系统环境：
操作系统：RedHat EL6
DB Soft： Mysql 5.6.4-m7
Mysql 在linux下的安装方式有两种版本，一种为Binary（二进制），另外一种为Source（源码包），本文为Source Install方式。
1、安装前的准备
解压安装包
[oracle@ogg ~]$ ls
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mysql-5.6.4-m7 mysql-5.6.4-m7.tar.gz mysql-5.6.4-m7.tar.zip ogg oradiag_oracle Readme--?+?.htm
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[oracle@ogg ~]$ cd mysql-5.6.4-m7
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[oracle@ogg mysql-5.6.4-m7]$ ls
BUILD CMakeLists.txt COPYING extra libmysql mysql-test README sql-bench support-files vio
BUILD-CMAKE cmd-line-utils dbug include libmysqld mysys regex sql-common tests win
client config.h.cmake Docs INSTALL-SOURCE libservices packaging scripts storage unittest zlib
cmake configure.cmake Doxyfile-perfschema INSTALL-WIN-SOURCE man plugin sql strings VERSION
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[oracle@ogg mysql-5.6.4-m7]$ tar zxvf mysql-5.6.4-m7.tar.gz
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mysql-5.6.4-m7/mysql-test/lib/My/SafeProcess/
mysql-5.6.4-m7/mysql-test/lib/My/SafeProcess/safe_process.cc
mysql-5.6.4-m7/mysql-test/lib/My/SafeProcess/safe_kill_win.cc
mysql-5.6.4-m7/mysql-test/lib/My/SafeProcess/safe_process_win.cc
mysql-5.6.4-m7/mysql-test/lib/My/SafeProcess/Base.pm
mysql-5.6.4-m7/mysql-test/lib/My/SafeProcess/CMakeLists.txt
……
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查看官方安装文档：INSTALL-SOURCE
To install and use a MySQL binary distribution, the basic command
sequence looks like this:
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shell> groupadd mysql
shell> useradd -r -g mysql mysql
shell> cd /usr/local
shell> tar zxvf /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz
shell> ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysql
shell> cd mysql
shell> chown -R mysql .
shell> chgrp -R mysql .
shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
shell> chown -R root .
shell> chown -R mysql data
# Next command is optional
shell> cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
# Next command is optional
shell> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server
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For example, with a compressed tar file source distribution on Unix, the basic installation command
sequence looks like this:
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# Preconfiguration setup
shell> groupadd mysql
shell> useradd -r -g mysql mysql
# Beginning of source-build specific instructions
shell> tar zxvf mysql-VERSION.tar.gz
shell> cd mysql-VERSION
shell> cmake .
shell> make
shell> make install
# End of source-build specific instructions
# Postinstallation setup
shell> cd /usr/local/mysql
shell> chown -R mysql .
shell> chgrp -R mysql .
shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
shell> chown -R root .
