系统架构：
可
| 源 库 | 目标库 | |
| 操作系统 | Linux RH6 | AIX 5.3-09 |
| 主机名 | rh6（192.168.8.245） | aix211（192.168.8.211） |
| 数据版本 | Oracle 11gR2 | Oracle 11gR2 |
| 数据库名 | prod | orcl |
| 表空间 | test1 | test1 |
可传输表空间概述
Oracle 的可传输表空间特性通过将 元数据和数据文件 简单地从一个数据库移动到另一个数据库，提供 在数据库之间有效移动大数据的一种简易方法。代替重新创建对象，可移植表空间可以让 毫不费力地移动大对象，而所花费的时间是你手动创建这些对象的时间。 可移植表空间包括将属于源数据库的所有数据文件拷贝到目标数据库，并将关于表空间 数据目录信息从源数据库拷贝到目标数据库。因此，数据泵取导出和导入实用程序是可移 表空间特性的一部分。还可以传送属于表的索引表空间，使整个数据移植非常地快。
可移植表空间的应用场景 ：
把数据从源数据库移动到数据仓库
把数据从升级数据库移动到数据集
把数据从数据仓库移动到数据集
执行表空间时间点恢复 (PITR)
归档历史数据
然而，在 Oracle9i 数据库和更低版本中，可传输表空间仅限于在目标数据库和源数据库都运行在同一操作系统平台上的少数情况下才有用 — 例如，您不能在 Solaris 和 HP-UX 平台之间传输表空间。
在Oracle 数据库 10g 中，这个局限消失了。
数据文件所以不能跨平台，主要是由于不同平台的字节顺序不同，这是计算机领域由来已久的问题之一，在各种计算机体系结构中，由于对于字、字节等的存储机制有所不同，通信双方交流的信息单元（比特、字节、字、双字等）应该以什么样的顺序进行传送就成了一个问题，如果不达成一致的规则，通信双方将无法进行正确的编/译码从而导致通信失败。
目前在各种体系的计算机中通常采用的字节存储机制主要有两种：Big-Endian和Little-Endian 。
一些操作系统（包括Windows）在低位内存地址中存放二进制数据的最低有效字节，因此这种系统被称为Little Endian；一些操作系统（包括Solaris）将最高有效字节存储在低位内存地址中，因此这种系统被称为Big Endian。
举一个简单点的例子，假如1122这样一个数据要存入不同系统，对于Little Endian的系统，存储的顺序就是2211，小头在前；而对于Big Endian的系统来说，存储顺序就是1122，大头在前，显然Big Endian更符合我们通常的语言习惯。
那么跨平台的问题就出现了，当一个Little Endian的系统试图从一个Big Endian的系统中读取数据时，就需要通过转换，否则不同的字节顺序将导致数据不能被正确读取。
1、查看操作系统字节顺序
SQL> col PLATFORM_NAME for a50
SQL> SELECT * FROM V$TRANSPORTABLE_PLATFORM ORDER BY PLATFORM_NAME
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25
|
PLATFORM_ID PLATFORM_NAME ENDIAN_FORMAT
----------- -------------------------------------------------- --------------
6
AIX-Based Systems (
64
-bit) Big
16
Apple Mac OS Big
21
Apple Mac OS (x86
-64
) Little
19
HP IA Open VMS Little
15
HP Open VMS Little
5
HP Tru64 UNIX Little
3
HP-UX (
64
-bit) Big
4
HP-UX IA (
64
-bit) Big
18
IBM Power Based Linux Big
9
IBM zSeries Based Linux Big
10
Linux IA (
32
-bit) Little
PLATFORM_ID PLATFORM_NAME ENDIAN_FORMAT
----------- -------------------------------------------------- --------------
11
Linux IA (
64
-bit) Little
13
Linux x86
64
-bit Little
7
Microsoft Windows IA (
32
-bit) Little
8
Microsoft Windows IA (
64
-bit) Little
12
Microsoft Windows x86
64
-bit Little
17
Solaris Operating System (x86) Little
20
Solaris Operating System (x86
-64
) Little
1
Solaris[tm] OE (
32
-bit) Big
2
Solaris[tm] OE (
64
-bit) Big
20
rows selected.
|
本案例从Linux系统传输到AIX系统，需要进行转换！
传输表空间的简要操作步骤
1) 确定平台的 Endian 格式
2) 确保表空间为自包含并使其只读(如果利用rman操作，可不用将表空间至于只读)
3) 用 exp、expdp等实用程序导出元数据
4) 转换数据文件以匹配 Endian 格式 ( 若一致可跳过）
5) 拷贝文件到目标系统
6) 使用 imp、impdp导入实用程序导入元数据
2、查看数据库信息
源库：（Linux)
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44
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数据库版本：
09
:
42
:
59
SYS@ prod >select *
from
v$version;
BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release
11.2.
