Android Room联合AsyncListUtil实现RecyclerView分页加载ORM数据
我之前写了一系列关于AsyncListUtil实现RecyclerView和ListView的分页加载机制和技术路线,见附录文章4,5。同时也写了一些列文章介绍Android官方推出的ORM数据库:Room技术,见附录文章1,2。现在结合Android分页加载框架AsyncListUtil,以及Android官方ORM数据库Room,实现数据库数据分页加载到RecyclerView里面。
先给出一个例子,实现一个简单功能,在Android Room数据库中增加一批数据,然后在RecyclerView滚动时候,触发分页加载逻辑,把数据库中的数据分页分段的加载出来,本例中存储的数据为User。
MainActivity.java:
package zhangphil.demo;
import android.arch.persistence.room.Room;
import android.os.SystemClock;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.util.AsyncListUtil;
import android.support.v7.widget.LinearLayoutManager;
import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
import android.widget.TextView;
import java.util.List;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private final String TAG = "输出";
private RecyclerView.Adapter mAdapter;
private LinearLayoutManager mLinearLayoutManager;
private AsyncListUtil<User> mAsyncListUtil;
private final int LIMIT = 10;
private UserDatabase mUserDatabase;
private UserDao mUserDao;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
mUserDatabase = Room.databaseBuilder(getApplicationContext(), UserDatabase.class, "users").build();
mUserDao = mUserDatabase.getUserDao();
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
RecyclerView mRecyclerView = findViewById(R.id.recycler_view);
mLinearLayoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(this);
mLinearLayoutManager.setOrientation(LinearLayout.VERTICAL);
mRecyclerView.setLayoutManager(mLinearLayoutManager);
mAdapter = new MyAdapter();
mRecyclerView.setAdapter(mAdapter);
MyViewCallback mViewCallback = new MyViewCallback();
MyDataCallback mDataCallback = new MyDataCallback();
mAsyncListUtil = new AsyncListUtil<>(User.class, LIMIT, mDataCallback, mViewCallback);
mRecyclerView.addOnScrollListener(new RecyclerView.OnScrollListener() {
@Override
public void onScrollStateChanged(RecyclerView recyclerView, int newState) {
super.onScrollStateChanged(recyclerView, newState);
Log.d(TAG + "onScrollStateChanged", "onRangeChanged");
mAsyncListUtil.onRangeChanged();
}
});
findViewById(R.id.button).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Log.d(TAG + "刷新", "refresh");
mAsyncListUtil.refresh();
}
});
findViewById(R.id.add_data).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
writeDatabase();
}
}).start();
}
});
//主动刷新数据。
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
SystemClock.sleep(500);
mAsyncListUtil.refresh();
}
}).start();
}
private class MyDataCallback extends AsyncListUtil.DataCallback<User> {
@Override
public int refreshData() {
//更新数据的元素个数。
Log.d(TAG + "refreshData", Integer.MAX_VALUE + "");
return Integer.MAX_VALUE;
}
/**
* 在这里完成耗时的数据加载的耗时任务。
*
* @param data
* @param startPosition
* @param itemCount
*/
@Override
public void fillData(User[] data, int startPosition, int itemCount) {
Log.d(TAG + "fillData", startPosition + " , " + itemCount);
List<User> list = mUserDao.getUserWhereUserIdBigThan(startPosition, itemCount);
for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
data[i] = list.get(i);
}
}
}
private class MyViewCallback extends AsyncListUtil.ViewCallback {
@Override
public void getItemRangeInto(int[] outRange) {
outRange[0] = mLinearLayoutManager.findFirstVisibleItemPosition();
outRange[1] = mLinearLayoutManager.findLastVisibleItemPosition();
Log.d(TAG + "getItemRangeInto", outRange[0] + " ~ " + outRange[1]);
}
@Override
public void onDataRefresh() {
mAdapter.notifyItemRangeChanged(mLinearLayoutManager.findFirstVisibleItemPosition(), LIMIT);
Log.d(TAG + "onDataRefresh", mLinearLayoutManager.findFirstVisibleItemPosition() + "," + mLinearLayoutManager.findLastVisibleItemPosition());
}
@Override
public void onItemLoaded(int position) {
mAdapter.notifyItemChanged(position);
Log.d(TAG + "onItemLoaded", String.valueOf(position));
}
}
private class MyAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<MyViewHolder> {
public MyAdapter() {
super();
}
@Override
public MyViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup viewGroup, int i) {
View view = LayoutInflater.from(getApplicationContext()).inflate(R.layout.item_layout, viewGroup, false);
MyViewHolder holder = new MyViewHolder(view);
return holder;
}
@Override
public void onBindViewHolder(MyViewHolder viewHolder, int i) {
User u = mAsyncListUtil.getItem(i);
viewHolder.setData(u);
}
@Override
public int getItemCount() {
return mAsyncListUtil.getItemCount();
}
}
private class MyViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {
public TextView userId;
public TextView userName;
public TextView userAge;
public MyViewHolder(View itemView) {
super(itemView);
userId = itemView.findViewById(R.id.user_id);
userName = itemView.findViewById(R.id.user_name);
userAge = itemView.findViewById(R.id.user_age);
}
public void setData(User u) {
if (u != null) {
userId.setText("id:" + String.valueOf(u.userId));
userName.setText("姓名:" + String.valueOf(u.name));
userAge.setText("年龄:" + String.valueOf(u.age));
}
}
}
private void writeDatabase() {
Log.d(TAG + "writeDatabase", "开始写入数据...");
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
User user = new User();
user.name = "张" + i;
user.age = (int) (Math.random() * 100);
user.updateTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
mUserDao.insertUser(user);
}
Log.d(TAG + "writeDatabase", "写入数据库完毕.");
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
mUserDatabase.close();
}
}
MainActivity需要的布局文件activity_main.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical">
<Button
android:id="@+id/button"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="更新" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/add_data"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="添加数据" />
<android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
android:id="@+id/recycler_view"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" />
</LinearLayout>
item_layout.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:padding="20dp">
<TextView
android:id="@+id/user_id"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:background="@android:color/holo_red_light" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/user_name"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textColor="@android:color/holo_orange_light" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/user_age"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textColor="@android:color/holo_blue_light" />
<View
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="1px"
android:background="@android:color/darker_gray" />
</LinearLayout>
User.java:
package zhangphil.demo;
import android.arch.persistence.room.ColumnInfo;
import android.arch.persistence.room.Entity;
import android.arch.persistence.room.PrimaryKey;
/**
* Created by Phil on 2017/11/22.
