SubSeconds * value in second fraction ratio with time unit following generic formula: * Second fraction ratio * time_unit= [(SecondFraction-SubSeconds)/(SecondFraction+1)] * time_unit * This conversion can be performed only if no shift operation is pending (ie. SHFP=0) when PREDIV_S >= SS * @note You must call HAL_RTC_GetDate() after HAL_RTC_GetTime() to unlock the values * in the higher-order calendar shadow registers to ensure consistency between the time and date values. * Reading RTC current time locks the values in calendar shadow registers until current date is read. * @retval HAL status */ HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_RTC_GetTime(RTC_HandleTypeDef *hrtc, RTC_TimeTypeDef *sTime, uint32_t Format) { uint32_t tmpreg = 0; /* Check the parameters */ assert_param(IS_RTC_FORMAT(Format)); /* Get subseconds structure field from the corresponding register */ sTime->SubSeconds = (uint32_t)(hrtc->Instance->SSR); /* Get SecondFraction structure field from the corresponding register field*/ sTime->SecondFraction = (uint32_t)(hrtc->Instance->PRER & RTC_PRER_PREDIV_S); /* Get the TR register */ tmpreg = (uint32_t)(hrtc->Instance->TR & RTC_TR_RESERVED_MASK); /* Fill the structure fields with the read parameters */ sTime->Hours = (uint8_t)((tmpreg & (RTC_TR_HT | RTC_TR_HU)) >> 16); sTime->Minutes = (uint8_t)((tmpreg & (RTC_TR_MNT | RTC_TR_MNU)) >>8); sTime->Seconds = (uint8_t)(tmpreg & (RTC_TR_ST | RTC_TR_SU)); sTime->TimeFormat = (uint8_t)((tmpreg & (RTC_TR_PM)) >> 16); /* Check the input parameters format */ if(Format == RTC_FORMAT_BIN) { /* Convert the time structure parameters to Binary format */ sTime->Hours = (uint8_t)RTC_Bcd2ToByte(sTime->Hours); sTime->Minutes = (uint8_t)RTC_Bcd2ToByte(sTime->Minutes); sTime->Seconds = (uint8_t)RTC_Bcd2ToByte(sTime->Seconds); } return HAL_OK; }
2、获取当前的日期 HAL_RTC_GetDate
/** * @brief Gets RTC current date. * @param hrtc: pointer to a RTC_HandleTypeDef structure that contains * the configuration information for RTC. * @param sDate: Pointer to Date structure * @param Format: Specifies the format of the entered parameters. * This parameter can be one of the following values: * @arg RTC_FORMAT_BIN: Binary data format * @arg RTC_FORMAT_BCD: BCD data format * @note You must call HAL_RTC_GetDate() after HAL_RTC_GetTime() to unlock the values * in the higher-order calendar shadow registers to ensure consistency between the time and date values. * Reading RTC current time locks the values in calendar shadow registers until Current date is read. * @retval HAL status */ HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_RTC_GetDate(RTC_HandleTypeDef *hrtc, RTC_DateTypeDef *sDate, uint32_t Format) { uint32_t datetmpreg = 0; /* Check the parameters */ assert_param(IS_RTC_FORMAT(Format)); /* Get the DR register */ datetmpreg = (uint32_t)(hrtc->Instance->DR & RTC_DR_RESERVED_MASK); /* Fill the structure fields with the read parameters */ sDate->Year = (uint8_t)((datetmpreg & (RTC_DR_YT | RTC_DR_YU)) >> 16); sDate->Month = (uint8_t)((datetmpreg & (RTC_DR_MT | RTC_DR_MU)) >> 8); sDate->Date = (uint8_t)(datetmpreg & (RTC_DR_DT | RTC_DR_DU)); sDate->WeekDay = (uint8_t)((datetmpreg & (RTC_DR_WDU)) >> 13); /* Check the input parameters format */ if(Format == RTC_FORMAT_BIN) { /* Convert the date structure parameters to Binary format */ sDate->Year = (uint8_t)RTC_Bcd2ToByte(sDate->Year); sDate->Month = (uint8_t)RTC_Bcd2ToByte(sDate->Month); sDate->Date = (uint8_t)RTC_Bcd2ToByte(sDate->Date); } return HAL_OK; }
结果看到注释里note的这段英文:
@note You must call HAL_RTC_GetDate() after HAL_RTC_GetTime() to unlock the values
in the higher-order calendar shadow registers to ensure consistency between the time and date values.
Reading RTC current time locks the values in calendar shadow registers until Current date is read.
也就是说,调用顺序应该是先调用HAL_RTC_GetTime,再调用HAL_RTC_GetDate,否则不能解锁,即被锁死。
改一下获取日期和时间的顺序:
//获取日期和时间 int Get_Date_Time(void) { // //先调用GetTime,再调用GetDate,否则会发生锁死 if(HAL_OK == HAL_RTC_GetTime(&RTC_Handler, &RTC_TimeStruct, RTC_FORMAT_BIN) && HAL_OK == HAL_RTC_GetDate(&RTC_Handler, &RTC_DateStruct, RTC_FORMAT_BIN)) { current_init_time.year = RTC_DateStruct.Year + 2000; current_init_time.month = RTC_DateStruct.Month ; current_init_time.day = RTC_DateStruct.Date ; current_init_time.hour = RTC_TimeStruct.Hours ; current_init_time.minute = RTC_TimeStruct.Minutes ; return 0 ; } return -1 ; }
问题解决!
所以说,有时候我们口里念的年月日时分秒,也会在程序里,先获取日期,再获取时间,然而HAL库的规则恰恰是相反的,这一点要注意了,别被坑了。