例行吐槽:有年月没更新博客了,最近太浮躁了,以前一起工作的小伙伴都找到新的东家了,薪资条那叫一个长,不开森了,都不带我[]
#######################分隔线####################
一、简介
saltstack 是一个新基础设施管理工具,可以看做是强化的Func+弱化puppet的组合,间接的反映出了saltstack的两大功能:远程执行命令与配置管理,
saltstack是使用python开发的,非常简单易用和轻量级的管理工具,由master和minion构成,通过ZeroMQ进行通信
二、安装
安装时需要epel源的支持,请自行安装与当系统匹配的epel源
*:安装依赖包
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yum
install
python-jinja2 -y
|
1、安装master端
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yum -y
install
salt-master enablerepr=epel-testing
|
2、安装minion端
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yum -y
install
salt-minion enablerepr=epel-testing
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三、配置环境
a、master
1、修改本地绑定地址
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sed
-ie
's/^#.*interface:.*/\ interface: 192.168.2.65/g'
/etc/salt/master
|
注:或是此处写上主机名,并绑定/etc/hosts文件
2、自动接收所有minion的请求
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sed
-ie
's@^#\(auto_accept: \)False@\ \1true@g'
/etc/salt/master
|
b、minion
1、指向master
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sed
-ie
's@^#.*master:.*@\ master: salt@g'
/etc/salt/minion
|
注:由于saltstack配置文件所限,当启用每一个配置参数时对格式有严格要求,书写时请注意
四、环境测试
1、分别在master/minion中启动服务
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#service salt-master start
#service salt-minion start
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说明:
saltstack的master监听于4505,minion监听于4506;
可以将master与minion部署同一台服务器上(没有什么意义[哈哈~])。
2、salt 测试
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[root@openapi php-fpm]
# salt "*" test.ping
192.168.2.36-CentOS.backup.
test
.backend:
True
192.168.2.30-centos.public.
test
:
True
|
说明:salt的其它命令可用salt --help很简单,在此不多介绍
五、salt 常用的正则表达式(部分)
a、E:正则匹配
可以在每一个句后面加一个 -l debug来显示命令具体执行过程
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[root@openapi self_userd]
# salt -E '(backend81)' test.ping
backend81:
True
[root@openapi self_userd]
# salt -E '(backend81)' test.ping -l debug
[DEBUG ] Reading configuration from
/etc/salt/master
[DEBUG ] Guessing ID. The
id
can be explicitly
in
set
/etc/salt/minion
[INFO ] Found minion
id
from generate_minion_id(): openapi.
test
.dns.com.cn
[DEBUG ] Missing configuration
file
: ~/.saltrc
[DEBUG ] Configuration
file
path:
/etc/salt/master
[DEBUG ] Reading configuration from
/etc/salt/master
[DEBUG ] Guessing ID. The
id
can be explicitly
in
set
/etc/salt/minion
[INFO ] Found minion
id
from generate_minion_id(): openapi.