0.1.
0
- Production
PL/SQL Release
11.2.
0.1.
0
- Production
CORE
11.2.
0.1.
0
Production
TNS
for
Linux: Version
11.2.
0.1.
0
- Production
NLSRTL Version
11.2.
0.1.
0
- Production
11
:
35
:
13
SYS@ prod >select name,dbid
from
v$database;
NAME DBID
--------- ----------
PROD
219724276
11
:
35
:
32
SYS@ prod >col file_name
for
a50
11
:
35
:
54
SYS@ prod >select file_id,file_name,tablespace_name
from
dba_data_files;
FILE_ID FILE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME
---------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------
4
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/users01.dbf USERS
3
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/undotbs01.dbf UNDOTBS1
2
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/sysaux01.dbf SYSAUX
1
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/system01.dbf SYSTEM
5
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/example01.dbf EXAMPLE
6
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/users02.dbf USERS
7
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/catatbs1.dbf CATATBS
8
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/perfertbs1.dbf PERFERTBS
9
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/oggtbs1.dbf OGG_TBS
10
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/test1.dbf TEST1
10
rows selected.
test1表空间用于传输：
11
:
40
:
34
SCOTT@ prod >create table emp2 tablespace test1
as
select *
from
emp;
Table created.
在test1表空间建立对象用于测试：
11
:
40
:
54
SCOTT@ prod >alter table emp2 add constraint pk_emp2 primary key (empno);
Table altered.
11
:
41
:
18
SCOTT@ prod >select count(*)
from
emp2;
COUNT(*)
----------
14
Elapsed:
00
:
00
:
00.01
|
操作系统信息：
11:42:52 SYS@ prod >SELECT d.PLATFORM_NAME, ENDIAN_FORMAT
11:43:25 2 FROM V$TRANSPORTABLE_PLATFORM tp, V$DATABASE d
11:43:25 3 WHERE tp.PLATFORM_NAME = d.PLATFORM_NAME;
|
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2
3
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PLATFORM_NAME ENDIAN_FORMAT
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------
Linux IA (
32
-bit) Little
|
数据库字符集：
|
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2
3
4
|
11
:
43
:
26
SYS@ prod >select userenv(
'LANGUAGE'
) FROM DUAL;
USERENV(
'LANGUAGE'
)
----------------------------------------------------
AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
|
目标库：（AIX）
数据库信息：
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数据库版本：
SQL> set linesize
120
SQL> select *
from
v$version;
BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release
11.2.
0.1.
0
- 64bit Production
PL/SQL Release
11.2.
0.1.
0
- Production
CORE
11.2.
0.1.
0
Production
TNS
for
IBM/AIX RISC System/
6000
: Version
11.2.
0.1.
0
- Production
NLSRTL Version
11.2.
0.1.
0
- Production
SQL> select name,dbid
from
v$database;
NAME DBID
--------- ----------
CUUG
1340865938
SQL> col file_name
for
a50
SQL> select file_id,file_name,tablespace_name
from
dba_data_files;
FILE_ID FILE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME
---------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------
4
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/users01.dbf USERS
3
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/undotbs01.dbf UNDOTBS1
2
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/sysaux01.dbf SYSAUX
1
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/system01.dbf SYSTEM
5
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/example01.dbf EXAMPLE
|
主机操作系统信息:
|
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2
3
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5
6
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SQL> SELECT d.PLATFORM_NAME, ENDIAN_FORMAT
2
FROM V$TRANSPORTABLE_PLATFORM tp, V$DATABASE d
3
WHERE tp.PLATFORM_NAME = d.PLATFORM_NAME;
PLATFORM_NAME ENDIAN_FORMAT
-------------------------------------------------- --------------
AIX-Based Systems (
64
-bit) Big
|
数据库字符集：
|
1
2
3
4
|
SQL> select userenv(
'LANGUAGE'
) FROM DUAL;
USERENV(
'LANGUAGE'
)
----------------------------------------------------
AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
|
3、传输之前检查表空间自包含
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:
46
:
45
SYS@ prod >EXECUTE DBMS_TTS.TRANSPORT_SET_CHECK(
'TEST1'
,
true
);
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
Elapsed:
00
:
00
:
39.30
11
:
47
:
43
SYS@ prod >SELECT * FROM TRANSPORT_SET_VIOLATIONS;
VIOLATIONS
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORA
-39908
: Index SCOTT.PK_EMP2
in
tablespace USERS enforces primary constraints of table SCOTT.EMP2
in
tablespace TEST1
|
由于EMP2主键建立的索引在users表空间，所以导致test1表空间不能自包含，将索引rebuild到test1表空间
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:
47
:
46
SYS@ prod >conn scott/tiger
Connected.