shell> chown -R mysql data
# Next command is optional
shell> cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
# Next command is optional
shell> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server
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2、准备源码安装所需要的工具和库文件（RedHat 安装光盘）
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[root@ogg ~]# rpm -qa |grep make
automake-1.11.1-1.2.el6.noarch
make-3.81-19.el6.i686
[root@ogg ~]# rpm -qa |grep bison
bison-2.4.1-5.el6.i686
[root@ogg ~]# rpm -qa |grep gcc
gcc-c++-4.4.4-13.el6.i686
libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6.i686
gcc-4.4.4-13.el6.i686
gcc-gfortran-4.4.4-13.el6.i686
compat-libgcc-296-2.96-144.el6.i686
[root@ogg ~]# rpm -qa |grep cmake
[root@ogg ~]# rpm -qa |grep ncur
ncurses-base-5.7-3.20090208.el6.i686
ncurses-libs-5.7-3.20090208.el6.i686
ncurses-5.7-3.20090208.el6.i686
ncurses-devel-5.7-3.20090208.el6.i686
挂载RedHat安装光盘
[root@ogg ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /media/
mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-
protected
, mounting read-only
[root@ogg ~]# cd /media/
[root@ogg media]# cd Server/
[root@ogg Server]# ls
Packages repodata TRANS.TBL
[root@ogg Server]# cd Packages/
[root@ogg Packages]# ls |grep make
automake-1.11.1-1.2.el6.noarch.rpm
cmake-2.6.4-5.el6.i686.rpm
imake-1.0.2-11.el6.i686.rpm
make-3.81-19.el6.i686.rpm
makebootfat-1.4-10.el6.i686.rpm
pacemaker-1.1.2-7.el6.i686.rpm
pacemaker-libs-1.1.2-7.el6.i686.rpm
安装cmake
[root@ogg Packages]# rpm -ivh /media/Server/Packages/cmake-2.6.4-5.el6.i686.rpm
warning: /media/Server/Packages/cmake-2.6.4-5.el6.i686.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:cmake ########################################### [100%]
[root@ogg Packages]#
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3、源码安装，检测编译环境
[root@ogg mysql-5.6.4-m7]# cmake ./
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-- The C compiler identification is GNU
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU
-- Check
for
working C compiler: /usr/bin/gcc
-- Check
for
working C compiler: /usr/bin/gcc -- works
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check
for
working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++
-- Check
for
working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Looking
for
SHM_HUGETLB
-- Looking
for
SHM_HUGETLB - found
-- MySQL 5.6.4-m7
-- Looking
for
sys/types.h
-- Looking
for
sys/types.h - found
-- Looking
for
stdint.h
-- Looking
for
stdint.h - found
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......
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-- Performing Test HAVE_IB_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS
-- Performing Test HAVE_IB_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_IB_ATOMIC_PTHREAD_T_GCC
-- Performing Test HAVE_IB_ATOMIC_PTHREAD_T_GCC - Success
-- Check size of pthread_t
-- Check size of pthread_t - done
-- Performing Test HAVE_PEERCRED
-- Performing Test HAVE_PEERCRED - Success
-- Googletest was not found. gtest-based unit tests will be disabled. You can run cmake . -DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1 to automatically download and build required components from source.
-- If you are inside a firewall, you may need to use an http proxy: export http_proxy=http:
//foo.bar.com:80
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /home/oracle/mysql-5.6.4-m7
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可以指定一下参数：
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# -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \ #安装路径
# -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \ #数据文件存放位置
# -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \ #my.cnf路径
# -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ #支持MyIASM引擎
# -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ #支持InnoDB引擎
# -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ #支持Memory引擎
# -DWITH_READLINE=1 \ #快捷键功能(我没用过)
# -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysqld.sock \ #连接数据库socket路径
# -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \ #端口
# -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \ #允许从本地导入数据
# -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ #安装支持数据库分区
# -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \ #安装所有的字符集
# -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \ #默认字符
# -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci
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4、编译
[root@ogg mysql-5.6.4-m7]# make
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Scanning dependencies of target INFO_BIN
[ 0%] Built target INFO_BIN
Scanning dependencies of target INFO_SRC
[ 0%] Built target INFO_SRC
Scanning dependencies of target abi_check
[ 0%] Built target abi_check
[ 1%] Generating common.h
[ 1%] Generating help.c
[ 1%] Generating help.h
[ 1%] Generating vi.h
[ 1%] Generating emacs.h
[ 1%] Generating fcns.c
[ 1%] Generating fcns.h
Scanning dependencies of target edit
......
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5、安装
[root@ogg mysql-5.6.4-m7]# make install
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-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/mysql-test/./extra/rpl_tests/rpl_row_sp003.test
-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/mysql-test/./extra/rpl_tests/rpl_mts_crash_safe.inc
-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/mysql-test/./extra/rpl_tests/rpl_stm_EE_err2.test
-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/mysql-test/./extra/rpl_tests/rpl_ndb_apply_status.test
-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/mysql-test/./extra/rpl_tests/rpl_mixing_engines.test
-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/mysql-test/./extra/rpl_tests/rpl_extra_col_slave.test
-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/mysql-test/./extra/rpl_tests/type_conversions.test
-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/mysql-test/./extra/rpl_tests/rpl_row_func003.test
-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/mysql-test/./extra/rpl_tests/rpl_row_sp002.test
......