test
.dns.com.cn
[DEBUG ] Missing configuration
file
: ~/.saltrc
[DEBUG ] MasterEvent PUB socket URI: ipc:
///var/run/salt/master/master_event_pub
.ipc
[DEBUG ] MasterEvent PULL socket URI: ipc:
///var/run/salt/master/master_event_pull
.ipc
[DEBUG ] LazyLoaded local_cache.get_load
[DEBUG ] get_iter_returns
for
jid 20150727212822728009 sent to
set
([
'backend81'
]) will timeout at 21:28:27.732956
[DEBUG ] jid 20150727212822728009
return
from backend81
backend81:
True
[DEBUG ] jid 20150727212822728009 found all minions
set
([
'backend81'
])
|
b、-L :命令行里面一般是以列表的形式来指定对象的。
c、-G:这个参数很强大,会根据默认的grain的结果来过滤。(grains也可以自己定义)
d、-N:这个参数是基于分组的,前提是你得先分好组。(分组可以定义于主匹配文件/etc/salt/master中,也可以定义于/etc/salt/master.d/*.conf)
然后可以这样使用
e、-C :表示tagger可是一个复合语句
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[root@openapi salt]
# salt -C 'G@virtual:physical and E@backend81' test.ping
backend81:
True
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f、-b :一次操作多少台,也可以使使用百分比来操作(--batch-size)
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[root@openapi salt]
# salt "*" -b 3 grains.item os
#salt "*" --batch-size 25% grains.item os
36 Detected
for
this batch run
backend81 Detected
for
this batch run
backend84 Detected
for
this batch run
zabbix.server.dns.com.cn Detected
for
this batch run
backend83 Detected
for
this batch run
webdata.backup Detected
for
this batch run
Executing run on [
'zabbix.server.dns.com.cn'
,
'webdata.backup'
,
'backend84'
]
webdata.backup:
----------
os:
CentOS
backend84:
----------
os:
CentOS
zabbix.server.dns.com.cn:
----------
os:
CentOS
Executing run on [
'backend83'
,
'backend81'
,
'36'
]
backend81:
----------
os:
CentOS
backend83:
----------
os:
CentOS
36:
----------
os:
CentOS
|
注:
更多的模块使用说明可以使用
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salt \* sys.doc |
grep
<模块名称>
|
salt 的每一个子命令都可以用-d来查看具体的用法
六、自定义grains
1、grains的优先级
grains可以保持在minion端、通过master端下发等多个方式来分发。但不同的方法有不同的优先级的:
a. /etc/salt/grains
b. /etc/salt/minion
c./srv/salt/_grains/ master端_grains目录下
优先级顺序依次为存在在minion端/etc/salt/minion配置文件中的同名grains会覆盖/etc/salt/grains文件中的值,而通过master端_grains目录下grains文件下发的值可以会覆盖minion端的所有同名值。比较拗口,总之记得,通过master下发的grains优先级是最高的可,/etc/salt/minion次之,/etc/salt/grains最低(core grains不大懂,就不讨论了,这个比/etc/salt/grains还低)
2、自定义grains
注:
a、首先要在master端的主匹配文件中开启file_roots
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file_roots:
base:
-
/srv/salt
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b、如果没有以上目录,创建即可(此处使用_grains目录)
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[root@openapi _grains]
# pwd
/srv/salt/_grains
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c、自定义grains字典
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[root@openapi _grains]
# cat ports.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf8
def
open_moutil_port ():
grains
=
{}
grains[
'web_port'
]
=
'80'
grains[
'mysql_path'
]
=
'/data/mysql'
grains[
'mysqld_port'
]
=
'3307'
grains[
'max_open_file'
]
=
'65535'
return
grains
|
d、同步grains并重新加载grains(grains是“静态”的,是每一个minion接入到master自动提交的)
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[root@openapi _grains]
# salt "*" saltutil.sync_all
192.168.2.36-CentOS.backup.
test
.backend:
----------
beacons:
grains:
modules:
outputters:
renderers:
returners:
states:
utils:
192.168.2.30-centos.public.
test
:
----------
beacons:
grains:
modules:
outputters:
renderers:
returners:
states:
utils:
[root@openapi _grains]
# salt '*' sys.reload_modules
192.168.2.36-CentOS.backup.
test
.backend:
True
192.168.2.30-centos.public.
test
:
True
|
e、查询自定义的grains
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[root@openapi _grains]
# salt "*" grains.item web_port
192.168.2.36-CentOS.backup.
test
.backend:
----------
web_port:
80
192.168.2.30-centos.public.
test
:
----------
web_port:
80
|
七、LNMP环境
1、目录结构如下:
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[root@openapi salt]
# tree
.
