1 安装oracle-database-preinstall包
使用rpm安装Oracle 19c 之前需要安装oracle-database-preinstall包，这个包完成了以前安装时需要手动执行的准备工作，包括以下几项：
自动下载安装grid和数据库安装需要的软件包。
创建oracle用户和oinstall、dba组
设置sysctl.conf、系统启动参数和驱动器参数
设置软硬资源限制
根据内核版本设置其它参数
Linux x86_64 机器上再核心中设置numa=off
在安装这个preinstall包时，遇到了依赖错误。
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-3.el7.x86_64.rpmwarning: oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-3.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEY error: Failed dependencies: compat-libcap1 is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-3.el7.x86_64 glibc-devel is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-3.el7.x86_64 ksh is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-3.el7.x86_64 libaio-devel is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-3.el7.x86_64 libstdc++-devel is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-3.el7.x86_64 nfs-utils is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-3.el7.x86_64 psmisc is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-3.el7.x86_64 xorg-x11-utils is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-3.el7.x86_64 xorg-x11-xauth is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-3.el7.x86_64
安装以下上面列出的依赖包
[root@localhost ~]# yum install compat-libcap1 glibc-devel libaio-devel libstdc++-devel nfs-utils psmisc xorg-x11-utils xorg-x11-xauthInstalled: compat-libcap1.x86_64 0:1.10-7.el7 glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.17-326.el7_9 libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7 libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.8.5-44.el7 nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.68.el7.2 psmisc.x86_64 0:22.20-17.el7 xorg-x11-utils.x86_64 0:7.5-23.el7 xorg-x11-xauth.x86_64 1:1.0.9-1.el7 Dependency Installed: glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.17-326.el7_9 gssproxy.x86_64 0:0.7.0-30.el7_9 kernel-headers.x86_64 0:3.10.0-1160.83.1.el7 keyutils.x86_64 0:1.5.8-3.el7 libICE.x86_64 0:1.0.9-9.el7 libSM.x86_64 0:1.2.2-2.el7 libX11.x86_64 0:1.6.7-4.el7_9 libX11-common.noarch 0:1.6.7-4.el7_9 libXau.x86_64 0:1.0.8-2.1.el7 libXext.x86_64 0:1.3.3-3.el7 libXi.x86_64 0:1.7.9-1.el7 libXinerama.x86_64 0:1.1.3-2.1.el7 libXmu.x86_64 0:1.1.2-2.el7 libXrandr.x86_64 0:1.5.1-2.el7 libXrender.x86_64 0:0.9.10-1.el7 libXt.x86_64 0:1.1.5-3.el7 libXtst.x86_64 0:1.2.3-1.el7 libXv.x86_64 0:1.0.11-1.el7 libXxf86dga.x86_64 0:1.1.4-2.1.el7 libXxf86misc.x86_64 0:1.0.3-7.1.el7 libXxf86vm.x86_64 0:1.1.4-1.el7 libbasicobjects.x86_64 0:0.1.1-32.el7 libcollection.x86_64 0:0.7.0-32.el7 libdmx.x86_64 0:1.1.3-3.el7 libevent.x86_64 0:2.0.21-4.el7 libini_config.x86_64 0:1.3.1-32.el7 libnfsidmap.x86_64 0:0.25-19.el7 libpath_utils.x86_64 0:0.2.1-32.el7 libref_array.x86_64 0:0.1.5-32.el7 libverto-libevent.x86_64 0:0.2.5-4.el7 libxcb.x86_64 0:1.13-1.el7 Dependency Updated: glibc.x86_64 0:2.17-326.el7_9 glibc-common.x86_64 0:2.17-326.el7_9 Complete!
再次安装preinstall包
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-3.el7.x86_64.rpm warning: oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-3.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEYerror: Failed dependencies: ksh is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-3.el7.x86_64
ksh这个依赖包可以不装的，装一下也可以
[root@localhost ~]# yum install kshInstalled: ksh.x86_64 0:20120801-144.el7_9 Complete!
再次安装
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-3.el7.x86_64.rpmwarning: oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-3.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEY Preparing... ################################# [100%]Updating / installing... 1:oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.################################# [100%]
检查以下包安装以后的效果
[root@localhost ~]# sysctl -p fs.file-max =6815744 kernel.sem =25032000100128 kernel.shmmni =4096 kernel.shmall =1073741824 kernel.shmmax =4398046511104 kernel.panic_on_oops =1 net.core.rmem_default =262144 net.core.rmem_max =4194304 net.core.wmem_default =262144 net.core.wmem_max =1048576 net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter =2 net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter =2 fs.aio-max-nr =1048576 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range =900065500
sysctl参数已经更改并且生效，看一下sysctl.conf文件的内容
[root@localhost etc]# cat sysctl.conf# sysctl settings are defined through files in# /usr/lib/sysctl.d/, /run/sysctl.d/, and /etc/sysctl.d/.## Vendors settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/.# To override a whole file, create a new file with the same in# /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there. To override# only specific settings, add a file with a lexically later# name in /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there.## For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for fs.file-max is 6815744 fs.file-max =6815744# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for kernel.sem is '250 32000 100 128' kernel.sem =25032000100128# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for kernel.shmmni is 4096 kernel.shmmni =4096# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for kernel.shmall is 1073741824 on x86_64 kernel.shmall =1073741824# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for kernel.shmmax is 4398046511104 on x86_64 kernel.shmmax =4398046511104# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for kernel.panic_on_oops is 1 per Orabug 19212317 kernel.panic_on_oops =1# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for net.core.rmem_default is 262144 net.core.rmem_default =262144# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for net.core.rmem_max is 4194304 net.core.rmem_max =4194304# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for net.core.wmem_default is 262144 net.core.wmem_default =262144# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for net.core.wmem_max is 1048576 net.core.wmem_max =1048576# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter is 2 net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter =2# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter is 2 net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter =2# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for fs.aio-max-nr is 1048576 fs.aio-max-nr =1048576# oracle-database-preinstall-19c setting for net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range is 9000 65500 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range =900065500
oracle-database-preinstall-19c设置的值都有注释
2 使用rpm包安装数据库
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm warning: oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEY Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1:oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1 ################################# [100%] [INFO] Executing post installation scripts... [INFO] Oracle home installed successfully and ready to be configured. To configure a sample Oracle Database you can execute the following service configuration script as root: /etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c configure
安装后提示创建实例数据库的命令，运行这条命令可以创建一个示例数据库
[root@localhost init.d]# pwd/etc/init.d [root@localhost init.d]# ./oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c configureConfiguring Oracle Database ORCLCDB. Prepare for db operation 8% complete Copying database files 31% complete Creating and starting Oracle instance 32% complete 36% complete 40% complete 43% complete 46% complete Completing Database Creation 51% complete 54% complete Creating Pluggable Databases 58% complete 77% complete Executing Post Configuration Actions 100% complete Database creation complete. For details check the logfiles at: /opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ORCLCDB. Database Information: Global Database Name:ORCLCDB System Identifier(SID):ORCLCDB Look at the log file "/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ORCLCDB/ORCLCDB.log"for further details. Database configuration completed successfully. The passwords were auto generated, you must change them by connecting to the database using 'sqlplus / as sysdba' as the oracle user.
