python处理log打印模块log的使用和介绍
- 简单的将日志打印到屏幕
import logging
logging.debug('This is debug message')
logging.info('This is info message')
logging.warning('This is warning message')
屏幕上打印:
WARNING:root:This is warning message
默认情况下，logging将日志打印到屏幕，日志级别为WARNING；
日志级别大小关系为：CRITICAL > ERROR > WARNING > INFO > DEBUG > NOTSET，当然也可以自己定义日志级别。
- 通过logging.basicConfig函数对日志的输出格式及方式做相关配置
import logging
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG,
format='%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s',
datefmt='%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S',
filename='myapp.log',
filemode='w'
)
logging.debug('This is debug message')
logging.info('This is info message')
logging.warning('This is warning message')
./myapp.log文件中内容:
Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:11] DEBUG This is debug message
Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:12] INFO This is info message
Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:13] WARNING This is warning message
logging.basicConfig函数各参数:
filename: 指定日志文件名
filemode: 和file函数意义相同，指定日志文件的打开模式，'w'或'a'
format: 指定输出的格式和内容，format可以输出很多有用信息，如上例所示:
%(levelno)s: 打印日志级别的数值
%(levelname)s: 打印日志级别名称
%(pathname)s: 打印当前执行程序的路径，其实就是sys.argv[0]
%(filename)s: 打印当前执行程序名
%(funcName)s: 打印日志的当前函数
%(lineno)d: 打印日志的当前行号
%(asctime)s: 打印日志的时间
%(thread)d: 打印线程ID
%(threadName)s: 打印线程名称
%(process)d: 打印进程ID
%(message)s: 打印日志信息
datefmt: 指定时间格式，同time.strftime()
level: 设置日志级别，默认为logging.WARNING
stream: 指定将日志的输出流，可以指定输出到sys.stderr,sys.stdout或者文件，默认输出到sys.stderr，当stream和filename同时指定时，stream被忽略
- 将日志同时输出到文件和屏幕
import logging
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG,
format='%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s',
datefmt='%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S',
filename='myapp.log',
filemode='w')
#定义一个StreamHandler，将INFO级别或更高的日志信息打印到标准错误，并将其添加到当前的日志处理对象
console = logging.StreamHandler()console.setLevel(logging.INFO)
formatter = logging.Formatter('%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s')
console.setFormatter(formatter)
logging.getLogger('').addHandler(console)
#################################################################################################
logging.debug('This is debug message')
logging.info('This is info message')
logging.warning('This is warning message')
屏幕上打印:
root : INFO This is info message
root : WARNING This is warning message./myapp.log
文件中内容为:
Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:11] DEBUG This is debug message
Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:12] INFO This is info message
Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:13] WARNING This is warning message
- logging之日志回滚
```
import logging
from logging.handlers import RotatingFileHandler
#
定义一个RotatingFileHandler，最多备份5个日志文件，每个日志文件最大10M
Rthandler = RotatingFileHandler('myapp.log',
maxBytes=1010241024,
backupCount=5)
Rthandler.setLevel(logging.INFO)
formatter = logging.Formatter('%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s')
Rthandler.setFormatter(formatter)
logging.getLogger('').addHandler(Rthandler)
#
logging的几种handle如下：
```txt
logging.StreamHandler: 日志输出到流，可以是sys.stderr、sys.stdout或者文件
logging.FileHandler: 日志输出到文件日志回滚方式，实际使用时用RotatingFileHandler和TimedRotatingFileHandler
logging.handlers.SocketHandler: 远程输出日志到TCP/IP sockets
logging.handlers.DatagramHandler:远程输出日志到UDP sockets
logging.handlers.SMTPHandler:远程输出日志到邮件地址
logging.handlers.SysLogHandler: 日志输出到syslog
logging.handlers.NTEventLogHandler: 远程输出日志到Windows NT/2000/XP的事件日志
logging.handlers.MemoryHandler: 日志输出到内存中的制定buffer
logging.handlers.HTTPHandler: 通过"GET"或"POST"远程输出到HTTP服务器
- 通过logging.config模块配置日志
