一、安装
①RedHat/CentOS下的docker安装
RedHat/CentOS必须要6.6版本以上，或者7.x才能安装docker，建议在RedHat/CentOS 7上使用docker，因为RedHat/CentOS 7的内核升级到了kernel 3.10，对lxc容器支持更好。
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# yum -y install docker
# systemctl start docker
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②Ubuntu下docker安装
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# sudo apt-get install docker.io
# service docker.io start
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二、查看docker版本
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# docker version
Client:
Version: 1.8.2-el7.centos
API version: 1.20
Package Version: docker-1.8.2-10.el7.centos.x86_64
Go version: go1.4.2
Git commit: a01dc02
/1
.8.2
Built:
OS
/Arch
: linux
/amd64
Server:
Version: 1.8.2-el7.centos
API version: 1.20
Package Version:
Go version: go1.4.2
Git commit: a01dc02
/1
.8.2
Built:
OS
/Arch
: linux
/amd64
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三、查看docker安装的相关信息
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# docker info
Containers: 1
Images: 6
Storage Driver: devicemapper
Pool Name: docker-253:0-35256846-pool
Pool Blocksize: 65.54 kB
Backing Filesystem: xfs
Data
file
:
/dev/loop0
Metadata
file
:
/dev/loop1
Data Space Used: 2.052 GB
Data Space Total: 107.4 GB
Data Space Available: 14.88 GB
Metadata Space Used: 1.774 MB
Metadata Space Total: 2.147 GB
Metadata Space Available: 2.146 GB
Udev Sync Supported:
true
Deferred Removal Enabled:
false
Data loop
file
:
/var/lib/docker/devicemapper/devicemapper/data
Metadata loop
file
:
/var/lib/docker/devicemapper/devicemapper/metadata
Library Version: 1.02.107-RHEL7 (2015-10-14)
Execution Driver: native-0.2
Logging Driver: json-
file
Kernel Version: 3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
CPUs: 1
Total Memory: 475.7 MiB
Name: docker
ID: 22N4:5F3A:UW62:O5MQ:LVV2:RLQY:3YFU:AABC:DJFC:3HNV:UG3E:7OEK
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四、列出、搜索镜像
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# docker images ##列出本地已有的镜像
# docker search cenots ##从默认镜像仓库搜索镜像
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注:没有/分隔前缀的表示官方镜像,尽量选择官方镜像或者下载量较高的镜像使用
五、下载镜像并查看
①下载Ubuntu15.10
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# docker pull ubuntu:15.10
3e0c71ada2db: Download complete
6cd64557b0fd: Download complete
b53bfb363b42: Download complete
7644a86243c4: Download complete
Status: Downloaded newer image
for
docker.io
/ubuntu
:15.10
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②下载CentOS7
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# docker pull centos:7
60e65a8e4030: Download complete
47d44cb6f252: Download complete
838c1c5c4f83: Download complete
5764f0a31317: Download complete
Status: Downloaded newer image
for
docker.io
/centos
:7
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③查看镜像
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# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
储存库 标签 镜像ID 创建时间 大小
docker.io
/centos
7 60e65a8e4030 2 weeks ago 196.6 MB
docker.io
/ubuntu
15.10 3e0c71ada2db 4 weeks ago 133.5 MB
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六、启动一个docker容器
# docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
主要选项：
-d : 以后台进行方式运行容器
-t : 提供一个伪终端
-i : 提供交互输入,一般与“-t”一起使用,如只提供“-i”选项，则容器启动后无法退出
-v : 映射一个volume给容器，如： -p /data/www:/var/www/html
-p : 将容器的端口映射给宿主机，如： -p 8080:80
实例1:
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# docker run -it centos:7 /bin/bash ##以交互方式启动一个容器
[root@12984bf5e533 /]
# ls
anaconda-post.log dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr
bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var
[root@12984bf5e533 /]
# exit
exit
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# docker commit -m "centos" -a "zhi" 12984bf5e533 zhi/centos:v1
016e8163a8b0dcc93c7ea651bb8e6f9490a1f4321e2c2df0be6d1b6b08c12ad3
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注:commit命令用来将容器转化为镜像，-m参数用来指定提交的说明信息；
-a参数用来指定用户信息；12984bf5e533指容器的ID；
zhi/centos:v1指定目标镜像的用户名、仓库名及tag信息。创建成功后会返回该镜像的ID信息。
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# docker images ##列出镜像列表
