常用linux命令
1、一级常用
ls,ll,cd,pwd,mv,cp,rm,useradd,userdel,vi,tail,grep,cat,mkdir,tar,zip,unzip
ls -l 列出文件的所有信息
ls -t 按时间排序
ls -rt 按时间倒序
ls -a 列出所有文件（包括隐藏的）
ll : ll = ‘ls -l ’
cd 不带目录名，进入该账户的家目录；带目录，则进入对应的目录
cd .. 进入上一级目录
pwd 查询当前所处的目录
mv 重命名或换路径
cp 复制
rm 删除
rm -rt 删除文件夹不用确认
useradd(groupadd)
userdel(groupdel) -r 删除用户登入目录以及目录中所有文件
vi 编辑
Shift G 到文件最后
:q! 不保存强制退出
:wq! 保存且强制退出
?test 从当前行往前开始搜索test，n 下一个；N 上一个
/test 从当前行往后开始搜索test，n 下一个；N 上一个
tail 显示文件结尾
tail -f **.log |grep pr_page
cat显示
mkdir 建目录
tar -vcf aa.tar aa
tar -vxf aa.tar aa
tar -zvcf aa.tar.gz aa
tar -zvxf aa.tar.gz aa
zip -r aa.zip aa
unzip aa.zip
2、二级常用
yast,ps,kill,top,find,chmod,chown
ps 查看进程
ps -ef 查看全格式的全部进程
ps -ef|grep <进程名> 查看并筛选 跟进程名有关的进程，该进程名可以是进程的全部或者部分
kill -9 进程号 很强大的强制杀死进程
top 监视进程和Linux整体性能
find 查找
按文件名查找 find ./ -name zxy*
搜索内容包含 find .|xargs grep -ri "mysqld" -l
chmod 修改权限
chown 修改属组
3、三级常用
whoami,ifconfig,date,tcpdump,ping,df,du,mount
whoami 查看当前登录的有效用户
ifconfig 查看网络配置，网卡IP什么的
date 查看系统时间
date -s 修改系统时间
tcpdump 数据采集，抓包用的
ping 判断网络是否联通
df 检查文件系统的磁盘空间占用情况
du 统计目录（或文件）所占磁盘空间的大小
du -sh 总的
mount 挂上文件系统
umount 取消挂上文件系统
Linux 常用命令
- pwd: print work directory 打印当前目录 显示出当前工作目录的绝对路径
- ps: process status(进程状态，类似于windows的任务管理器) 常用参数：－auxf ：ps -auxf 显示进程状态
- df: disk free 其功能是显示磁盘可用空间数目信息及空间结点信息。换句话说，就是报告在任何安装的设备或目录中，还剩多少自由的空间。
- du: Disk usage
- rpm：即RedHat Package Management，是RedHat的发明之一
- rmdir：Remove Directory（删除目录）
- rm：Remove（删除目录或文件）
- cat: concatenate 连锁
- cat file1file2>>file3 把文件1和文件2的内容联合起来放到file3中
- insmod: install module,载入模块
- ln -s : link -soft 创建一个软链接，相当于创建一个快捷方式
- mkdir：Make Directory(创建目录)
- touch: touch
- man: Manual
- su：Swith user(切换用户)
- cd：Change directory
- ls：List files
- ps：Process Status
- mkdir：Make directory
- rmdir：Remove directory
- mkfs: Make file system
- fsck：File system check
- uname: Unix name
- lsmod: List modules
- mv: Move file
- rm: Remove file
- cp: Copy file
- ln: Link files
- fg: Foreground
- bg: Background
- chown: Change owner
- chgrp: Change group
- chmod: Change mode
- umount: Unmount
- dd: 本来应根据其功能描述"Convert an copy"命名为"cc"，但"cc"已经被用以代表"CComplier"，所以命名为"dd"
- tar：Tape archive （磁带档案）
- ldd：List dynamic dependencies
- insmod：Install module
- rmmod：Remove module
- lsmod：List module
- 文件结尾的"rc"（如.bashrc、.xinitrc等）：Resource configuration
- Knnxxx /Snnxxx（位于rcx.d目录下）：K（Kill）；S(Service)；nn（执行顺序号）；xxx（服务标识）
- .a（扩展名a）：Archive，static library
- .so（扩展名so）：Shared object，dynamically linked library
- .o（扩展名o）：Object file，complied result of C/C++ source file
- RPM：Red hat package manager
- dpkg：Debian package manager
- apt：Advanced package tool（Debian或基于Debian的发行版中提供）
其他 Linux 命令缩写
- bin = Binaries (二进制文件)
- /dev = Devices (设备)
- /etc = Etcetera (等等)
- /lib = LIBrary
- /proc = Processes
- /sbin = Superuser Binaries (超级用户的二进制文件)
- /tmp = Temporary (临时)
- /usr = Unix Shared Resources
- /var = Variable (变量)
- FIFO = First In, First Out
- GRUB = GRand Unified Bootloader
- IFS= Internal Field Seperators
- LILO = LInux LOader
- MySQL = My 是最初作者女儿的名字，
- SQL = Structured QueryLanguage
- PHP = Personal Home Page Tools = PHP HypertextPreprocessor
- PS = Prompt String
- Perl = “Pratical Extraction and Report Language”(实际的抽取和报告语言) =”Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister”
- Python 得名于电视剧Monty Python’s Flying Circus
- Tcl = Tool Command Language
- Tk = ToolKit
- VT = Video Terminal
- YaST = Yet Another Setup Tool
- apache = “a patchy” server
- apt = Advanced Packaging Tool
- ar = archiver
- as = assembler
