分区
fdisk /dev/vdb
vfat
ntfs
ext
xfs
n
p
1
2048
+100M
p
partprobe
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition 删除分区
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition 新建分区
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table 显示分区
q quit without saving changes 推出不保存
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id 修改分区功能id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit 保存更改到分区表中
x extra functionality (experts only)
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
1,4-3 Top
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-5, default 5):
Partition 5 is deleted
Command (m for help): n
All primary partitions are in use
Adding logical partition 5
First sector (618496-20971519, default 618496):
Using default value 618496
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (618496-20971519, default 20971519):+100M
Partition 5 of type Linux and of size 100 MiB is set
Command (m for help): wq
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
分区类型位主分区
分区类型位扩展分区
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/partitions
major minor #blocks name
253 0 10485760 vda
253 1 10484142 vda1
253 16 10485760 vdb
253 17 102400 vdb1
253 18 102400 vdb2
253 19 102400 vdb3
253 20 1 vdb4
253 21 102400 vdb5
fdisk -l 查看系统上能识别的设备
cat /proc/partitions
mkfs.xfs /dev/vdb5 格式化分区/dev/vdb5（换个文件系统）之后即可识别，挂载使用
blkid 查看系统可用的设备
swapon -s 查看swap 分区大小使用情况
2.swap
3.磁盘加密
fdisk /dev/vdb
cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/vdb1
cryptsetup open /dev/vdb1 westos
mkfs.xfs /dev/mapper/westos
mount /dev/mapper/westos /mnt/
umount /mnt/
cryptsetup close westos
cryptsetup open /dev/vdb1 lol
cryptsetup luksFormat/dev/vdb1 密码设置成功不提示
cryptsetup open /dev/vdb1 lol 打开才能用 ll/dev/mapper/ 查看
13 ll /dev/mapper/
14 mkfs.xfs /dev/mapper/lol
15 mount /dev/mapper/lol /mnt/
16 df
17 cd /mnt/ 保存文件数据 挂载前后识别的是不同的设备
18 touch tiomo
19 vim tiomo
20 cat tiomo
21 umount /mnt/
22 cd
25 umount /mnt/
26 cryptsetup close lol
22.加密磁盘的永久挂载
vim /etc/crypttab
解密后设备文件管理文件 设备 加密字符存放文件
vim /root/lukspdfile
chmod 600 /root/lukspsfile
cryptsetup luksAddKey /dev/vdb1 /root/lukspsfile
vim /etc/fstable
/dev/mapper/taxing /mnt xfs defaults 00
reboot
3.加密清除
vim /etc/fstab
> /etc/crypttab
rm -rf /root/lukspsfile
umount /mnt
cryptsetup close taxing
mkfs.xfs /dev/vdb1
4.磁盘阵列
C创建
l执行级别
a如果没有这个盘自动建立
n同时几块盘创建riad
x闲置
1 fdisk /dev/vdb
3 partprobe
4 cat /proc/partitions
6 mdadm -C /dev/md0 -a yes -l 1 -n 2 -x 1 /dev/vdb{1..3}
7 mkfs.xfs /dev/md0
8 cat /proc/partitions
9 mount /dev/md0 /mnt/
10 df
11 cd /mnt/
12 touch aa
13 ls
watch -n 1 cat /proc/mdstat 监控/dev/md0 状态
停止磁盘阵列
15 mdadm -f /dev/md0 /dev/vdb1 先 -f（使停止。处于损坏的状态） 再 -r（使删除）
16 mdadm -r /dev/md0 /dev/vdb1
17 mdadm -f /dev/md0 /dev/vdb3
18 mdadm -r /dev/md0 /dev/vdb3
20 mdadm -f /dev/md0 /dev/vdb2 最后一块在使用，不能删除，需要停止磁盘阵列
21 df
22 umount /mnt/
23 cd
24 umount /mnt/ 停止磁盘阵列前先卸载
25 mdadm -S /dev/md0 停止磁盘阵列
5.配额
mkdir /pub
chmod 1777 /pub/
mount -o usrquota /dev/vdb1 /pub
quotaon -uv /dev/vdb1 指定激活显示
edquota -u student 编辑设置
Disk quotas for user taxing (uid 1001):
Filesystem blocks soft hard inodes soft hard
/dev/vdb1 482800 0 500000 1 0 0
~
su - taxing
[taxing@localhost pub]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/pub/file bs=1M count=500
dd: error writing ‘/pub/file’: No space left on device
472+0 records in
471+0 records out
494387200 bytes (494 MB) copied, 2.10227 s, 235 MB/s
永久挂载(开机启动)
vim /etc/fstab
fdisk /dev/vdb
vfat
ntfs
ext
xfs
n
p
1
2048
+100M
p
partprobe