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
zhi
/centos
v1 016e8163a8b About a minute ago 196.6 MB
docker.io
/centos
7 60e65a8e4030 4 weeks ago 196.6 MB
docker.io
/ubuntu
15.10 3e0c71ada2db 7 weeks ago 133.5 MB
# docker run -it zhi/centos:v1
[root@05c5000250ea /]
# uname
Linux
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实例2:
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# docker run -it ubuntu:15.10
root@c340d2ffb0a0:/
# apt-get update
root@c340d2ffb0a0:/
# sudo apt-get -y install nginx
root@c340d2ffb0a0:/
# nginx -v
nginx version: nginx
/1
.9.3 (Ubuntu)
root@c340d2ffb0a0:/
# exit
exit
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# docker ps ##查看当前运行的容器
# docker ps -a ##查看所有容器，包括已停止容器
# docker commit -m "Nginx in Ubuntu" -a "zhi" c340d2ffb0a0 zhi/ubuntu-nginx:v1
ceb3f407b6c4959514d72a420e4c0d3ade47d6b401eb6d2b5cbfd51f58918918
# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
zhi
/ubuntu-nginx
v1 ceb3f407b6c4 53 seconds ago 237.7 MB
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六、推送镜像到 Docker Hub
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# docker login ##创建docker hub帐号(也可网页注册)
Username: wangzhijian
Password:
Email: wangzhijiansd@qq.com
WARNING: login credentials saved
in
/root/
.docker
/config
.json
Account created. Please use the confirmation link we sent to your e-mail to activate it.
# docker login ##进行登录
Username (wangzhijian): wangzhijian
WARNING: login credentials saved
in
/root/
.docker
/config
.json
Login Succeeded
# docker push zhi/ubuntu-nginx ##推送镜像到 Docker Hub
# docker rmi user/ubuntu:docker ##移除镜像
Untagged: user
/ubuntu
:docker
Deleted: 6373a9f4d5704ea80ad7d1d93e98f1094341b038ef266ef0ba332c5878f28ded
Deleted: cfeb58b1dc4e657387dc0495f651e0771b6079870f259548f86f01d77652a187
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七、使用 Dockerfile 构建镜像
①编写dockerfile文件
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# mkdir docker
# cd docker/
# touch dockerfile
# vi dockerfile
# This is a comment
FROM ubuntu
MAINTAINER zhi&j <wangzhijiansd@qq.com>
RUN apt-get update && apt-get
install
-y nginx
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注:
第一行为注释同时每一个指令的前缀都必须是大写的；
第二行FROM告诉Docker所使用的镜像源；
第三行使用 MAINTAINER 指令来指定谁在维护这个新镜像；
第四行指定了两个 RUN 指令，RUN 指令在镜像内执行一条命令，这里更新
APT缓存并安装nginx
②通过 docker build 命令来构建一个镜像
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# docker build -t wangzhijian/ubuntu:one .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048 kB
Step 0 : FROM ubuntu
---> d55e68e6cc9c
Step 1 : MAINTAINER zhi&j <wangzhijiansd@qq.com>
---> Running
in
a8e92a582884
---> cfeb58b1dc4e
Removing intermediate container a8e92a582884
Step 2 : RUN apt-get update && apt-get
install
-y nginx
---> Running
in
aeba1f533058
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解释:
-t标示属于wangzhijian,镜像名称为ubuntu，标签是one，"."指定dockerfile所在
八、设置镜像标签
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# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
<none> <none> 6373a9f4d570 About an hour ago 227.6 MB
# docker tag 6373a9f4d570 user/ubuntu:docker
# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
user
/ubuntu
docker 6373a9f4d570 About an hour ago 227.6 MB
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Image Digests
内容定位标示符叫做 digest。只要用于生成镜像的镜像源不更改，digests 值就是可以预料的。使用 --digests 标识来列出镜像 digests 的值
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# docker images --digests | head
REPOSITORY TAG DIGEST IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
docker.io
/centos
latest <none> 14dab3d40372 2 weeks ago 194.7 MB
docker.io
/ubuntu
latest <none> d55e68e6cc9c 3 weeks ago 187.9 MB
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九、在Docker中运行Reids服务
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# mkdir docker
# cd docker/
# touch dockerfile
# vi dockerfile
FROM ubuntu
RUN apt-get update
RUN apt-get -y
install
redis-server
EXPOSE 6379
ENTRYPOINT [
"/usr/bin/redis-server"
]
# docker build -t redis/ubuntu .
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本文转自 结束的伤感 51CTO博客，原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/wangzhijian/1750858
