MaxCompute Lightning是MaxCompute产品的交互式查询服务，支持以PostgreSQL协议及语法连接访问Maxcompute项目，让您使用熟悉的工具以标准 SQL查询分析MaxCompute项目中的数据，快速获取查询结果。
很多开发者希望利用Lightning的特性来开发数据应用，本文将结合示例来介绍Java和Python如何连接访问Lightning进行应用开发(参考时需要替换为您项目所在region的Endpoint及用户认证信息)。
一、Java使用JDBC访问Lightning
示例如下：
import java.sql.*;
public class Main {
private static Connection connection;
public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
String url = "jdbc:postgresql://lightning.cn-shanghai.maxcompute.aliyun.com:443/your_project_name?prepareThreshold=0&sslmode=require";
String accessId = "<your_maxcompute_access_id>";
String accessKey = "<your_maxcompute_access_key>";
String sql = "select * from dual";
try {
Connection conn = getCon(url, accessId, accessKey);
Statement st = conn.createStatement();
System.out.println("Send Lightning query");
ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery(sql);
while (rs.next()) {
System.out.println(rs.getString(1)+ "\t");
}
System.out.println("End Lightning query");
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static Connection getCon(String lightningsHost, String lightningUser, String lightningPwd) {
try {
if (connection == null || connection.isClosed()) {
try {
Class.forName("org.postgresql.Driver").newInstance();
DriverManager.setLoginTimeout(1);
connection = DriverManager.getConnection(lightningsHost, lightningUser, lightningPwd);
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
return connection;
}
}二、Java使用druid访问Lightning
1.pom依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.0.23</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.postgresql</groupId>
<artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
<version>9.3-1101-jdbc4</version>
</dependency>
2.spring配置
<bean id="LightningDataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource" init-method="init" destroy-method="close">
<property name="url" value="jdbc:postgresql://lightning.cn-shanghai.maxcompute.aliyun.com:443/project_name?prepareThreshold=0&sslmode=require”/> <!--替换成自己project所在region的Endpoint—>
<property name="username" value=“访问用户的Access Key ID"/>
<property name="password" value="访问用户的Access Key Secret"/>
<property name="driverClassName" value="org.postgresql.Driver"/>
<property name="dbType" value="postgresql"/>
<property name="initialSize" value="1" />
<property name="minIdle" value="1" />
<property name="maxActive" value="5" /> <!—Lightning服务每个project的连接数限制20，所以不要配置过大，按需配置，否则容易出现query_wait_timeout错误 -->
<!--以下两个配置，检测连接有效性，修复偶尔出现create connection holder error错误 -->
<property name="testWhileIdle" value="true" />
<property name="validationQuery" value="SELECT 1" />
</bean>
<bean class="com.xxx.xxx.LightningProvider">
<property name="druidDataSource" ref="LightningDataSource"/>
</bean>3.代码访问
public class LightningProvider {
DruidDataSource druidDataSource;
/**
* 执行sql
* @param sql
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public void execute(String sql) throws SQLException {
DruidPooledConnection connection = null ;
Statement st = null;
try{
connection = druidDataSource.getConnection();
st = connection.createStatement();
ResultSet resultSet = st.executeQuery(sql);
//对返回值的解析和处理的代码
//按行处理，每行的数据放到一个map中
ResultSetMetaData metaData = resultSet.getMetaData();
int columnCount = metaData.getColumnCount();
List<LinkedHashMap> rows = Lists.newArrayList();
while(resultSet.next()){
LinkedHashMap map = Maps.newLinkedHashMap();
for(int i=1;i<=columnCount;i++){
String label = resultSet.getMetaData().getColumnLabel(i);
map.put(label,resultSet.getString(i));
}
rows.add(map);
}
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
try {
if(st!=null) {
st.close();
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
if(connection!=null) {
connection.close();
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}三、Python使用pyscopg2访问Lightning
示例如下：
#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding=utf-8
import psycopg2
import sys
def query_lightning(lightning_conf, sql):
"""Query data through Lightning by sql
Args:
lightning_conf: a map contains settings of 'dbname', 'user', 'password', 'host', 'port'
sql: query submit to Lightning
Returns:
result: the query result in format of list of rows
"""
result = None
conn = None
conn_str = None
try:
conn_str = ("dbname={dbname} "
"user={user} "
"password={password} "
"host={host} "
"port={port}").format(**lightning_conf)
except Exception, e:
print >> sys.stderr, ("Invalid Lightning' configuration "
"{}".format(e))
sys.exit(1)
try:
conn = psycopg2.connect(conn_str)
conn.set_session(autocommit=True) # This will disable transaction
# started with keyword BEGIN,
# which is currently not
# supported by Lightning’ public service
cur = conn.cursor()
# execute Lightning' query
cur.execute(sql)
# get result
result = cur.fetchall()
except Exception, e:
print >> sys.stderr, ("Failed to query data through "
"Lightning: {}".format(e))
finally:
if conn:
conn.close()
return result
if __name__ == "__main__":
# step1. setup configuration
lightning_conf = {
"dbname": “your_project_name”,
"user": "<your_maxcompute_access_id>",
"password": "<your_maxcompute_access_key>",
"host": "lightning.cn-shanghai.maxcompute.aliyun.com", #your region lightning endpoint
"port": 443
}
# step2. issue a query
result = query_lightning(lightning_conf, "select * from test”)
# step3. print result
if result:
for i in xrange(0, len(result)):
print "Got %d row from Lightning:%s" % (i + 1, result[i])四、Python使用ODBC访问Lightning
您需要现在电脑上安装并和配置odbc驱动。代码示例如下：
import pyodbc
conn_str = (
"DRIVER={PostgreSQL Unicode};"
"DATABASE=your_project_name;"
"UID=your_maxcompute_access_id;"
"PWD=your_maxcompute_access_key;"
"SERVER=lightning.cn-shanghai.maxcompute.aliyun.com;" #your region lightning endpoint
"PORT=443;"
)
conn = pyodbc.connect(conn_str)
crsr = conn.execute("SELECT * from test”)
row = crsr.fetchone()
print(row)
crsr.close()
conn.close()由于Lightning提供了PostgreSQL兼容的接口，您可以像开发PostgreSQL的应用一样开发Lightning应用程序。
MaxCompute产品官方地址：https://www.aliyun.com/product/odps
注：想了解更多阿里巴巴大数据计算服务MaxCompute，可以加入社群一起交流。
