Windows上使用Cygwin和Gitolite搭建Git服务器

原文：http://alone11.iteye.com/blog/1078297

安装Cygwin

1. 下载 setup.exe
2. 打开setup.exe, 选择Install from Internet
3. 选择安装Cygwin到C:\cygwin
4. 选择存储下载文件的目录为C:\
5. 选择下载站点的镜像
6. 选择安装以下软件包：
   • Net | openssh (不要选成openssl)
   • Devel | git
   • Devel | git-completion
   • Devel | git-gui
   • Devel | git-svn (如果需要同时提交到svn)
   • Devel | gitk
   • Editors | vim

集成Cygwin和Windows Security

1. 打开C:\cygwin\Cygwin.bat
2. $ bin/cyglsa-config
   Warning: Registering the Cygwin LSA authentication package requires administrator privileges! You also have to reboot the machine to activate the change. 
   
   Are you sure you want to continue? (yes/no)
3. 选择yes
4. 重启Windows

搭建SSH服务器

1. 打开C:\cygwin\Cygwin.bat
2. $ ssh-host-config
   *** Info: Generating /etc/ssh_host_key
   *** Info: Generating /etc/ssh_host_rsa_key
   *** Info: Generating /etc/ssh_host_dsa_key
   *** Info: Generating /etc/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
   *** Info: Creating default /etc/ssh_config file
   *** Info: Creating default /etc/sshd_config file
   *** Info: Privilege separation is set to yes by default since OpenSSH 3.3.
   *** Info: However, this requires a non-privileged account called 'sshd'.
   *** Info: For more info on privilege separation read /usr/share/doc/openssh/README.privsep.
   *** Query: Should privilege separation be used? (yes/no)
3. 选择yes
   *** Info: Note that creating a new user requires that the current account have
   *** Info: Administrator privileges. Should this script attempt to create a
   *** Query: new local account 'sshd'? (yes/no)
4. 选择yes
   *** Info: Updating /etc/sshd_config file
   *** Info: Added ssh to C:\WINDOWS\system32\driversc\services
   
   
   *** Warning: The following functions require administrator privileges!
   
   *** Query: Do you want to install sshd as a service?
   *** Query: (Say "no" if it is already installed as a service) (yes/no)
5. 选择yes
   *** Query: Enter the value of CYGWIN for the daemon: []
6. 输入tty
   *** Info: The sshd service has been installed under the LocalSystem
   *** Info: account (also known as SYSTEM). To start the service now, call
   *** Info: `net start sshd' or `cygrunsrv -S sshd'. Otherwise, it
   *** Info: will start automatically after the next reboot.
   
   *** Info: Host configuration finished. Have fun!
7. 配置结束，确认端口22可用。启动服务：sc start sshd

允许SSH客户端访问

1. 创建一个名为git的用户，设置密码，并确保密码不会过期。
2. 在Cygwin Bash中，执行命令: mkpasswd -l -u git >> /etc/passwd

验证下SSH登录

1. 打开Cygwin Bash
2. $ ssh git@10.0.2.15
   Administrator@china-fe1bdcde5 ~
   $ ssh git@10.0.2.15
   The authenticity of host '10.0.2.15 (10.0.2.15)' can't be established.
   ECDSA key fingerprint is 5d:a6:81:98:43:fa:5a:f6:df:ba:18:b9:a0:76:87:f8.
   Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
   Warning: Permanently added '10.0.2.15' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
   git@10.0.2.15's password:
   Could not chdir to home directory /home/git: No such file or directory
   Copying skeleton files.
   These files are for the users to personalise their cygwin experience.
   
   They will never be overwritten nor automatically updated.
   
   `./.bashrc' -> `/home/git//.bashrc'
   `./.bash_profile' -> `/home/git//.bash_profile'
   `./.inputrc' -> `/home/git//.inputrc'
   `./.profile' -> `/home/git//.profile'
   
   git@china-fe1bdcde5 ~
   $
3. 以git用户登录成功

创建SSH密钥, 并使能够通过SSH identity以git用户登录SSH服务器

1. 打开Cygwin Bash
2. $ ssh-keygen -t rsa (所有输入都为空，即使用默认配置，密码为空)
   $ ssh-keygen -t rsa
   Generating public/private rsa key pair.
   Enter file in which to save the key (/home/Administrator/.ssh/id_rsa):
   Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
   Enter same passphrase again:
   Your identification has been saved in /home/Administrator/.ssh/id_rsa.
   Your public key has been saved in /home/Administrator/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
   The key fingerprint is:
   6a:02:9f:42:99:7c:fe:52:e7:a9:fe:1b:15:1e:70:31 Administrator@china-fe1bdcde5
   The key's randomart image is:
   +--[ RSA 2048]----+
   | . E. |
   | o . |
   | o |
   | . o . o |
   | * . S o |
   | . = ..... |
   | . =.oo.. |
   | ..+ o. |
   | o+oo. |
   +-----------------+
3. $ ssh-copy-id git@10.0.2.15 (输入git用户密码)
   $ ssh-copy-id git@10.0.2.15
   git@10.0.2.15's password:
   Now try logging into the machine, with "ssh 'git@10.0.2.15'", and check in:
   
   ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
   
   to make sure we haven't added extra keys that you weren't expecting.
4. 验证下，以git用户登录：ssh git@10.0.2.15
   $ ssh git@10.0.2.15
   Last login: Sat Jun 11 23:06:14 2011 from china-fe1bdcde5
   
   git@china-fe1bdcde5 ~
   $
5. 不需要输入密码，即登录成功

安装Gitolite

1. 打开Cygwin Bash
2. $ cd /tmp
3. $ git clone git://github.com/sitaramc/gitolite.git
4. $ cd gitolite/src/
5. $ ./gl-easy-install git 10.0.2.15 alec (可以单独执行gl-easy-install查看各个参数的意义)
6. 根据安装向导一步步完成配置(其中需要配置alec的密码，生成SSH密钥)
7. 当走到需要编辑配置文件(用vim编辑)的时候，在开头插入：$ENV{PATH} = "/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin";，保存并退出(:wq) 如： 
   # configuration variables for gitolite
   $ENV{PATH} = "/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin"; 
   # PLEASE READ THE DOCUMENTATION BEFORE EDITING OR ASKING QUESTIONS
   # ( http://github.com/sitaramc/gitolite/blob/pu/doc/gitolite.rc.mkd )
   # ( or http://sitaramc.github.com/gitolite/doc/gitolite.rc.html )
   
   # this file is in perl syntax. However, you do NOT need to know perl to edit
   # it; it should be fairly self-explanatory and easy to maintain
8. 继续完成安装。当完成安装之后，可以在当前用户的home目录下面看到gitolite-admin目录。
9. $ cd ~/gitolite-admin
10. $ git status
    Administrator@china-fe1bdcde5 ~/gitolite-admin
    $ git status
    # On branch master
    nothing to commit (working directory clean)

到此整个git server已经安装结束，可以参考Gitolite文档来配置：添加user和repository