11
:
48
:
09
SCOTT@ prod >select index_name,table_name,tablespace_name
from
user_indexes
11
:
48
:
37
2
where
index_name=
'PK_EMP2'
;
INDEX_NAME TABLE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------
PK_EMP2 EMP2 USERS
11
:
48
:
47
SCOTT@ prod >alter index pk_emp2 rebuild tablespace test1;
Index altered.
11
:
49
:
24
SCOTT@ prod >select index_name,table_name,tablespace_name
from
user_indexes
11
:
49
:
32
2
where
index_name=
'PK_EMP2'
;
INDEX_NAME TABLE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------
PK_EMP2 EMP2 TEST1
Elapsed:
00
:
00
:
00.00
重新检查，解决自包含
|
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11
:
49
:
56
SYS@ prod >EXECUTE DBMS_TTS.TRANSPORT_SET_CHECK(
'TEST1'
,
true
);
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
Elapsed:
00
:
00
:
36.44
11
:
50
:
41
SYS@ prod >SELECT * FROM TRANSPORT_SET_VIOLATIONS;
no rows selected
|
4、导出传输表空间（test1）
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设置test1为read only模式：
11
:
50
:
48
SYS@ prod >alter tablespace test1 read only;
Tablespace altered.
建立导出目录：
11
:
53
:
16
SYS@ prod >create directory dump_dir
as
'/home/oracle/data'
;
Directory created.
11
:
54
:
20
SYS@ prod >grant read ,write
on
directory dump_dir to
public
;
Grant succeeded.
导出表空间元数据：
[oracle@rh6 data]$ expdp system dumpfile=expdat.dmp directory=dump_dir transport_full_check=y logfile=tbs.log transport_tablespaces=test1
Export: Release
11.2.
0.1.
0
- Production
on
Tue Sep
30
13
:
25
:
58
2014
Copyright (c)
1982
,
2009
, Oracle
and
/
or
its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Password:
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release
11.2.
0.1.
0
- Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining
and
Real Application Testing options
Legacy Mode Active due to the following parameters:
Legacy Mode Parameter:
"transport_tablespace=TRUE"
Location: Command Line, Replaced
with
:
"transport_tablespaces=test1"
Legacy Mode has set reuse_dumpfiles=
true
parameter.
Starting
"SYSTEM"
.
"SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01"
: system/******** dumpfile=expdat.dmp directory=dump_dir transport_full_check=y logfile=tbs.log reuse_dumpfiles=
true
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/PLUGTS_BLK
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/TABLE
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/POST_INSTANCE/PLUGTS_BLK
Master table
"SYSTEM"
.
"SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01"
successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set
for
SYSTEM.SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01 is:
/home/oracle/data/expdat.dmp
******************************************************************************
Datafiles required
for
transportable tablespace TEST1:
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/test1.dbf
Job
"SYSTEM"
.
"SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01"
successfully completed
at
13
:
27
:
04
|
查看导出文件：
|
1
2
3
4
|
[oracle@rh6 data]$ ls -lh
total 116K
-rw-r-----
1
oracle oinstall 112K Sep
30
12
:
01
expdat.dmp
-rw-r--r--
1
oracle oinstall
1.
4K Sep
30
12
:
01
tbs.log
|
在源端转换数据文件（RMAN)
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16
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18
|
[oracle
@rh6
data]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release
11.2
.
0.1
.
0
- Production on Tue Sep
30
12
:
02
:
27
2014
Copyright (c)
1982
,
2009
, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: PROD (DBID=
219724276
)
RMAN> convert tablespace test1
2
> to platform
'AIX-Based Systems (64-bit)'
3
> format
'/home/oracle/data/test1_%s.dbf'
;
Starting conversion at source at
30
-SEP-
14
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=
46
device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile conversion
input datafile file number=
00010
name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/test1.dbf
converted datafile=/home/oracle/data/test1_2.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile conversion complete, elapsed time:
00
:
00
:
03
Finished conversion at source at
30
-SEP-
14
|
在目标库建立导入目录：
|
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23
24
25
|
SQL> create directory dump_dir
as
'/home/oracle/data'
;
Directory created.