#logger.conf ############################################### [loggers] keys=root,example01,example02 [logger_root] level=DEBUG handlers=hand01,hand02 [logger_example01] handlers=hand01,hand02 qualname=example01 propagate=0 [logger_example02] handlers=hand01,hand03 qualname=example02 propagate=0 ############################################### [handlers]keys=hand01,hand02,hand03 [handler_hand01] class=StreamHandlerlevel=INFO formatter=form02 args=(sys.stderr,) [handler_hand02] class=FileHandler level=DEBUG formatter=form01 args=('myapp.log', 'a') [handler_hand03] class=handlers.Rotating FileHandlerlevel=INFO formatter=form02 args=('myapp.log', 'a', 10*1024*1024, 5) ############################################### [formatters] keys=form01,form02 [formatter_form01] format=%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s datefmt=%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S [formatter_form02] format=%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s datefmt=
import logging
import logging.config
logging.config.fileConfig("logger.conf")
logger = logging.getLogger("example01")logger.debug('This is debug message')logger.info('This is info message')logger.warning('This is warning message')
import logging
import logging.config
logging.config.fileConfig("logger.conf")
logger = logging.getLogger("example02")
logger.debug('This is debug message')
logger.info('This is info message')
logger.warning('This is warning message')
- 完整示例：
# coding: utf-8
import logging
# 创建一个logger
logger = logging.getLogger()
logger1 = logging.getLogger('mylogger')
logger1.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
logger2 = logging.getLogger('mylogger')
logger2.setLevel(logging.INFO)
logger3 = logging.getLogger('mylogger.child1')
logger3.setLevel(logging.WARNING)
logger4 = logging.getLogger('mylogger.child1.child2')
logger4.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
logger5 = logging.getLogger('mylogger.child1.child2.child3')
logger5.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
# 创建一个handler，用于写入日志文件
fh = logging.FileHandler('/tmp/test.log')
# 再创建一个handler，用于输出到控制台
ch = logging.StreamHandler()
# 定义handler的输出格式formatter
formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
fh.setFormatter(formatter)
ch.setFormatter(formatter)
#定义一个filter
#filter = logging.Filter('mylogger.child1.child2')
#fh.addFilter(filter)
# 给logger添加handler
#logger.addFilter(filter)
logger.addHandler(fh)
logger.addHandler(ch)
#logger1.addFilter(filter)
logger1.addHandler(fh)
logger1.addHandler(ch)
logger2.addHandler(fh)
logger2.addHandler(ch)
#logger3.addFilter(filter)
logger3.addHandler(fh)
logger3.addHandler(ch)
#logger4.addFilter(filter)
logger4.addHandler(fh)
logger4.addHandler(ch)
logger5.addHandler(fh)
logger5.addHandler(ch)
# 记录一条日志
logger.debug('logger debug message')
logger.info('logger info message')
logger.warning('logger warning message')
logger.error('logger error message')
logger.critical('logger critical message')
logger1.debug('logger1 debug message')
logger1.info('logger1 info message')
logger1.warning('logger1 warning message')
logger1.error('logger1 error message')
logger1.critical('logger1 critical message')
logger2.debug('logger2 debug message')
logger2.info('logger2 info message')
logger2.warning('logger2 warning message')
logger2.error('logger2 error message')
logger2.critical('logger2 critical message')
logger3.debug('logger3 debug message')
logger3.info('logger3 info message')
logger3.warning('logger3 warning message')
logger3.error('logger3 error message')
logger3.critical('logger3 critical message')
logger4.debug('logger4 debug message')
logger4.info('logger4 info message')
logger4.warning('logger4 warning message')
logger4.error('logger4 error message')
logger4.critical('logger4 critical message')
logger5.debug('logger5 debug message')
logger5.info('logger5 info message')
logger5.warning('logger5 warning message')
logger5.error('logger5 error message')
logger5.critical('logger5 critical message')
