pyglet.shapes
pyglet.shapes 是 pyglet 库中的一个模块，它提供了一系列预定义的2D图形类，这些类可以用于简化在 pyglet 窗口中绘制基本形状的过程。通过使用 pyglet.shapes，你可以轻松地在屏幕上绘制圆形、矩形、多边形等，而无需深入了解底层的细节。pyglet.shapes 中的每个图形类通常都有以下共同的特征和用法：
初始化参数：每个图形类在创建时都接受一系列的初始化参数，这些参数定义了图形的大小、位置、颜色以及其他一些属性。例如，pyglet.shapes.Circle 接受 x、y（圆心坐标）、radius（半径）、color（颜色）等参数。
批处理（Batching）：为了高效渲染，pyglet.shapes 中的图形通常与一个 pyglet.graphics.Batch 对象相关联。批处理允许你将多个图形组合在一起，并一次性提交给GPU进行渲染，从而提高了渲染性能。一旦图形被创建并添加到批处理对象中，它们就可以通过调用批处理对象的 draw() 方法来渲染。这通常发生在窗口的 on_draw 事件中。
pyglet.shapes 共有12个形状类，分别是：
1. 圆弧 Arc
Arc(x, y, radius, segments=None, angle=6.283185307179586, start_angle=0, closed=False, color=(255, 255, 255, 255), batch=None, group=None) Create an Arc. The Arc's anchor point (x, y) defaults to its center. :Parameters: `x` : float X coordinate of the circle. `y` : float Y coordinate of the circle. `radius` : float The desired radius. `segments` : int You can optionally specify how many distinct line segments the arc should be made from. If not specified it will be automatically calculated using the formula:`max(14, int(radius / 1.25))`. `angle` : float The angle of the arc, in radians. Defaults to tau (pi * 2), which is a full circle. `start_angle` : float The start angle of the arc, in radians. Defaults to 0. `closed` : bool If True, the ends of the arc will be connected with a line. defaults to False.
2. 贝塞尔曲线 BezierCurve
BezierCurve(*points, t=1.0, segments=100, color=(255, 255, 255, 255), batch=None, group=None) Create a Bézier curve. The curve's anchor point (x, y) defaults to its first control point. :Parameters: `points` : List[[int, int]] Control points of the curve. `t` : float Draw `100*t` percent of the curve. 0.5 means the curve is half drawn and 1.0 means draw the whole curve. `segments` : int You can optionally specify how many line segments the curve should be made from.
3. 带边框矩形 BorderedRectangle
BorderedRectangle(x, y, width, height, border=1, color=(255, 255, 255), border_color=(100, 100, 100), batch=None, group=None) Create a rectangle or square. The rectangle's anchor point defaults to the (x, y) coordinates, which are at the bottom left. :Parameters: `x` : float The X coordinate of the rectangle. `y` : float The Y coordinate of the rectangle. `width` : float The width of the rectangle. `height` : float The height of the rectangle. `border` : float The thickness of the border. `border_color` : (int, int, int, int) The RGB or RGBA fill color of the border, specified as a tuple of 3 or 4 ints in the range of 0-255. RGB colors will be treated as having an opacity of 255. The alpha values must match if you pass RGBA values to both this argument and `border_color`. If they do not, a `ValueError` will be raised informing you of the ambiguity.
4. 矩形边框 Box
Box(x, y, width, height, thickness=1, color=(255, 255, 255, 255), batch=None, group=None) Create an unfilled rectangular shape, with optional thickness. The box's anchor point defaults to the (x, y) coordinates, which are at the bottom left. Changing the thickness of the box will extend the walls inward; the outward dimesions will not be affected. :Parameters: `x` : float The X coordinate of the box. `y` : float The Y coordinate of the box. `width` : float The width of the box. `height` : float The height of the box. `thickness` : float The thickness of the lines that make up the box.
5. 圆形 Circle
Circle(x, y, radius, segments=None, color=(255, 255, 255, 255), batch=None, group=None) Create a circle. The circle's anchor point (x, y) defaults to the center of the circle. :Parameters: `x` : float X coordinate of the circle. `y` : float Y coordinate of the circle. `radius` : float The desired radius. `segments` : int You can optionally specify how many distinct triangles the circle should be made from. If not specified it will be automatically calculated using the formula: `max(14, int(radius / 1.25))`.
6. 椭圆 Ellipse
Ellipse(x, y, a, b, segments=None, color=(255, 255, 255, 255), batch=None, group=None) Create an ellipse. The ellipse's anchor point (x, y) defaults to the center of the ellipse. :Parameters: `x` : float X coordinate of the ellipse. `y` : float Y coordinate of the ellipse. `a` : float Semi-major axes of the ellipse. `b`: float Semi-minor axes of the ellipse.
7. 直线 Line
Line(x, y, x2, y2, width=1, color=(255, 255, 255, 255), batch=None, group=None) Create a line. The line's anchor point defaults to the center of the line's width on the X axis, and the Y axis. :Parameters: `x` : float The first X coordinate of the line. `y` : float The first Y coordinate of the line. `x2` : float The second X coordinate of the line. `y2` : float The second Y coordinate of the line. `width` : float The desired width of the line.
8. 多边形 Polygon
Polygon(*coordinates, color=(255, 255, 255, 255), batch=None, group=None) Create a convex polygon. The polygon's anchor point defaults to the first vertex point. :Parameters: `coordinates` : List[[int, int]] The coordinates for each point in the polygon.
