本文介绍了 Netty 超时机制的原理,以及如何在连接闲置时发送一个心跳来维持连接。
Netty 超时机制的介绍
Netty 的超时类型 IdleState 主要分为:
- ALL_IDLE : 一段时间内没有数据接收或者发送
- READER_IDLE : 一段时间内没有数据接收
- WRITER_IDLE : 一段时间内没有数据发送
在 Netty 的 timeout 包下,主要类有:
- IdleStateEvent : 超时的事件
- IdleStateHandler : 超时状态处理
- ReadTimeoutHandler : 读超时状态处理
- WriteTimeoutHandler : 写超时状态处理
其中 IdleStateHandler 包含了读\写超时状态处理,比如
private static final int READ_IDEL_TIME_OUT = 4; // 读超时 private static final int WRITE_IDEL_TIME_OUT = 5;// 写超时 private static final int ALL_IDEL_TIME_OUT = 7; // 所有超时 new IdleStateHandler(READ_IDEL_TIME_OUT, WRITE_IDEL_TIME_OUT, ALL_IDEL_TIME_OUT, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
上述例子,在 IdleStateHandler 中定义了读超时的时间是 4 秒, 写超时的时间是 5 秒,其他所有的超时时间是 7 秒。
应用 IdleStateHandler
既然 IdleStateHandler 包括了读\写超时状态处理,那么很多时候 ReadTimeoutHandler 、 WriteTimeoutHandler 都可以不用使用。定义另一个名为 HeartbeatHandlerInitializer 的 ChannelInitializer :
public class HeartbeatHandlerInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<Channel> { private static final int READ_IDEL_TIME_OUT = 4; // 读超时 private static final int WRITE_IDEL_TIME_OUT = 5;// 写超时 private static final int ALL_IDEL_TIME_OUT = 7; // 所有超时 @Override protected void initChannel(Channel ch) throws Exception { ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline(); pipeline.addLast(new IdleStateHandler(READ_IDEL_TIME_OUT, WRITE_IDEL_TIME_OUT, ALL_IDEL_TIME_OUT, TimeUnit.SECONDS)); // 1 pipeline.addLast(new HeartbeatServerHandler()); // 2 } }
- 使用了 IdleStateHandler ,分别设置了读、写超时的时间
- 定义了一个 HeartbeatServerHandler 处理器,用来处理超时时,发送心跳
定义了一个心跳处理器
public class HeartbeatServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter { // Return a unreleasable view on the given ByteBuf // which will just ignore release and retain calls. private static final ByteBuf HEARTBEAT_SEQUENCE = Unpooled .unreleasableBuffer(Unpooled.copiedBuffer("Heartbeat", CharsetUtil.UTF_8)); // 1 @Override public void userEventTriggered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object evt) throws Exception { if (evt instanceof IdleStateEvent) { // 2 IdleStateEvent event = (IdleStateEvent) evt; String type = ""; if (event.state() == IdleState.READER_IDLE) { type = "read idle"; } else if (event.state() == IdleState.WRITER_IDLE) { type = "write idle"; } else if (event.state() == IdleState.ALL_IDLE) { type = "all idle"; } ctx.writeAndFlush(HEARTBEAT_SEQUENCE.duplicate()).addListener( ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE_ON_FAILURE); // 3 System.out.println( ctx.channel().remoteAddress()+"超时类型:" + type); } else { super.userEventTriggered(ctx, evt); } } }
- 定义了心跳时,要发送的内容
- 判断是否是 IdleStateEvent 事件,是则处理
- 将心跳内容发送给客户端
服务器
服务器代码比较简单,启动后侦听 8082 端口
public final class HeartbeatServer { static final int PORT = 8082; public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { // Configure the server. EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1); EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); try { ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap(); b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup) .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 100) .handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO)) .childHandler(new HeartbeatHandlerInitializer()); // Start the server. ChannelFuture f = b.bind(PORT).sync(); // Wait until the server socket is closed. f.channel().closeFuture().sync(); } finally { // Shut down all event loops to terminate all threads. bossGroup.shutdownGracefully(); workerGroup.shutdownGracefully(); } } }
客户端测试
客户端用操作系统自带的 Telnet 程序即可:
telnet 127.0.0.1 8082
效果
转自http://waylau.com/netty-time-out-and-heartbeat/?utm_source=tuicool&utm_medium=referral
作者:Bonker 出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/Bonker QQ:519841366 |