*/
@Entity(tableName = "user_table")
public class User {
@PrimaryKey(autoGenerate = true)
public int userId;
@ColumnInfo(name = "userName")
public String name;
@ColumnInfo(name = "userAge")
public int age = -1;
@ColumnInfo(name = "updateTime")
public long updateTime = -1;
}
UserDao.java:
package zhangphil.demo;
import android.arch.persistence.room.Dao;
import android.arch.persistence.room.Delete;
import android.arch.persistence.room.Insert;
import android.arch.persistence.room.OnConflictStrategy;
import android.arch.persistence.room.Query;
import android.arch.persistence.room.Update;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Created by Phil on 2017/11/22.
*/
@Dao
public interface UserDao {
@Query("SELECT * FROM user_table")
public List<User> getAllUsers();
@Query("SELECT * FROM user_table WHERE userId >:uid ORDER BY userId ASC LIMIT :limit")
public List<User> getUserWhereUserIdBigThan(int uid, int limit);
@Query("SELECT * FROM user_table WHERE userId =:uid")
public List<User> getUserWhereUserIdEqual(int uid);
@Query("SELECT * FROM user_table WHERE userId BETWEEN :minId AND :maxId ORDER BY userId ASC")
public List<User> getUserIdBetween(int minId, int maxId);
@Insert(onConflict = OnConflictStrategy.REPLACE)
public void insertUser(User... users);
@Update
public void updateUser(User... users);
@Delete
public void deleteUser(User... users);
}
UserDatabase.java:
package zhangphil.demo;
import android.arch.persistence.room.Database;
import android.arch.persistence.room.RoomDatabase;
/**
* Created by Phil on 2017/11/22.
*/
@Database(entities = {User.class}, version = 1, exportSchema = false)
public abstract class UserDatabase extends RoomDatabase {
public abstract UserDao getUserDao();
}
代码运行结果,初始化:
当点击“添加数据”添加完数据库数据后,点击“更新”按钮后:
小结:
(一)在本例中,使用Android Room获得分页数据时候,和之前的UserDao相比,增加了SQL查询约束LIMIT,关于LIMIT,详情见附录文章3。从SQL取数据时,就事先作为分页,把数据分块,而不像以前那样一次性无脑取出数据库表中的全部数据。从而提高了性能。
(二)AsyncListUtil需要延迟的主动refresh(),才能再初始化后且无滚动RecyclerView时加载出来数据。本例中在MainActivity的onCreate最后,开启一个线程,该线程故意延迟一定时间,然后才启动AsyncListUtil的refresh()。之所以这么做,有部分原因是因为AsyncListUtil和RecyclerView之间,UI绘制和数据的更新没有同步,导致第一次初始化加载后,无法刷出来数据。明显的现象就是:如果数据库中有数据,初次打开整个程序,RecyclerView加载出来的每个item是空的,但是明明此时数据库中有数据,按照道理应该初始化加载出来,但是没有。追踪代码就会发现,导致这一现象发生,极大程度上是AsyncListUtil的回调先于RecyclerView完成初始化,导致onDataRefresh和getItemRangeInto
捕捉和使用的第一个和最后一个RecyclerView可见item position均为-1引起。
附录:
1,《Android官方ORM数据库Room技术解决方案:@Embedded内嵌对象(二)》链接:http://blog.csdn.net/zhangphil/article/details/78621009
2,《Android官方ORM数据库Room技术解决方案简介(一)》链接:http://blog.csdn.net/zhangphil/article/details/78611632
3,《SQL数据库查询LIMIT 数据分页》链接:http://blog.csdn.net/zhangphil/article/details/78653677
4,《基于Android官方AsyncListUtil优化改进RecyclerView分页加载机制(一)》链接:http://blog.csdn.net/zhangphil/article/details/78603499
5,《基于Android官方AsyncListUtil优化经典ListView分页加载机制(二)》链接:http://blog.csdn.net/zhangphil/article/details/78645089