- awk = “Aho Weiberger and Kernighan”三个作者的姓的第一个字母
- bash = Bourne Again SHell
- bc = Basic (Better) Calculator
- bg = BackGround
- biff = 作者HeidiStettner在U.C.Berkely养的一条狗,喜欢对邮递员汪汪叫。
- cal = Calendar (日历)
- cat = Catenate (链接)
- cd = Change Directory
- chgrp = Change Group
- chmod = Change Mode
- chown = Change Owner
- chsh = Change Shell
- cmp = compare
- cobra = Common Object Request BrokerArchitecture
- comm = common
- cp = Copy
- cpio = CoPy In and Out
- cpp = C Pre Processor
- cron = Chronos 希腊文时间
- cups = Common Unix Printing System
- cvs = Current Version System
- daemon = Disk And Execution MONitor
- dc = Desk Calculator
- dd = Disk Dump (磁盘转储)
- df = Disk Free
- diff = Difference
- dmesg = diagnostic message
- du = Disk Usage
- ed = editor
- egrep = Extended GREP
- elf = Extensible Linking Format
- elm = ELectronic Mail
- emacs = Editor MACroS
- eval = EVALuate
- ex = EXtended
- exec = EXECute (执行)
- fd = file descriptors
- fg = ForeGround
- fgrep = Fixed GREP
- fmt = format
- fsck = File System ChecK
- fstab = FileSystem TABle
- fvwm = F*** Virtual Window Manager
- gawk = GNU AWK
- gpg = GNU Privacy Guard
- groff = GNU troff
- hal = Hardware Abstraction Layer
- joe = Joe’s Own Editor
- ksh = Korn SHell
- lame = Lame Ain’t an MP3 Encoder
- lex = LEXical analyser
- lisp = LISt Processing = Lots of IrritatingSuperfluous Parentheses
- ln = Link
- lpr = Line PRint
- ls = list
- lsof = LiSt Open Files
- m4 = Macro processor Version 4
- man = MANual pages
- mawk = Mike Brennan’s AWK
- mc = Midnight Commander
- mkfs = MaKe FileSystem
- mknod = Make Node
- motd = Message of The Day
- mozilla = MOsaic GodZILLa
- mtab = Mount TABle
- mv = Move
- nano = Nano’s ANOther editor
- nawk = New AWK
- nl = Number of Lines
- nm = names
- nohup = No HangUP
- nroff = New ROFF
- od = Octal Dump
- passwd = Passwd
- pg = pager
- pico = PIne’s message COmposition editor
- pine = “Program for Internet News &Email” = “Pine is not Elm”
- ping = 拟声 又 = Packet Internet Grouper
- pirntcap = PRINTer CAPability
- popd = POP Directory
- pr = pre
- printf = Print Formatted
- ps = Processes Status
- pty = pseudo tty
- pushd = PUSH Directory
- pwd = Print Working Directory
- rc = runcom = run command, rc还是plan9的shell
- rev = REVerse
- rm = ReMove
- rn = Read News
- roff = RunOFF
- rpm = RPM Package Manager = RedHat PackageManager
- rsh, rlogin, rvim中的
- r = Remote
- rxvt = ouR XVT
- seamoneky = 我
- sed = Stream Editor
- seq = SEQuence
- shar = Shell ARchive
- slrn = S-Lang rn
- ssh = Secure Shell
- ssl = Secure Sockets Layer
- stty = Set TTY
- su = Substitute User
- svn = SubVersion
- tar = Tape ARchive
- tcsh = TENEX C shell
- tee = T (T形水管接口)
- telnet = TEminaL over Network
- termcap = terminal capability
- terminfo = terminal information
- tex = τέχνη的缩写，希腊文art
- tr = traslate
- troff = Typesetter new ROFF
- tsort = Topological SORT
- tty = TeleTypewriter
- twm = Tom’s Window Manager
- tz = TimeZone
- udev = Userspace DEV
- ulimit = User’s LIMIT
- umask = User’s MASK
- uniq = UNIQue
- i = VIsual = Very Inconvenient
- vim = Vi IMproved
- wall = write all
- wc = Word Count
- wine = WINE Is Not an Emulator
- xargs = eXtended ARGuments
- xdm = X Display Manager
- xlfd = X Logical Font Description
- xmms = X Multimedia System
- xrdb = X Resources DataBase
- xwd = X Window Dump
- yacc = yet another compiler compiler
- Fish = the Friendly Interactive SHell
- su = Switch User
- MIME = Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
- ECMA = European Computer ManufacturersAssociation