3 登录创建的示例数据库
登陆前需要设置以下oracle的环境变量，主要是下面三个
[oracle@localhost ~]$ exportORACLE_SID=ORCLCDB [oracle@localhost ~]$ exportORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1 ##这里不能加反斜线[oracle@localhost ~]$ exportPATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
设置完之后就可以登录数据库了
[oracle@localhost dbhome_1]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Fri Jan 2722:06:13 2023Version 19.3.0.0.0 Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production Version 19.3.0.0.0 SQL> show pdbs CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED ------------------------------------------------------------2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO 3 ORCLPDB1 READ WRITE NO
可以看出，这个示例数据库是容器数据库。
4 创建非容器数据库
Oracle 19c rpm安装后配置的示例数据库是容器数据库，大部分系统中使用的还是以前的非容器数据库。在安装完rpm包后，可以使用dbca根据自己的需要创建数据库了，创建之前，先删除已经创建的示例数据库。
[root@localhost init.d]# ./oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c delete Detecting existing Listeners... Deleting Oracle Listener.... Detecting existing Oracle Databases... Deleting Oracle Database ORCLCDB. [WARNING] [DBT-19202] The Database Configuration Assistant will delete the Oracle instances and datafiles for your database. All information in the database will be destroyed. Prepare for db operation 32% complete Connecting to database 35% complete 39% complete 42% complete 45% complete 48% complete 52% complete 65% complete Updating network configuration files 68% complete Deleting instance and datafiles 84% complete 100% complete Database deletion completed. Look at the log file "/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ORCLCDB/ORCLCDB0.log"for further details.
编辑一个响应文件，响应文件里大部分参数都有默认值，这里使用的响应文件如下
[oracle@dbserver ~]$ cat dbca.rsp ################################################################################ #### DBCA response file #### ------------------ #### Copyright(c) Oracle Corporation 1998,2019. All rights reserved. #### #### Specify values for the variables listed below to customize #### your installation. #### #### Each variable is associated with a comment. The comment #### can help to populate the variables with the appropriate #### values. #### #### IMPORTANT NOTE: This file contains plain text passwords and #### should be secured to have read permission only by oracle user #### or db administrator who owns this installation. #################################################################################-------------------------------------------------------------------------------# Do not change the following system generated value.#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------responseFileVersion=/oracle/assistants/rspfmt_dbca_response_schema_v19.0.0 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------# Name : gdbName# Datatype : String# Description : Global database name of the database# Valid values : <db_name>.<db_domain> - when database domain isn't NULL# <db_name> - when database domain is NULL# Default value : None# Mandatory : Yes#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------gdbName=ORCL templateName=/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/assistants/dbca/templates/General_Purpose.dbc sysPassword=system123 systemPassword=system123 datafileDestination=characterSet=UTF8
使用dbca创建数据库
[oracle@dbserver ~]$ dbca-silent-createDatabase-responseFile /home/oracle/dbca.rsp [WARNING] [DBT-06208] The 'SYS' password entered does not conform to the Oracle recommended standards. CAUSE: a. Oracle recommends that the password entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9]. b.The password entered is a keyword that Oracle does not recommend to be used as password ACTION: Specify a strong password. If required refer Oracle documentation for guidelines. [WARNING] [DBT-06208] The 'SYSTEM' password entered does not conform to the Oracle recommended standards. CAUSE: a. Oracle recommends that the password entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9]. b.The password entered is a keyword that Oracle does not recommend to be used as password ACTION: Specify a strong password. If required refer Oracle documentation for guidelines. Prepare for db operation 10% complete Copying database files 40% complete Creating and starting Oracle instance 42% complete 46% complete 50% complete 54% complete 60% complete Completing Database Creation 66% complete 69% complete 70% complete Executing Post Configuration Actions 100% complete Database creation complete. For details check the logfiles at: /opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ORCL. Database Information: Global Database Name:ORCL System Identifier(SID):ORCL Look at the log file "/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ORCL/ORCL.log"for further details.
数据库创建成功后，设置以下oracle用户的环境变量就可以登录了。
