1.在python2：

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#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import  sys
print (sys.getdefaultencoding())              #获取系统默认编码
 
#1.utf-8转gbk
s  =  "你好"
s_to_unicode  =  s.decode( "utf-8" )             #将utf-8类型转换为unicode
print (s_to_unicode)
print ( type (s_to_unicode))
 
s_to_gbk  =  s.decode( "utf-8" ).encode( "gbk" )   #utf-8转gbk：将utf-8先decode成unicode，在encode成gbk
print (s_to_gbk)
#注：unicode可以直接打印utf-8编码字符
 
#2.gbk转utf-8
gbk_to_utf8  =  s_to_gbk.decode( "gbk" ).encode( "utf-8" )
print (gbk_to_utf8)

2.在python：

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import  sys
print (sys.getdefaultencoding())                  #获取系统默认编码utf-8（忽略）
 
msg  =  "你好"                                     #默认就是unicode,不用再decode
print (msg)
msg_gb2312  =  msg.encode( "gb2312" )                #unicode转成gb2312，转成gb2312的同时会转成bytes类型
print (msg_gb2312)
 
gb2312_to_unicode  =  msg_gb2312.decode( "gb2312" )     #gb2312转unicode
print (gb2312_to_unicode)
 
gb2312_to_utf8  =  msg_gb2312.decode( "gb2312" ).encode( "utf-8" )         #gb2312转utf-8，转成utf-8的同时会转成bytes类型
print (gb2312_to_utf8)