├── _grains
│ └── ports.py
├── lnmp.sls
├── mysql
│ ├── installed.sls
│ └── my.cnf
├── nginx
│ ├── default.conf
│ └── installed.sls
├── php-fpm
│ ├── index.php
│ └── installed.sls
└──
top
.sls
|
a、top文件(此文件必须存在,它定义了各minion的执行规划)
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[root@openapi salt]
# cat top.sls
base:
'192.168.2.30-centos.public.test'
:
#此处可以写组、正则、或minion;匹配目标
- nginx.installed
#这表示到那一个目录下的那一个文件 ,此部分表示在30安装nginx,php-fpm
- php-fpm.installed
'192.168.2.36-CentOS.backup.test.backend'
:
- mysql.installed
#在2.36上安装mysql-server
|
b、nginx目录下的文件
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[root@openapi nginx]
# ll
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 sysadmin sysadmin 1102 Jul 29 21:50 default.conf
#nginx 默认的配置文件,只改了root目录为/var/www/html,其它地方与/etc/nginx/conf.d/default完全一样
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 360 Jul 29 23:23 installed.sls
#操作文件
[root@openapi nginx]
# cat installed.sls
nginx:
#id
pkg.installed:
#使用pkg安装包,installed表示要安装完成,也可以指定版本来保证所有环境使用同一版本软件包
- name: nginx
#包名,如果没有将继承id名称
service.running:
#服务状态
-
enable
: True
#是否启动
- reload: True
#重新载入
-
watch
:
#监控文件
-
file
:
/etc/nginx/conf
.d
/default
.conf
#如果此文件发生变化将文件重新装载到服务中
- require:
#依赖
- pkg: nginx
#包名
file
.managed:
#文件操作
- name:
/etc/nginx/conf
.d
/default
.conf
#文件名
-
source
: salt:
//nginx/default
.conf
#base下那一个文件
- user: nginx
#用户
- group: root
#组
- mode: 644
#权限
- backup: minion
#将上一个版本的文件备份。(如果有的话)
- require:
#依赖
- pkg: nginx
|
c、mysql目录下的文件
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[root@openapi mysql]
# ll
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 434 Jul 29 23:07 installed.sls
#操作文件
-rw-r--r-- 1 sysadmin sysadmin 775 Jul 29 22:26 my.cnf
#默认的匹配文件
[root@openapi mysql]
# cat installed.sls
mysql-server:
pkg.installed:
- name: mysql-server
service.running:
- name: mysqld
-
enable
: True
- reload: True
-
watch
:
-
file
:
/etc/my
.cnf
- require:
- pkg: mysql-server
file
.managed:
- name:
/etc/my
.cnf
-
source
: salt:
//mysql/my
.cnf
- user: mysql
- group: mysql
- mode: 644
- backup: minion
mysql:
pkg.installed:
- name: mysql
myslq-devel:
pkg.installed:
- name: mysql-devel
|
d、php-fpm目录下的文件
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[root@openapi php-fpm]
# ll
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 22 Jul 29 22:35 index.php
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 351 Jul 29 23:34 installed.sls
[root@openapi php-fpm]
# cat index.php #php测试页面
<?php
phpinfo()
?>
[root@openapi php-fpm]
# cat installed.sls
php-xcache:
pkg.installed:
- name: php-xcache
php-fpm:
pkg.installed:
- name: php-fpm
service.running:
-
enable
: Ture
- require:
- pkg: php-fpm
file
.managed:
- name:
/var/www/html/index
.php
-
source
: salt:
//php-fpm/index
.php
- user: nginx
- group: root
- mode: 644
- require:
- pkg: php-fpm
|
注:在php-fpm中的installed.sls如果需要的模块不是php-fpm依赖的必需定义到phf-fpm之前,如果先安装完成php-fpm后安装所需要的php模块,还要重新reloadphp-fpm服务才能生效
e、定义顺序文件
lnmp环境一般要先行安装数据库-->web服务-->php-fpm所以要定义一下两台不同服务执行执行顺序。
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[root@openapi salt]
# pwd
/srv/salt
[root@openapi salt]
# cat lnmp.sls
db_setup:
#id
salt.state:
#状态
- tgt:
'192.168.2.36-CentOS.backup.test.backend'
#目标与base定义的一样
- highstate: True
web_setup:
salt.state:
- tgt:
'192.168.2.30-centos.public.test'
- highstate: True
- require:
#依赖
- salt: db_setup
|
2、执行操作
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salt-run state.orchestrate lnmp
|
注: 也可以使用如下命令测试
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|
salt-run state.orchestrate lnmp
test
=Ture
|
剩下说等待操作完成了
3、最络执行结果
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[root@openapi nginx]
# salt-run state.orchestrate lnmp
openapi.