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition 删除分区
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition 新建分区
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table 显示分区
q quit without saving changes 推出不保存
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id 修改分区功能id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit 保存更改到分区表中
x extra functionality (experts only)
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
1,4-3 Top
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-5, default 5):
Partition 5 is deleted
Command (m for help): n
All primary partitions are in use
Adding logical partition 5
First sector (618496-20971519, default 618496):
Using default value 618496
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (618496-20971519, default 20971519):+100M
Partition 5 of type Linux and of size 100 MiB is set
Command (m for help): wq
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
分区类型位主分区
分区类型位扩展分区
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/partitions
major minor #blocks name
253 0 10485760 vda
253 1 10484142 vda1
253 16 10485760 vdb
253 17 102400 vdb1
253 18 102400 vdb2
253 19 102400 vdb3
253 20 1 vdb4
253 21 102400 vdb5
fdisk -l 查看系统上能识别的设备
cat /proc/partitions
mkfs.xfs /dev/vdb5 格式化分区/dev/vdb5（换个文件系统）之后即可识别，挂载使用
blkid 查看系统可用的设备
swapon -s 查看swap 分区大小使用情况
2.swap
3.磁盘加密
fdisk /dev/vdb
cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/vdb1
cryptsetup open /dev/vdb1 westos
mkfs.xfs /dev/mapper/westos
mount /dev/mapper/westos /mnt/
umount /mnt/
cryptsetup close westos
cryptsetup open /dev/vdb1 lol
cryptsetup luksFormat/dev/vdb1 密码设置成功不提示
cryptsetup open /dev/vdb1 lol 打开才能用 ll/dev/mapper/ 查看
13 ll /dev/mapper/
14 mkfs.xfs /dev/mapper/lol
15 mount /dev/mapper/lol /mnt/
16 df
17 cd /mnt/ 保存文件数据 挂载前后识别的是不同的设备
18 touch tiomo
19 vim tiomo
20 cat tiomo
21 umount /mnt/
22 cd
25 umount /mnt/
26 cryptsetup close lol
22.加密磁盘的永久挂载
vim /etc/crypttab
解密后设备文件管理文件 设备 加密字符存放文件
vim /root/lukspdfile
chmod 600 /root/lukspsfile
cryptsetup luksAddKey /dev/vdb1 /root/lukspsfile
vim /etc/fstable
/dev/mapper/taxing /mnt xfs defaults 00
reboot
3.加密清除
vim /etc/fstab
> /etc/crypttab
rm -rf /root/lukspsfile
umount /mnt
cryptsetup close taxing
mkfs.xfs /dev/vdb1
4.磁盘阵列
C创建
l执行级别
a如果没有这个盘自动建立
n同时几块盘创建riad
x闲置
1 fdisk /dev/vdb
3 partprobe
4 cat /proc/partitions
6 mdadm -C /dev/md0 -a yes -l 1 -n 2 -x 1 /dev/vdb{1..3}
7 mkfs.xfs /dev/md0
8 cat /proc/partitions
9 mount /dev/md0 /mnt/
10 df
11 cd /mnt/
12 touch aa
13 ls
watch -n 1 cat /proc/mdstat 监控/dev/md0 状态
停止磁盘阵列
15 mdadm -f /dev/md0 /dev/vdb1 先 -f（使停止。处于损坏的状态） 再 -r（使删除）
16 mdadm -r /dev/md0 /dev/vdb1
17 mdadm -f /dev/md0 /dev/vdb3
18 mdadm -r /dev/md0 /dev/vdb3
20 mdadm -f /dev/md0 /dev/vdb2 最后一块在使用，不能删除，需要停止磁盘阵列
21 df
22 umount /mnt/
23 cd
24 umount /mnt/ 停止磁盘阵列前先卸载
25 mdadm -S /dev/md0 停止磁盘阵列
5.配额
mkdir /pub
chmod 1777 /pub/
mount -o usrquota /dev/vdb1 /pub
quotaon -uv /dev/vdb1 指定激活显示
edquota -u student 编辑设置
Disk quotas for user taxing (uid 1001):
Filesystem blocks soft hard inodes soft hard
/dev/vdb1 482800 0 500000 1 0 0
~
su - taxing
[taxing@localhost pub]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/pub/file bs=1M count=500
dd: error writing ‘/pub/file’: No space left on device
472+0 records in
471+0 records out
494387200 bytes (494 MB) copied, 2.10227 s, 235 MB/s
永久挂载(开机启动)
vim /etc/fstab
/dev/vdb1 /mnt xfs defaults,usrquota 0 0
本文转自 Taxing祥 51CTO博客，原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/12118369/1871428
