函数 和 类：
>>> import time,datetime,calendar >>> time <module 'time' (built-in)> >>> datetime <module 'datetime' from 'D:\\Python\\lib\\datetime.py'> >>> calendar <module 'calendar' from 'D:\\Python\\lib\\calendar.py'> >>> dir(time) ['_STRUCT_TM_ITEMS', '__doc__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'altzone', 'asctime', 'ctime', 'daylight', 'get_clock_info', 'gmtime', 'localtime', 'mktime', 'monotonic', 'monotonic_ns', 'perf_counter', 'perf_counter_ns', 'process_time', 'process_time_ns', 'sleep', 'strftime', 'strptime', 'struct_time', 'thread_time', 'thread_time_ns', 'time', 'time_ns', 'timezone', 'tzname'] >>> >>> dir(datetime) ['MAXYEAR', 'MINYEAR', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'date', 'datetime', 'datetime_CAPI', 'sys', 'time', 'timedelta', 'timezone', 'tzinfo'] >>> >>> dir(calendar) ['Calendar', 'EPOCH', 'FRIDAY', 'February', 'HTMLCalendar', 'IllegalMonthError', 'IllegalWeekdayError', 'January', 'LocaleHTMLCalendar', 'LocaleTextCalendar', 'MONDAY', 'SATURDAY', 'SUNDAY', 'THURSDAY', 'TUESDAY', 'TextCalendar', 'WEDNESDAY', '_EPOCH_ORD', '__all__', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', '_colwidth', '_locale', '_localized_day', '_localized_month', '_monthlen', '_nextmonth', '_prevmonth', '_spacing', 'c', 'calendar', 'datetime', 'day_abbr', 'day_name', 'different_locale', 'error', 'firstweekday', 'format', 'formatstring', 'isleap', 'leapdays', 'main', 'mdays', 'month', 'month_abbr', 'month_name', 'monthcalendar', 'monthrange', 'prcal', 'prmonth', 'prweek', 'repeat', 'setfirstweekday', 'sys', 'timegm', 'week', 'weekday', 'weekheader'] >>>
文档说明：
>>> print(time.__doc__) time([hour[, minute[, second[, microsecond[, tzinfo]]]]]) --> a time object All arguments are optional. tzinfo may be None, or an instance of a tzinfo subclass. The remaining arguments may be ints. >>> print(datetime.__doc__) datetime(year, month, day[, hour[, minute[, second[, microsecond[,tzinfo]]]]]) The year, month and day arguments are required. tzinfo may be None, or an instance of a tzinfo subclass. The remaining arguments may be ints. >>> print(calendar.__doc__) Returns a year's calendar as a multi-line string.
time库帮助：
>>> import time >>> for i in [i for i in dir(time) if i[0]!='_']: print(i) help(eval('time.'+i)) print('='*80) altzone [Squeezed text (254 lines).] ================================================================================ asctime Help on built-in function asctime in module time: asctime(...) asctime([tuple]) -> string Convert a time tuple to a string, e.g. 'Sat Jun 06 16:26:11 1998'. When the time tuple is not present, current time as returned by localtime() is used. ================================================================================ ctime Help on built-in function ctime in module time: ctime(...) ctime(seconds) -> string Convert a time in seconds since the Epoch to a string in local time. This is equivalent to asctime(localtime(seconds)). When the time tuple is not present, current time as returned by localtime() is used. ================================================================================ daylight [Squeezed text (254 lines).] ================================================================================ get_clock_info Help on built-in function get_clock_info in module time: get_clock_info(...) get_clock_info(name: str) -> dict Get information of the specified clock. ================================================================================ gmtime Help on built-in function gmtime in module time: gmtime(...) gmtime([seconds]) -> (tm_year, tm_mon, tm_mday, tm_hour, tm_min, tm_sec, tm_wday, tm_yday, tm_isdst) Convert seconds since the Epoch to a time tuple expressing UTC (a.k.a. GMT). When 'seconds' is not passed in, convert the current time instead. If the platform supports the tm_gmtoff and tm_zone, they are available as attributes only. ================================================================================ localtime Help on built-in function localtime in module time: localtime(...) localtime([seconds]) -> (tm_year,tm_mon,tm_mday,tm_hour,tm_min, tm_sec,tm_wday,tm_yday,tm_isdst) Convert seconds since the Epoch to a time tuple expressing local time. When 'seconds' is not passed in, convert the current time instead. ================================================================================ mktime Help on built-in function mktime in module time: mktime(...) mktime(tuple) -> floating point number Convert a time tuple in local time to seconds since the Epoch. Note that mktime(gmtime(0)) will not generally return zero for most time zones; instead the returned value will either be equal to that of the timezone or altzone attributes on the time module. ================================================================================ monotonic Help on built-in function monotonic in module time: monotonic(...) monotonic() -> float Monotonic clock, cannot go backward. ================================================================================ monotonic_ns Help on built-in function monotonic_ns in module time: monotonic_ns(...) monotonic_ns() -> int Monotonic clock, cannot go backward, as nanoseconds. ================================================================================ perf_counter Help on built-in