test
.dns.com.cn_master:
----------
ID: db_setup
Function: salt.state
Result: True
Comment: States ran successfully. No changes made to 192.168.2.36-CentOS.backup.
test
.backend.
Started: 23:27:11.401701
Duration: 3533.27 ms
Changes:
----------
ID: web_setup
Function: salt.state
Result: True
Comment: States ran successfully. Updating 192.168.2.30-centos.public.
test
.
Started: 23:27:14.936140
Duration: 46763.368 ms
Changes:
192.168.2.30-centos.public.
test
:
----------
ID: nginx
Function: pkg.installed
Result: True
Comment: Package nginx is already installed.
Started: 23:29:08.840872
Duration: 971.023 ms
Changes:
----------
ID: nginx
Function:
file
.managed
Name:
/etc/nginx/conf
.d
/default
.conf
Result: True
Comment: File
/etc/nginx/conf
.d
/default
.conf is
in
the correct state
Started: 23:29:09.816842
Duration: 5.82 ms
Changes:
----------
ID: nginx
Function: service.running
Result: True
Comment: Service nginx is already enabled, and is
in
the desired state
Started: 23:29:09.822994
Duration: 273.52 ms
Changes:
----------
ID: php-fpm
Function: pkg.installed
Result: True
Comment: The following packages were installed
/updated
: php-fpm
Started: 23:29:10.097200
Duration: 26085.157 ms
Changes:
----------
php-fpm:
----------
new:
5.3.3-46.el6_6
old:
----------
ID: php-fpm
Function: service.running
Result: True
Comment: Started Service php-fpm
Started: 23:29:36.192137
Duration: 301.652 ms
Changes:
----------
php-fpm:
True
----------
ID: php-fpm
Function:
file
.managed
Name:
/var/www/html/index
.php
Result: True
Comment: File
/var/www/html/index
.php updated
Started: 23:29:36.499508
Duration: 23.542 ms
Changes:
----------
diff
:
New
file
mode:
0644
user:
nginx
----------
ID: php-xcache
Function: pkg.installed
Result: True
Comment: The following packages were installed
/updated
: php-xcache
Started: 23:29:36.527960
Duration: 16844.534 ms
Changes:
----------
php-xcache:
----------
new:
3.0.4-1.el6
old:
Summary
------------
Succeeded: 7 (changed=4)
Failed: 0
------------
Total states run: 7
Summary
------------
Succeeded: 2 (changed=1)
Failed: 0
------------
Total states run: 2
|
温馨提示:在卸载软件包时,千万不要用yum、yum、yum.
a、查看服务状态
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[root@openapi salt]
# salt "192.168.2.36-CentOS.backup.test.backend" service.status mysqld
192.168.2.36-CentOS.backup.
test
.backend:
Ture
[root@openapi salt]
# salt "192.168.2.30-centos.public.test" service.status nginx
192.168.2.30-centos.public.
test
:
Ture
[root@openapi salt]
# salt "192.168.2.30-centos.public.test" service.status php-fpm
192.168.2.30-centos.public.
test
:
Ture
|
b、测试php
#########################到此lnmp部署完成###############################
ps:
其它了服务也是同理,是重要的是注意操作文件的格式及服务执行的先后顺序。
下次更新来个源码的及pillar的使用!回家,碎觉~