pwd:print work directory 打印当前目录 显示出当前工作目录的绝对路径
ps: process status(进程状态，类似于windows的任务管理器)
常用参数：－auxf
ps -auxf 显示进程状态
df: disk free 其功能是显示磁盘可用空间数目信息及空间结点信息。换句话说，就是报告在任何安装的设备或目录中，还剩多少自由的空间。
du: Disk usage
rpm：即RedHat Package Management，是RedHat的发明之一
rmdir：Remove Directory（删除目录）
rm：Remove（删除目录或文件）
cat: concatenate 连锁
cat file1file2>>file3 把文件1和文件2的内容联合起来放到file3中
insmod: install module,载入模块
ln -s : link -soft 创建一个软链接，相当于创建一个快捷方式
mkdir：Make Directory(创建目录)
touch
man: Manual
su：Swith user(切换用户)
cd：Change directory
ls：List files
ps：Process Status
mkdir：Make directory
rmdir：Remove directory
mkfs: Make file system
fsck：File system check
uname: Unix name
lsmod: List modules
mv: Move file
rm: Remove file
cp: Copy file
ln: Link files
fg: Foreground
bg: Background
chown: Change owner
chgrp: Change group
chmod: Change mode
umount: Unmount
dd: 本来应根据其功能描述“Convert an copy”命名为“cc”，但“cc”已经被用以代表“CComplier”，所以命名为“dd”
tar：Tape archive （磁带档案）
ldd：List dynamic dependencies
insmod：Install module
rmmod：Remove module
lsmod：List module
文件结尾的"rc"（如.bashrc、.xinitrc等）：Resource configuration
Knnxxx /Snnxxx（位于rcx.d目录下）：K（Kill）；S(Service)；
nn（执行顺序号）；xxx（服务标识）
.a（扩展名a）：Archive，static library
.so（扩展名so）：Shared object，dynamically linked library
.o（扩展名o）：Object file，complied result of C/C++ source file
RPM：Red hat package manager
dpkg：Debian package manager
apt：Advanced package tool（Debian或基于Debian的发行版中提供）
部分Linux命令缩写
bin=Binaries (二进制文件)
/dev=Devices (设备)
/etc=Etcetera (等等)
/lib=LIBrary
/proc=Processes
/sbin=Superuser Binaries (超级用户的二进制文件)
/tmp=Temporary (临时)
/usr=Unix Shared Resources
/var=Variable (变量)
FIFO=First In, First Out
GRUB=GRand Unified Bootloader
IFS=Internal Field Seperators
LILO=LInux LOader
MySQL=My 是最初作者女儿的名字，
SQL=Structured QueryLanguage
PHP=Personal Home Page Tools=PHP HypertextPreprocessor
PS=Prompt String
Perl="Pratical Extraction and Report Language"(实际的抽取和报告语言)="Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister"
Python 得名于电视剧Monty Python's Flying Circus
Tcl=Tool Command Language
Tk=ToolKit
VT=Video Terminal
YaST=Yet Another Setup Tool
apache="a patchy" server
apt=Advanced Packaging Tool
ar=archiver
as=assembler
awk="Aho Weiberger and Kernighan"二手域名出售平台三个作者的姓的第一个字母
bash=Bourne Again SHell
bc=Basic (Better) Calculator
bg=BackGround
biff=作者HeidiStettner在U.C.Berkely养的一条狗,喜欢对邮递员汪汪叫。
cal=Calendar (日历)
cat=Catenate (链接)
cd=Change Directory
chgrp=Change Group
chmod=Change Mode
chown=Change Owner
chsh=Change Shell
cmp=compare
cobra=Common Object Request BrokerArchitecture
comm=common
cp=Copy
cpio=CoPy In and Out
cpp=C Pre Processor
cron=Chronos 希腊文时间
cups=Common Unix Printing System
cvs=Current Version System
daemon=Disk And Execution MONitor
dc=Desk Calculator
dd=Disk Dump (磁盘转储)
df=Disk Free
diff=Difference
dmesg=diagnostic message
du=Disk Usage
ed=editor
egrep=Extended GREP
elf=Extensible Linking Format
elm=ELectronic Mail
emacs=Editor MACroS
eval=EVALuate
ex=EXtended
exec=EXECute (执行)
fd=file descriptors
fg=ForeGround
fgrep=Fixed GREP
fmt=format
fsck=File System ChecK
fstab=FileSystem TABle
fvwm=F* Virtual Window Manager
gawk=GNU AWK
gpg=GNU Privacy Guard
groff=GNU troff
hal=Hardware Abstraction Layer
joe=Joe's Own Editor
ksh=Korn SHell
lame=Lame Ain't an MP3 Encoder
lex=LEXical analyser
lisp=LISt Processing=Lots of IrritatingSuperfluous Parentheses
ln=Link
lpr=Line PRint
ls=list
lsof=LiSt Open Files
m4=Macro processor Version 4
man=MANual pages
mawk=Mike Brennan's AWK
mc=Midnight Commander
mkfs=MaKe FileSystem
mknod=Make Node
motd=Message of The Day
mozilla=MOsaic GodZILLa
mtab=Mount TABle
mv=Move
nano=Nano's ANOther editor
nawk=New AWK
nl=Number of Lines
nm=names
nohup=No HangUP
nroff=New ROFF
od=Octal Dump
passwd=Passwd
pg=pager
pico=PIne's message COmposition editor
pine="Program for Internet News &Email"="Pine is not Elm"
ping=拟声 又=Packet Internet Grouper
pirntcap=PRINTer CAPability
popd=POP Directory
pr=pre
printf=Print Formatted
ps=Processes Status
pty=pseudo tty
pushd=PUSH Directory
pwd=Print Working Directory
rc=runcom=run command, rc还是plan9的shell
rev=REVerse
rm=ReMove
rn=Read News
roff=RunOFF
rpm=RPM Package Manager=RedHat PackageManager
rsh, rlogin, rvim中的
r=Remote
rxvt=ouR XVT
seamoneky=我
sed=Stream Editor
seq=SEQuence
shar=Shell ARchive
slrn=S-Lang rn
ssh=Secure Shell
ssl=Secure Sockets Layer
stty=Set TTY
su=Substitute User
svn=SubVersion
tar=Tape ARchive
tcsh=TENEX C shell
tee=T (T形水管接口)
telnet=TEminaL over Network
termcap=terminal capability
terminfo=terminal information
tex=τ?χνη的缩写，希腊文art
tr=traslate
troff=Typesetter new ROFF
tsort=Topological SORT
tty=TeleTypewriter
twm=Tom's Window Manager
tz=TimeZone
udev=Userspace DEV
ulimit=User's LIMIT
umask=User's MASK
uniq=UNIQue
i=VIsual=Very Inconvenient
vim=Vi IMproved
wall=write all
wc=Word Count
wine=WINE Is Not an Emulator
xargs=eXtended ARGuments
xdm=X Display Manager
xlfd=X Logical Font Description
xmms=X Multimedia System
xrdb=X Resources DataBase
xwd=X Window Dump
yacc=yet another compiler compiler
Fish=the Friendly Interactive SHell
su=Switch User
MIME=Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
ECMA=European Computer ManufacturersAssociation