9. 矩形 Rectangle
Rectangle(x, y, width, height, color=(255, 255, 255, 255), batch=None, group=None) Create a rectangle or square. The rectangle's anchor point defaults to the (x, y) coordinates, which are at the bottom left. :Parameters: `x` : float The X coordinate of the rectangle. `y` : float The Y coordinate of the rectangle. `width` : float The width of the rectangle. `height` : float The height of the rectangle.
10. 扇形 Sector
Sector(x, y, radius, segments=None, angle=6.283185307179586, start_angle=0, color=(255, 255, 255, 255), batch=None, group=None) Create a Sector of a circle. The sector's anchor point (x, y) defaults to the center of the circle. :Parameters: `x` : float X coordinate of the sector. `y` : float Y coordinate of the sector. `radius` : float The desired radius. `segments` : int You can optionally specify how many distinct triangles the sector should be made from. If not specified it will be automatically calculated using the formula: `max(14, int(radius / 1.25))`. `angle` : float The angle of the sector, in radians. Defaults to tau (pi * 2), which is a full circle. `start_angle` : float The start angle of the sector, in radians. Defaults to 0.
11. 星形 Star
Star(x, y, outer_radius, inner_radius, num_spikes, rotation=0, color=(255, 255, 255, 255), batch=None, group=None) -> None Create a star. The star's anchor point (x, y) defaults to the center of the star. :Parameters: `x` : float The X coordinate of the star. `y` : float The Y coordinate of the star. `outer_radius` : float The desired outer radius of the star. `inner_radius` : float The desired inner radius of the star. `num_spikes` : float The desired number of spikes of the star. `rotation` : float The rotation of the star in degrees. A rotation of 0 degrees will result in one spike lining up with the X axis in positive direction.
12. 三角形 Triangle
Triangle(x, y, x2, y2, x3, y3, color=(255, 255, 255, 255), batch=None, group=None) Create a triangle. The triangle's anchor point defaults to the first vertex point. :Parameters: `x` : float The first X coordinate of the triangle. `y` : float The first Y coordinate of the triangle. `x2` : float The second X coordinate of the triangle. `y2` : float The second Y coordinate of the triangle. `x3` : float The third X coordinate of the triangle. `y3` : float The third Y coordinate of the triangle.
所有形状控件都有的3个参数： color, batch, group，color即形状的颜色，关于batch和group批组参数，请参见博文《Pyglet控件的批处理参数batch和分组参数group简析》中的说明。
`color` : (int, int, int, int) The RGB or RGBA color of the curve, specified as a tuple of 3 or 4 ints in the range of 0-255. RGB colors will be treated as having an opacity of 255. `batch` : `~pyglet.graphics.Batch` Optional batch to add the curve to. `group` : `~pyglet.graphics.Group` Optional parent group of the curve.
所有形状控件都有的2个方法：
delete(self) Force immediate removal of the shape from video memory. It is recommended to call this whenever you delete a shape, as the Python garbage collector will not necessarily call the finalizer as soon as the sprite falls out of scope. draw(self) Draw the shape at its current position. Using this method is not recommended. Instead, add the shape to a `pyglet.graphics.Batch` for efficient rendering.
ShapeBase
所有形状控件都有从Shape基类继承来的属性：
anchor_position
The (x, y) coordinates of the anchor point, as a tuple. :Parameters: `x` : int or float X coordinate of the anchor point. `y` : int or float Y coordinate of the anchor point.
anchor_x
The X coordinate of the anchor point :type: int or float
anchor_y
The Y coordinate of the anchor point :type: int or float
batch
User assigned :class:`Batch` object.
color
The shape color. This property sets the color of the shape. The color is specified as an RGB tuple of integers '(red, green, blue)'. Each color component must be in the range 0 (dark) to 255 (saturated). :type: (int, int, int)
group
User assigned :class:`Group` object.
opacity
Blend opacity. This property sets the alpha component of the color of the shape. With the default blend mode (see the constructor), this allows the shape to be drawn with fractional opacity, blending with the background. An opacity of 255 (the default) has no effect. An opacity of 128 will make the shape appear translucent. :type: int
position
The (x, y) coordinates of the shape, as a tuple. :Parameters: `x` : int or float X coordinate of the sprite. `y` : int or float Y coordinate of the sprite.
rotation
Clockwise rotation of the shape in degrees. It will be rotated about its (anchor_x, anchor_y) position, which defaults to the first vertex point of the shape. For most shapes, this is the lower left corner. The shapes below default to the points their ``radius`` values are measured from: * :py:class:`.Circle` * :py:class:`.Ellipse` * :py:class:`.Arc` * :py:class:`.Sector` * :py:class:`.Star`
visible
True if the shape will be drawn. :type: bool
x
X coordinate of the shape. :type: int or float
y
Y coordinate of the shape. :type: int or float
多个形状的示例代码：
附带两个基类属性 opacity、rotation 的用法
import pyglet from pyglet import shapes window = pyglet.window.Window(960, 540) circle = shapes.Circle(700, 150, 100, color=(50, 225, 30)) square = shapes.Rectangle(200, 200, 200, 200, color=(55, 55, 255)) rectangle = shapes.Rectangle(250, 300, 400, 200, color=(255, 22, 20)) rectangle.opacity = 128 # 矩形的不透明度属性 rectangle.rotation = 33 # 矩形的旋转角度属性 line = shapes.Line(100, 100, 100, 200, width=19) line2 = shapes.Line(150, 150, 444, 111, width=4, color=(200, 20, 20)) star = shapes.Star(800, 400, 60, 40, num_spikes=20, color=(255, 255, 0)) widgets = circle, square, rectangle, line, line2, star @window.event def on_draw(): window.clear() for batch in widgets: batch.draw() pyglet.app.run()
运行效果：
本文完。
