oracle数据库控制文件的备份和恢复之二RMAN手动备份和恢复

select * from v$version;
BANNER
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
CORE    11.2.0.4.0      Production
TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production

SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode              Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Enabled
Archive destination            USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence     1
Next log sequence to archive   1
Current log sequence           1

SQL> alter session set nls_date_format='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss';
Session altered.
SQL> select * from test_control;
CURR_TIME
-------------------
2019-07-21 16:25:33
2019-07-27 09:32:21
2019-07-27 09:33:39

[oracle@orclserv1 ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sat Aug 3 10:55:59 2019
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL11G (DBID=1118535928)
RMAN> show all;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name ORCL11G are:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default
CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl11g.f'; # def

RMAN>  backup current controlfile format '/home/oracle/backup/c_%d_%I_%T_%s';
Starting backup at 03-AUG-19
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 03-AUG-19
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 03-AUG-19
piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/c_ORCL11G_1118535928_20190803_8 tag=TAG20190803T112625 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 03-AUG-19

使用backup current controlfile 命令手动备份当前控制文件，格式选项里面各项含义如下：
 %d：数据库名称，   %I ：dbid ， %T： 日期，  %s： 备份集号
 在backup命令的输出里可以看到备份文件
 /home/oracle/backup/c_ORCL11G_1118535928_20190803_8

SQL> insert into test_control select sysdate from dual;
1 row created.
SQL> insert into test_control select sysdate from dual;
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
SQL>  select * from test_control;
CURR_TIME
-------------------
2019-07-21 16:25:33
2019-07-27 09:32:21
2019-07-27 09:33:39
2019-08-03 11:52:17
2019-08-03 11:53:05

[oracle@orclserv1 backup]$ rm /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/control01.ctl
[oracle@orclserv1 backup]$ rm /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl11g/control02.ctl

SQL> shutdown immediate;
ORA-00210: cannot open the specified control file
ORA-00202: control file: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/control01.ctl'
ORA-27041: unable to open file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3

SQL> shutdown abort;
ORACLE instance shut down.

RMAN> startup nomount;
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area    1653518336 bytes
Fixed Size                     2253784 bytes
Variable Size               1006636072 bytes
Database Buffers             637534208 bytes
Redo Buffers                   7094272 bytes

RMAN> restore controlfile from '/home/oracle/backup/c_ORCL11G_1118535928_20190803_8';
Starting restore at 03-AUG-19
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=19 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/control01.ctl
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl11g/control02.ctl
Finished restore at 03-AUG-19

RMAN> alter database mount;
database mounted
released channel: ORA_DISK_1

RMAN> recover database;
Starting recover at 03-AUG-19
Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 03-AUG-19
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=19 device type=DISK
Crosschecked 3 objects
Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 03-AUG-19
Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 03-AUG-19
using channel ORA_DISK_1
Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 03-AUG-19
searching for all files in the recovery area
cataloging files...
no files cataloged
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 1 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/redo01.log
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/redo01.log thread=1 sequence=1
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
Finished recover at 03-AUG-19

RMAN> alter database open RESETLOGS;
database opened
RMAN>

SQL>  select * from test_control;
CURR_TIME
-------------------
2019-07-21 16:25:33
2019-07-27 09:32:21
2019-07-27 09:33:39
2019-08-03 11:52:17
2019-08-03 11:53:05