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@至此，mysql安装完成！
6、数据库配置
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初始化数据库
[root
@ogg
mysql]#cd /usr/local/mysql
[root
@ogg
mysql]# ls
bin COPYING data docs include INSTALL-BINARY lib man mysql-
5.6
.
4
-m7 mysql-test README scripts share sql-bench support-files
[root
@ogg
mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql .
[root
@ogg
mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
Installing MySQL system tables...
140917
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51
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22
InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
140917
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22
InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
140917
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51
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22
InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib
1.2
.
3
140917
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51
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22
InnoDB: Using Linux
native
AIO
140917
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51
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22
InnoDB: CPU does not support crc32 instructions
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51
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22
InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size =
128
.0M
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InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
InnoDB: The first specified data file ./ibdata1 did not exist:
InnoDB: a
new
database to be created!
140917
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51
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InnoDB: Setting file ./ibdata1 size to
10
MB
InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...
[root
@ogg
mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql ./data
[root
@ogg
mysql]# chmod -R ug+rws .
[root
@ogg
mysql]# cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp: overwrite `/etc/my.cnf'? y
配置参数文件
[root
@ogg
mysql]# vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
port =
3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache =
64
sort_buffer_size = 512K
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
user=mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql
default
-storage-engine=MyISAM
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7、启动数据库
[root@ogg mysql]# bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
[1] 16592
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[root
@ogg
mysql]#
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mysqld_safe Logging to
'/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql/ogg.err'
.
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mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql
140917
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mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql/ogg.pid ended
[
1
]+ Done bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql
[root
@ogg
mysql]# ps -ef |grep mysql
root
16888
5955
0
13
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57
pts/
1
00
:
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grep mysql
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数据库启动失败！
查看日志：
[root@ogg mysql]# cat /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql/ogg.err
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mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: Table
'mysql.plugin'
doesn't exist
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[ERROR] Can't open the mysql.plugin table. Please run mysql_upgrade to create it.
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InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
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InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
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56
:
51
InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib
1.2
.
3
140917
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:
56
:
51
InnoDB: Using Linux
native
AIO
140917
13
:
56
:
51
InnoDB: CPU does not support crc32 instructions
140917
13
:
56
:
51
InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size =
128
.0M
140917
13
:
56
:
52
InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
InnoDB: The first specified data file ./ibdata1 did not exist:
InnoDB: a
new
database to be created!
140917
13
:
56
:
52
InnoDB: Setting file ./ibdata1 size to
10
MB
InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...
140917
13
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56
:
52
InnoDB: Log file ./ib_logfile0 did not exist:
new
to be created
InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile0 size to
5
MB
InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...
140917
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56
:
52
InnoDB: Log file ./ib_logfile1 did not exist:
new
to be created
InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile1 size to
5
MB
InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...
InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer not found: creating
new
InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer created
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InnoDB:
128
rollback segment(s) are active.
InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables
InnoDB: Foreign key constraint system tables created
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InnoDB: Waiting
for
the background threads to start
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:
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InnoDB:
1.2
.
4
started; log sequence number
0
140917
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53
[Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that
this
is the first time that
this
server has been started. Generating a
new
UUID: 6c803c62-3e2f-11e4-9db1-0800270ccfcc.
140917
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53
[ERROR] Fatal error: Can
't open and lock privilege tables: Table '
mysql.host
' doesn'
t exist
140917
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mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql/ogg.pid ended
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重新启动数据库
[root@ogg mysql]# cd bin
[root@ogg bin]# ./mysqld
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./mysqld: Table
'mysql.plugin'
doesn't exist
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[ERROR] Can't open the mysql.plugin table. Please run mysql_upgrade to create it.
140917
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InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
140917
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58
:
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InnoDB: Mutexes
and
rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
140917
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:
58
:
17
InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib
1.2.
