[MYSQL]mysql常用操作命令

Mysql三种不同的启动方法：

service mysqld start/stop/restart                //启动、关闭与重启mysql

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql.server start          //启动mysql

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=msyql &  //启动mysql

mysql -uroot -p                                  //登陆mysql

mysqladmin -uroot password 'elain'              //设置mysql的root的密码

mysqladmin -uroot -p'elain' password 'elain' //修改root的密码

登陆mysql

show databases;                                   //查看所有数据库

create database elain;                           //建一个名为'elain'的数据库

drop database elain;                             //删除名为'elain'的数据库

use elain;                                       //连接'elain'数据库

select database();                                 //查看当前连接的数据库

show tables;                                       查看当前数据库的表

grant all privileges on bbs.*to elain@localhost identified by 'elain';
//给用户elain管理bbs数据库的所有权限，密码为elain。

select user,host from mysql.user;                   //查看mysql的用户

drop user'root'@'mysql';                            //删除mysql上root用户

drop user''@'mysql';                                //删除mysql上空用户

drop user''@'localhost';                            //删除主机上空用户

use elain;
create table aaa(
id int(4)not null primary key auto_increment,
name char(20)not null);                             //在elain库里，创建aaa的表

desc aaa;                                           //查看aaa的表结构

show columns from aaa;                               //查看aaa的表结构(同上)

show create table aaa G                             //查看建表的语句

insert into aaa(name) values('elain');              //插入数据

INSERT INTO `aaa` VALUES (1,'user1'),(2,'user2'),(3,'user2');  //批量插入数据

select * from aaa;                                   //查看aaa表

truncate table aaa;                                   //清空aaa表

select * from aaa order by id limit 0,2;              //查询表aaa的前两行

select * from aaa limit 2;                            //同上

delete from aaa where id=1;                            //删除id等于的行

update aaa set name='admin'where id=2;                 //把id=2的name改为admin

alter table aaa add sex int(4);                        //给表aaa添加一个性别的字段

alter table aaa add age int(4)default'20';             //添加年龄字段,并设置初始为20

rename table aaa to bbb;                               //更改表名

drop table bbb;                                        //删除表

alter table aaa add column c_n column attributes;      //添加列

alter table aaa drop column c_n;                       //删除列

alter table c_table add index (c_n1,c_n2);
alter table c_table add unique index_name(c_n);
alter table c_table add primary key(sid);               //创建索引

alter table c_table drop index c_n1;                    //删除索引

alter  table t_table change c_1 c_1 varchar(200);
alter table t_table modify 1 c_1 varchar(200);          //更改列信息

mysql数据库的备份与恢复
-------------------------------------
mysqldump -uroot -p'elain' elain >elain.sql          //普通备份

mysqldump -uroot -p'elain' elain |gzip >elain.sql.gz   //压缩备份

mysqldump -uroot -p'elain' --default-character-set=latin1 elain |gzip >elain.sql.gz
//设置字符集压缩备份

mysqldump -uroot -p'elain' --default-character-set=latin1 -B bbs blog |gzip >www.sql.gz                                                 //备份多个库

mysqldump -uroot -p elain elain >elain_elain.sql        //备份单个表

mysqldump -uroot －d -p elain elain >elain_elain.sql    //备份单个表（只备份表结构）

source /tmp/elain.sql                                       //source命令恢复
注：此命令需要登录的mysql里

mysql -uroot -p'elain' elain<elain.sql                   //mysql命令恢复

grant all on *.* to 'root'@'10.0.0.22' identified by 'admin';

stop slave; set global sql_slave_skip_counter=1; slave start;    //跳过不同步