function perf_counter in module time: perf_counter(...) perf_counter() -> float Performance counter for benchmarking. ================================================================================ perf_counter_ns Help on built-in function perf_counter_ns in module time: perf_counter_ns(...) perf_counter_ns() -> int Performance counter for benchmarking as nanoseconds. ================================================================================ process_time Help on built-in function process_time in module time: process_time(...) process_time() -> float Process time for profiling: sum of the kernel and user-space CPU time. ================================================================================ process_time_ns Help on built-in function process_time_ns in module time: process_time_ns(...) process_time() -> int Process time for profiling as nanoseconds: sum of the kernel and user-space CPU time. ================================================================================ sleep Help on built-in function sleep in module time: sleep(...) sleep(seconds) Delay execution for a given number of seconds. The argument may be a floating point number for subsecond precision. ================================================================================ strftime Help on built-in function strftime in module time: strftime(...) strftime(format[, tuple]) -> string Convert a time tuple to a string according to a format specification. See the library reference manual for formatting codes. When the time tuple is not present, current time as returned by localtime() is used. Commonly used format codes: %Y Year with century as a decimal number. %m Month as a decimal number [01,12]. %d Day of the month as a decimal number [01,31]. %H Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number [00,23]. %M Minute as a decimal number [00,59]. %S Second as a decimal number [00,61]. %z Time zone offset from UTC. %a Locale's abbreviated weekday name. %A Locale's full weekday name. %b Locale's abbreviated month name. %B Locale's full month name. %c Locale's appropriate date and time representation. %I Hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number [01,12]. %p Locale's equivalent of either AM or PM. Other codes may be available on your platform. See documentation for the C library strftime function. ================================================================================ strptime Help on built-in function strptime in module time: strptime(...) strptime(string, format) -> struct_time Parse a string to a time tuple according to a format specification. See the library reference manual for formatting codes (same as strftime()). Commonly used format codes: %Y Year with century as a decimal number. %m Month as a decimal number [01,12]. %d Day of the month as a decimal number [01,31]. %H Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number [00,23]. %M Minute as a decimal number [00,59]. %S Second as a decimal number [00,61]. %z Time zone offset from UTC. %a Locale's abbreviated weekday name. %A Locale's full weekday name. %b Locale's abbreviated month name. %B Locale's full month name. %c Locale's appropriate date and time representation. %I Hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number [01,12]. %p Locale's equivalent of either AM or PM. Other codes may be available on your platform. See documentation for the C library strftime function. ================================================================================ struct_time [Squeezed text (135 lines).] ================================================================================ thread_time Help on built-in function thread_time in module time: thread_time(...) thread_time() -> float Thread time for profiling: sum of the kernel and user-space CPU time. ================================================================================ thread_time_ns Help on built-in function thread_time_ns in module time: thread_time_ns(...) thread_time() -> int Thread time for profiling as nanoseconds: sum of the kernel and user-space CPU time. ================================================================================ time Help on built-in function time in module time: time(...) time() -> floating point number Return the current time in seconds since the Epoch. Fractions of a second may be present if the system clock provides them. ================================================================================ time_ns Help on built-in function time_ns in module time: time_ns(...) time_ns() -> int Return the current time in nanoseconds since the Epoch. ================================================================================ timezone [Squeezed text (254 lines).] ================================================================================ tzname [Squeezed text (81 lines).] ================================================================================
datetime库帮助：
