Spring BOOT ( 基于Kotlin 编程语言) 使用 Spring WebFlux 实现响应式编程
The original web framework included in the Spring Framework, Spring Web MVC, was purpose built for the Servlet API and Servlet containers. The reactive stack, web framework, Spring WebFlux, was added later in version 5.0. It is fully non-blocking, supports
Reactive Streams
back pressure, and runs on servers such as Netty, Undertow, and Servlet 3.1+ containers.
Both web frameworks mirror the names of their source modules
spring-webmvcand
spring-webflux
and co-exist side by side in the Spring Framework. Each module is optional. Applications may use one or the other module, or in some cases both — e.g. Spring MVC controllers with the reactiveWebClient.
The Spring WebFlux Framework
Spring WebFlux is the new reactive web framework introduced in Spring Framework 5.0. Unlike Spring MVC, it does not require the Servlet API, is fully asynchronous and non-blocking, and implements the Reactive Streams specification through the Reactor project.
Spring WebFlux comes in two flavors: functional and annotation-based. The annotation-based one is quite close to the Spring MVC model we know, as shown in the following example:
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/users")
public class MyRestController {
@GetMapping("/{user}")
public Mono<User> getUser(@PathVariable Long user) {
// ...
}
@GetMapping("/{user}/customers")
Flux<Customer> getUserCustomers(@PathVariable Long user) {
// ...
}
@DeleteMapping("/{user}")
public Mono<User> deleteUser(@PathVariable Long user) {
// ...
}
}
‘WebFlux.fn’, the functional variant, separates the routing configuration from the actual handling of the requests, as shown in the following example:
@Configuration
public class RoutingConfiguration {
@Bean
public RouterFunction<ServerResponse> monoRouterFunction(UserHandler userHandler) {
return route(GET("/{user}").and(accept(APPLICATION_JSON)), userHandler::getUser)
.andRoute(GET("/{user}/customers").and(accept(APPLICATION_JSON)), userHandler::getUserCustomers)
.andRoute(DELETE("/{user}").and(accept(APPLICATION_JSON)), userHandler::deleteUser);
}
}
@Component
public class UserHandler {
public Mono<ServerResponse> getUser(ServerRequest request) {
// ...
}
public Mono<ServerResponse> getUserCustomers(ServerRequest request) {
// ...
}
public Mono<ServerResponse> deleteUser(ServerRequest request) {
// ...
}
}
WebFlux is part of the Spring Framework. and detailed information is available in its reference documentation.
To get started, add the spring-boot-starter-webflux module to your application.
[Note]
Adding both spring-boot-starter-web and spring-boot-starter-webflux modules in your application results in Spring Boot auto-configuring Spring MVC, not WebFlux. This behavior has been chosen because many Spring developers add spring-boot-starter-webflux to their Spring MVC application to use the reactive WebCLient. You can still enforce your choice by setting the chosen application type to SpringApplication.setWebApplicationType(WebApplicationType.REACTIVE).
创建一个简单的 UserRepository 和 User DTO 类用来从列表中获取用户数据。这只是一个假的 Bean，在实际过程中你可以从包括关系数据库、MongoDB 或者是 RestClient 获取数据。
不过需要注意的是，今天我们所用的这些 JDBC 驱动并不是自然支持 Reactive 风格编程的。所有任何对数据库的调用都将导致线程的堵塞。而 MongoDB 提供一个 Reactive 的客户端驱动程序。
