1 Why?
首先第一个问题,为什么进行线程同步和线程互斥?
最开始我们的操作系统的作业的调度单位是进程,但是由于每个进程都单独占据一个资源,而且进程的形态转换非常的耗费系统资源。
为了系统的调度更加轻量级,能够更好的支持并发,因此引入了线程这个概念。
PS:进程和线程的关系:
- 线程是进程的一个实体
- 同一进程内的不同线程共享该进程的系统资源
所以问题的答案来了,因为同一进程内的不同线程共享该进程的系统资源,这就导致了资源竞争的问题,为了能够解决这个问题,所以引入了线程互斥,就是为了能够在单位时间内只有一个线程共享该进程的系统资源
。而进程同步就是让多个线程合理有序的访问该进程的系统资源。
2 What?
什么是线程同步?什么是线程互斥?
线程同步和线程互斥,类似于进程同步和进程互斥,在《操作系统》这本书中有另一个好听的名字:直接制约和间接制约
直接制约(同步关系):
某些应用程序,为了完成某个任务而建立了两个或多个进程(源于进程间的合作)。
间接制约(互斥关系):
多个程序并发执行时,由于共享系统资源(如CUP、I/O设备等)而导致这些并发执行的程序之间形成相互的制约
的关系。
因此,我们知道了线程同步和线程互斥的关系:
- 互斥是指某一资源同时只允许一个访问者对其进行访问,具有唯一性和排它性,访问是无序的。
- 同步是指在互斥的基础上,通过其它机制实现访问者对资源的有序访问。
- 同步其实已经实现了互斥,所以同步是一种更为复杂的互斥。
- 互斥是一种特殊的同步。
3 How?
Java如何实现线程同步和线程互斥?
先说简单的,Java实现线程互斥:
无线程互斥的情况:
/** * @desc: 没有进行互斥的情况 * @author: YanMingXin * @create: 2021/12/19-18:02 **/ public class Method0 { private int value = 10; private void reduce() { try { while (value == 0) { System.out.println("stop..."); return; } System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + value); value--; } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } private void make() { ThreadPoolExecutor poolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(3, 5, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new LinkedBlockingDeque<>()); for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) { poolExecutor.execute(() -> { reduce(); }); } } public static void main(String[] args) { Method0 methodA = new Method0(); methodA.make(); } }
方式一:互斥锁synchronized
/** * @desc: 互斥方式一 * @author: YanMingXin * @create: 2021/12/19-17:48 **/ public class MethodA { private int value = 10; private synchronized void reduce() { try { while (value == 0) { System.out.println("stop..."); return; } System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + value); value--; } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } private void make() { ThreadPoolExecutor poolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(3, 5, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new LinkedBlockingDeque<>()); for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) { poolExecutor.execute(() -> { reduce(); }); } } public static void main(String[] args) { MethodA methodA = new MethodA(); methodA.make(); } }
方式二:可重入互斥锁ReentrantLock
/** * @desc: 互斥方式二 * @author: YanMingXin * @create: 2021/12/19-17:50 **/ public class MethodB { private int value = 10; private ReentrantLock lock=new ReentrantLock(); private void reduce(){ lock.lock(); try { while (value == 0) { System.out.println("stop..."); return; } System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + value); value--; } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { lock.unlock(); } } private void make() { ThreadPoolExecutor poolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(3, 5, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new LinkedBlockingDeque<>()); for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) { poolExecutor.execute(() -> { reduce(); }); } } public static void main(String[] args) { MethodB methodA = new MethodB(); methodA.make(); } }
然后,Java实现线程同步:
无线程同步的情况:
/** * @desc: 无线程同步状态 * @author: YanMingXin * @create: 2021/12/19-17:47 **/ public class Method0 { private int value = 0; private static List list = new ArrayList<String>(); static { list = Arrays.asList("1-Insert", "2-Delete", "3-Update", "4-Select"); } private void reduce() { try { System.out.println(list.get(value)); value++; while (value > 3) { System.out.println("stop..."); return; } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } private void make() { ThreadPoolExecutor poolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor( 4, 4, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new LinkedBlockingDeque<>()); for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { poolExecutor.execute(() -> { reduce(); }); } poolExecutor.shutdown(); } public static void main(String[] args) { Method0 methodA = new Method0(); methodA.make(); } }
方式一:synchronized进行线程同步
/** * @desc: 线程同步方式一 * @author: YanMingXin * @create: 2021/12/19-17:47 **/ public class MethodA { private int value = 0; private static List list = new ArrayList<String>(); static { list = Arrays.asList("1-Insert", "2-Delete", "3-Update", "4-Select"); } private synchronized void reduce() { try { System.out.println(list.get(value)); value++; while (value > 3) { System.out.println("stop..."); return; } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } private void make() { ThreadPoolExecutor poolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor( 4, 4, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new LinkedBlockingDeque<>()); for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { poolExecutor.execute(() -> { reduce(); }); } poolExecutor.shutdown(); } public static void main(String[] args) { MethodA methodA = new MethodA(); methodA.make(); } }
方式二:ReentrantLock进行线程同步
/** * @desc: 线程同步方式二 * @author: YanMingXin * @create: 2021/12/19-17:47 **/ public class MethodA { private int value = 0; private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock(); private static List list = new ArrayList<String>(); static { list = Arrays.asList("1-Insert", "2-Delete", "3-Update", "4-Select"); } private void reduce() { lock.lock(); try { System.out.println(list.get(value)); value++; while (value > 3) { System.out.println("stop..."); return; } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { lock.unlock(); } } private void make() { ThreadPoolExecutor poolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor( 4, 4, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new LinkedBlockingDeque<>()); for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { poolExecutor.execute(() -> { reduce(); }); } poolExecutor.shutdown(); } public static void main(String[] args) { MethodA methodA = new MethodA(); methodA.make(); } }
方式三:synchronized代码块
/** * @desc: 线程同步方式三 * @author: YanMingXin * @create: 2021/12/19-17:47 **/ public class MethodA { private int value = 0; private static List list = new ArrayList<String>(); static { list = Arrays.asList("1-Insert", "2-Delete", "3-Update", "4-Select"); } private void reduce() { synchronized (this) { try { System.out.println(list.get(value)); value++; while (value > 3) { System.out.println("stop..."); return; } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } private void make() { ThreadPoolExecutor poolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor( 4, 4, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new LinkedBlockingDeque<>()); for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { poolExecutor.execute(() -> { reduce(); }); } poolExecutor.shutdown(); } public static void main(String[] args) { MethodA methodA = new MethodA(); methodA.make(); } }
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