3
140917
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:
58
:
17
InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
140917
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58
:
17
InnoDB: CPU does
not
support crc32 instructions
140917
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58
:
17
InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size =
128.
0M
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:
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InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
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InnoDB: highest supported file format is Barracuda.
InnoDB: Log scan progressed past the checkpoint lsn
48961
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InnoDB: Database was
not
shut down normally!
InnoDB: Starting crash recovery.
InnoDB: Reading tablespace information
from
the .ibd files...
InnoDB: Restoring possible half-written data pages
from
the doublewrite
InnoDB: buffer...
InnoDB: Doing recovery: scanned up to log sequence number
1595695
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:
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InnoDB: Starting an apply batch of log records to the database...
InnoDB: Progress
in
percents:
45
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99
InnoDB: Apply batch completed
140917
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:
17
InnoDB:
128
rollback segment(s) are active.
140917
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58
:
17
InnoDB: Waiting
for
the background threads to start
140917
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58
:
18
InnoDB:
1.2.
4
started; log sequence number
1595695
140917
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[Note] Recovering
after
a crash using mysql-bin
140917
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[Note] Starting crash recovery...
140917
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18
[Note] Crash recovery finished.
140917
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18
[ERROR] Fatal error: Can
't open and lock privilege tables: Table '
mysql.host
' doesn'
t exist
|
数据库启动失败
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1
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140917
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[ERROR] Fatal error: Can
't open and lock privilege tables: Table '
mysql.host
' doesn'
t exist
|
解决方法：
修改/etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
重新指定数据库数据文件的位置！
再次启动Database：
[root@ogg mysql]# bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
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[root
@ogg
data]# ps -ef |grep mysql
root
16955
5955
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:
03
pts/
1
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:
00
:
00
/bin/sh ./mysqld_safe --user=mysql
mysql
17229
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/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/var/lib/mysql/ogg.err --pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/ogg.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=
3306
[root
@ogg
data]# netstat -an|grep
3306
tcp
0
0
0.0
.
0.0
:
3306
0.0
.
0.0
:* LISTEN
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数据库启动成功！
配置数据库启动脚本，加入系统启动环境
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[root
@ogg
mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
[root
@ogg
mysql]# service mysql stop
Shutting down MySQL..
140917
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mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/lib/mysql/ogg.pid ended
[ OK ]
[
1
]+ Done ./mysqld_safe --user=mysql (wd: /usr/local/mysql/bin)
(wd now: /usr/local/mysql)
[root
@ogg
data]# netstat -an|grep
3306
[root
@ogg
mysql]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL..
[root
@ogg
data]# netstat -an|grep
3306
tcp
0
0
0.0
.
0.0
:
3306
0.0
.
0.0
:* LISTEN [ OK ]
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8、连接使用mysql database
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修改管理员密码
[root@ogg mysql]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
[root@ogg mysql]# ./bin/mysqladmin -u root password
New password:
Confirm
new
password:
连接数据库
[root@ogg mysql]# ./bin/mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end
with
;
or
\g.
Your MySQL connection id is
2
Server version:
5.6.
4
-m7-log Source distribution
Copyright (c)
2000
,
2011
, Oracle
and
/
or
its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation
and
/
or
its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type
'help;'
or
'\h'
for
help. Type
'\c'
to clear the current input statement.
mysql> select *
from
tab;
ERROR
1046
(3D000): No database selected
mysql> use mysql
Database changed
mysql> select *
from
tab;
ERROR
1146
(42S02): Table
'mysql.tab'
doesn't exist
mysql> select host,user
from
mysql.user;
+-----------+------+
| host | user |
+-----------+------+
|
127.0.
0.1
| root |
| ::
1
| root |
| localhost | |
| localhost | root |
| ogg | |
| ogg | root |
+-----------+------+
6
rows
in
set (
0.00
sec)
mysql>
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@至此，mysql database安装、连接成功！
本文转自 客居天涯 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/tiany/1554367，如需转载请自行联系原作者