>>> import datetime >>> for i in [i for i in dir(datetime) if i[0]>'a']: print(i) help(eval('datetime.'+i)) print('='*80) date [Squeezed text (133 lines).] =============================================================================== datetime [Squeezed text (215 lines).] =============================================================================== datetime_CAPI Help on PyCapsule object: class PyCapsule(object) | Capsule objects let you wrap a C "void *" pointer in a Python | object. They're a way of passing data through the Python interpreter | without creating your own custom type. | | Capsules are used for communication between extension modules. | They provide a way for an extension module to export a C interface | to other extension modules, so that extension modules can use the | Python import mechanism to link to one another. | | Methods defined here: | | __repr__(self, /) | Return repr(self). =============================================================================== sys [Squeezed text (360 lines).] =============================================================================== time [Squeezed text (106 lines).] =============================================================================== timedelta [Squeezed text (129 lines).] =============================================================================== timezone [Squeezed text (78 lines).] =============================================================================== tzinfo Help on class tzinfo in module datetime: class tzinfo(builtins.object) | Abstract base class for time zone info objects. | | Methods defined here: | | __getattribute__(self, name, /) | Return getattr(self, name). | | __reduce__(...) | -> (cls, state) | | dst(...) | datetime -> DST offset as timedelta positive east of UTC. | | fromutc(...) | datetime in UTC -> datetime in local time. | | tzname(...) | datetime -> string name of time zone. | | utcoffset(...) | datetime -> timedelta showing offset from UTC, negative values indicating West of UTC | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | Static methods defined here: | | __new__(*args, **kwargs) from builtins.type | Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. =============================================================================== >>>
calendar库帮助：
>>> import calendar >>> for i in [i for i in dir(calendar) if (i[0])>='a']: print(i) help(eval('calendar.'+i)) print('='*80) c [Squeezed text (121 lines).] ================================================================================ calendar Help on method formatyear in module calendar: formatyear(theyear, w=2, l=1, c=6, m=3) method of calendar.TextCalendar instance Returns a year's calendar as a multi-line string. ================================================================================ datetime [Squeezed text (707 lines).] ================================================================================ day_abbr Help on _localized_day in module calendar object: class _localized_day(builtins.object) | _localized_day(format) | | Methods defined here: | | __getitem__(self, i) | | __init__(self, format) | Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature. | | __len__(self) | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | Data descriptors defined here: | | __dict__ | dictionary for instance variables (if defined) | | __weakref__ | list of weak references to the object (if defined) ================================================================================ day_name Help on _localized_day in module calendar object: class _localized_day(builtins.object) | _localized_day(format) | | Methods defined here: | | __getitem__(self, i) | | __init__(self, format) | Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature. | | __len__(self) | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | Data descriptors defined here: | | __dict__ | dictionary for instance variables (if defined) | | __weakref__ | list of weak references to the object (if defined) ================================================================================ different_locale Help on class different_locale in module calendar: class different_locale(builtins.object) | different_locale(locale) | | Methods defined here: | | __enter__(self) | | __exit__(self, *args) | | __init__(self, locale) | Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature. | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | Data descriptors defined here: | | __dict__ | dictionary for instance variables (if defined) | | __weakref__ | list of weak references to the object (if defined) ================================================================================ error [Squeezed text (68 lines).] ================================================================================ firstweekday Help on method getfirstweekday in module calendar: getfirstweekday() method of calendar.TextCalendar instance ================================================================================ format Help on function format in module calendar: format(cols, colwidth=20, spacing=6) Prints multi-column formatting for year calendars ================================================================================ formatstring Help on function formatstring in module calendar: formatstring(cols, colwidth=20, spacing=6) Returns a string formatted from n strings, centered within n columns. ================================================================================ isleap Help on function isleap in module calendar: isleap(year) Return True for leap years, False for non-leap years. ================================================================================ leapdays Help on function leapdays in module calendar: leapdays(y1, y2) Return number of leap years in range [y1, y2). Assume y1 <= y2. ================================================================================ main Help on function main in module calendar: main(args) ================================================================================ mdays [Squeezed text (135 lines).] ================================================================================ month Help on method formatmonth in module calendar: formatmonth(theyear, themonth, w=0, l=0) method of calendar.TextCalendar instance Return a month's calendar string (multi-line). ================================================================================ month_abbr Help on _localized_month in module calendar object: class _localized_month(builtins.object) | _localized_month(format) | | Methods defined here: | | __getitem__(self, i) | | __init__(self, format) | Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature. | | __len__(self) | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | Data descriptors defined here: | | __dict__ | dictionary for instance variables (if defined) | | __weakref__ | list of weak references to the object (if defined) ================================================================================ month_name Help on _localized_month in module calendar object: class _localized_month(builtins.object) | _localized_month(format) | | Methods defined here: | | __getitem__(self, i) | | __init__(self, format) | Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature. | | __len__(self) | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | Data descriptors defined here: | | __dict__ | dictionary for instance variables (if defined) | | __weakref__ | list of weak references to the object (if defined) ================================================================================ monthcalendar Help on method monthdayscalendar in module calendar: monthdayscalendar(year, month) method of calendar.TextCalendar instance Return a matrix representing a month's calendar. Each row represents a week; days outside this month are zero. ================================================================================ monthrange Help on function monthrange in module calendar: monthrange(year, month) Return weekday (0-6 ~ Mon-Sun) and number of days (28-31) for year, month. ================================================================================ prcal Help on method pryear in module calendar: pryear(theyear, w=0, l=0, c=6, m=3) method of calendar.TextCalendar instance Print a year's calendar. ================================================================================ prmonth Help on method prmonth in module calendar: prmonth(theyear, themonth, w=0, l=0) method of calendar.TextCalendar instance Print a month's calendar. ================================================================================ prweek Help on method prweek in module calendar: prweek(theweek, width) method of calendar.TextCalendar instance Print a single week (no newline). ================================================================================ repeat Help on class repeat in module itertools: class repeat(builtins.object) | repeat(object [,times]) -> create an iterator which returns the object | for the specified number of times. If not specified, returns the object | endlessly. | | Methods defined here: | | __getattribute__(self, name, /) | Return getattr(self, name). | | __iter__(self, /) | Implement iter(self). | | __length_hint__(...) | Private method returning an estimate of len(list(it)). | | __next__(self, /) | Implement next(self). | | __reduce__(...) | Return state information for pickling. | | __repr__(self, /) | Return repr(self). | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | Static methods defined here: | | __new__(*args, **kwargs) from builtins.type | Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. ================================================================================ setfirstweekday Help on function setfirstweekday in module calendar: setfirstweekday(firstweekday) ================================================================================ sys [Squeezed text (358 lines).] ================================================================================ timegm Help on function timegm in module calendar: timegm(tuple) Unrelated but handy function to calculate Unix timestamp from GMT. ================================================================================ week Help on method formatweek in module calendar: formatweek(theweek, width) method of calendar.TextCalendar instance Returns a single week in a string (no newline). ================================================================================ weekday Help on function weekday in module calendar: weekday(year, month, day) Return weekday (0-6 ~ Mon-Sun) for year, month (1-12), day (1-31). ================================================================================ weekheader Help on method formatweekheader in module calendar: formatweekheader(width) method of calendar.TextCalendar instance Return a header for a week. ================================================================================ >>>
