1. 背景
* 在生产环境下，安全总是无法忽视的问题，数据库安全则是重中之重，因为所有的数据都存放在数据库中
* 当使用非加密方式连接MySQL数据库时，在网络中传输的所有信息都是明文的，可以被网络中所有人截取，敏感信息可能被泄露。在传送敏感信息（如密码）时，可以采用SSL连接的方式。
2. MySQL 连接方式
* socket连接
* TCP非SSL连接
* SSL安全连接
3. SSL 简介
* SSL指的是SSL/TLS，其是一种为了在计算机网络进行安全通信的加密协议。假设用户的传输不是通过SSL的方式，那么其在网络中以明文的方式进行传输，而这给别有用心的人带来了可乘之机。所以，现在很多网站其实默认已经开启了SSL功能，比如Facebook、Twtter、YouTube、淘宝等。
4. 环境 [ 关闭SeLinux ]
* system 环境
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[root@MySQL ~]
# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.9 (Final)
[root@MySQL ~]
# uname -r
2.6.32-696.3.2.el6.x86_64
[root@MySQL ~]
# getenforce
Disabled
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* MySQL 环境 [ MySQL 5.6安装前面篇章已做详细介绍 ]
have_openssl 与 have_ssl 值都为DISABLED表示ssl未开启
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[root@MySQL mysql]
# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection
id
is 3
Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and
/or
its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and
/or
its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type
'help;'
or
'\h'
for
help. Type
'\c'
to
clear
the current input statement.
mysql>
select
version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 5.6.36 |
+-----------+
1 row
in
set
(0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like
'have%ssl%'
;
+---------------+----------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+----------+
| have_openssl | DISABLED |
| have_ssl | DISABLED |
+---------------+----------+
2 rows
in
set
(0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like
'port'
;
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| port | 3306 |
+---------------+-------+
1 row
in
set
(0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like
'datadir'
;
+---------------+-------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------------------+
| datadir |
/data/mysql_data/
|
+---------------+-------------------+
1 row
in
set
(0.00 sec)
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5. 通过openssl 制作生成 SSL 证书
* 生成一个 CA 私钥
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[root@MySQL ~]
# openssl genrsa 2048 > ca-key.pem
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
.............................+++
....................+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
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* 通过 CA 私钥生成数字证书
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[root@MySQL ~]
# openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -days 3600 \
> -key ca-key.pem -out ca.pem
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter
'.'
, the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:
State or Province Name (full name) []:
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's
hostname
) []:
Email Address []:
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* 创建 MySQL 服务器 私钥和请求证书
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[root@MySQL ~]
# openssl req -newkey rsa:2048 -days 3600 \
> -nodes -keyout server-key.pem -out server-req.pem
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
.................................+++
.......................................................+++
writing new private key to
'server-key.pem'
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter
'.'
, the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:
State or Province Name (full name) []:
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's
hostname
) []:
Email Address []:
Please enter the following
'extra'
attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:
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* 将生成的私钥转换为 RSA 私钥文件格式
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[root@MySQL ~]
# openssl rsa -in server-key.pem -out server-key.pem
writing RSA key
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* 用CA 证书来生成一个服务器端的数字证书
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[root@MySQL ~]
# openssl x509 -req -in server-req.pem -days 3600 \
> -CA ca.pem -CAkey ca-key.pem -set_serial 01 -out server-cert.pem
Signature ok
subject=
/C
=XX
/L
=Default City
/O
=Default Company Ltd
Getting CA Private Key
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* 创建客户端的 RSA 私钥和数字证书
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[root@MySQL ~]
# openssl req -newkey rsa:2048 -days 3600 \
> -nodes -keyout client-key.pem -out client-req.pem
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
..........................................................+++
.................+++
writing new private key to
'client-key.pem'
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter
'.'
, the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:
State or Province Name (full name) []:
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's
hostname
) []:
Email Address []:
Please enter the following
'extra'
attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:
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* 将生成的私钥转换为 RSA 私钥文件格式
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[root@MySQL ~]
# openssl rsa -in client-key.pem -out client-key.pem
writing RSA key
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* 用CA 证书来生成一个客户端的数字证书
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[root@MySQL ~]
# openssl x509 -req -in client-req.pem -days 3600 \
> -CA ca.pem -CAkey ca-key.pem -set_serial 01 -out client-cert.pem
Signature ok
subject=
/C
=XX
/L
=Default City
/O
=Default Company Ltd
Getting CA Private Key
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* 查看所有生成的SSL文件
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[root@MySQL ~]
# ls -l *.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1675 Jun 24 14:16 ca-key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1220 Jun 24 14:19 ca.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1090 Jun 24 14:29 client-cert.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1679 Jun 24 14:28 client-key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 952 Jun 24 14:28 client-req.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1090 Jun 24 14:24 server-cert.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1679 Jun 24 14:23 server-key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 952 Jun 24 14:20 server-req.pem
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6. MySQL 配置启动 SSL
* 复制 CA 证书和服务端SSL文件至MySQL 数据目录
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[root@MySQL ~]
# cp ca.pem server-*.pem /data/mysql_data -v
`ca.pem
' -> `/data/mysql_data/ca.pem'
`server-cert.pem
' -> `/data/mysql_data/server-cert.pem'
`server-key.pem
' -> `/data/mysql_data/server-key.pem'
`server-req.pem
' -> `/data/mysql_data/server-req.pem'
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* 修改 MySQL 数据目录的CA 证书和服务端 SSL 文件所属用户与组
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[root@MySQL ~]
# chown -v mysql.mysql /data/mysql_data/{ca,server*}.pem
changed ownership of `
/data/mysql_data/ca
.pem' to mysql:mysql
changed ownership of `
/data/mysql_data/server-cert
.pem' to mysql:mysql
changed ownership of `
/data/mysql_data/server-key
.pem' to mysql:mysql
changed ownership of `
/data/mysql_data/server-req
.pem' to mysql:mysql
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* 配置 MySQL 服务的配置文件 [/etc/my.cnf]
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[mysqld]
ssl-ca=
/data/mysql_data/ca
.pem
ssl-cert=
/data/mysql_data/server-cert
.pem
ssl-key=
/data/mysql_data/server-key
.pem
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* 重启MySQL服务
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[root@MySQL ~]
# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
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* 登陆查看SSL开启状态
have_openssl 与 have_ssl 值都为YES表示ssl开启成功
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mysql> show variables like
'have%ssl%'
;
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| have_openssl | YES |
| have_ssl | YES |
+---------------+-------+
2 rows
in
set
(0.01 sec)
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6. SSL连接测试
* 创建用户并指定 SSL 连接
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mysql> grant all on *.* to
'ssl_test'
@
'%'
identified by
'123'
require SSL;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
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* 通过密码连接测试
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[root@MySQL ~]
# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -ussl_test -p'123'
Warning: Using a password on the
command
line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied
for
user
'ssl_test'
@
'192.168.60.129'
(using password: YES)
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* 通过客户端密钥与证书SSL + 密码连接测试
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[root@MySQL ~]
# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -ussl_test --ssl-cert=client-cert.pem --ssl-key=client-key.pem
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection
id
is 9
Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and
/or
its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and
/or
its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type
'help;'
or
'\h'
for
help. Type
'\c'
to
clear
the current input statement.
mysql> \s
--------------
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.6.36,
for
linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
Connection
id
: 20
Current database:
Current user: ssl_test@192.168.60.129
SSL: Cipher
in
use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile:
''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version: 10
Connection: 192.168.60.129 via TCP
/IP
Server characterset: latin1
Db characterset: latin1
Client characterset: utf8
Conn. characterset: utf8
TCP port: 3306
Uptime: 16 min 38 sec
Threads: 1 Questions: 35 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 67 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 60 Queries per second avg: 0.035
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7. 总结
以需求驱动技术，技术本身没有优略之分，只有业务之分。
本文转自asd1123509133 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/lisea/1942216，如需转载请自行联系原作者