SQL> grant read,write
on
directory dump_dir to
public
;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> r
1
* select *
from
dba_directories
OWNER DIRECTORY_NAME DIRECTORY_PATH
------------------------------ ------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------
SYS ORACLE_OCM_CONFIG_DIR /u01/app/oracle/product/
11.2.
0
/db_1/ccr/state
SYS DATA_PUMP_DIR /u01/app/oracle/admin/cuug/dpdump/
SYS MEDIA_DIR /u01/app/oracle/product/
11.2.
0
/db_1/demo/schema/pr
oduct_media/
SYS XMLDIR /ade/b/
3705469564
/oracle/rdbms/xml
SYS DATA_FILE_DIR /u01/app/oracle/product/
11.2.
0
/db_1/demo/schema/sa
les_history/
SYS LOG_FILE_DIR /u01/app/oracle/product/
11.2.
0
/db_1/demo/schema/lo
g/
OWNER DIRECTORY_NAME DIRECTORY_PATH
------------------------------ ------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------
SYS SS_OE_XMLDIR /u01/app/oracle/product/
11.2.
0
/db_1/demo/schema/
or
der_entry/
SYS SUBDIR /u01/app/oracle/product/
11.2.
0
/db_1/demo/schema/
or
der_entry
//2002/Sep
SYS DUMP_DIR /home/oracle/data
9
rows selected.
|
5、传输dmp文件和转换后数据文件到目标库
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|
[oracle@rh6 data]$ ftp
192.168.
8.211
；；以二进制方式上传
Connected to
192.168.
8.211
(
192.168.
8.211
).
220
aix211 FTP server (Version
4.2
Wed Apr
2
15
:
38
:
27
CDT
2008
) ready.
Name (
192.168.
8.211
:oracle): oracle
331
Password required
for
oracle.
Password:
230
-Last unsuccessful login: Tue Sep
30
10
:
02
:
26
2014
on
/dev/pts/
1
from
192.168.
8.22
230
-Last login: Tue Sep
30
14
:
13
:
31
2014
on
/dev/pts/
1
from
192.168.
8.22
230
User oracle logged
in
.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
ftp> bin
200
Type set to I.
ftp> mput /home/oracle/data/*.dmp
mput /home/oracle/data/expdat.dmp? y
227
Entering Passive Mode (
192
,
168
,
8
,
211
,
139
,
18
)
150
Opening data connection
for
/home/oracle/data/expdat.dmp.
226
Transfer complete.
114688
bytes sent
in
0.0466
secs (
2461.86
Kbytes/sec)
ftp> mput test1*
mput test1_2.dbf? y
227
Entering Passive Mode (
192
,
168
,
8
,
211
,
139
,
21
)
150
Opening data connection
for
/home/oracle/data/test1_2.dbf.
226
Transfer complete.
10493952
bytes sent
in
2.52
secs (
4168.10
Kbytes/sec)
ftp> quit
221
Goodbye.
|
目标库查看文件：
|
1
2
3
4
|
[oracle@aix211 data]$ls -l
total
20720
-rw-r-----
1
oracle oinstall
10493952
Sep
30
14
:
30
test2.dbf
-rw-r-----
1
oracle oinstall
114688
Sep
30
14
:
30
expdat.dmp
|
6、目标库转换数据文件并导入表空间
转换数据文件：
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
|
RMAN> convert datafile
2
>
'/home/oracle/data/test1_2.dbf'
3
> db_file_name_convert=
4
>
'/home/oracle/data/test1_2.dbf'
,
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/test1.dbf'
;
Starting conversion
at
target
at
30
-SEP
-14
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile conversion
input file name=/home/oracle/data/test1_2.dbf
converted datafile=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/test1.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile conversion complete, elapsed time:
00
:
00
:
01
Finished conversion
at
target
at
30
-SEP
-14
|
导入表空间：
[oracle@aix211 data]$impdp userid=\'sys/oracle as sysdba\' dumpfile=expdat.dmp directory=dump_dir transport_datafiles=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/test1.dbf logfile=test.log
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
|
Import: Release
11.2.
0.1.
0
- Production
on
Tue Sep
30
16
:
14
:
32
2014
Copyright (c)
1982
,
2009
, Oracle
and
/
or
its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release
11.2.
0.1.
0
- 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining
and
Real Application Testing options
Master table
"SYS"
.
"SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01"
successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting
"SYS"
.
"SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01"
: userid=
"sys/******** AS SYSDBA"
dumpfile=expdat.dmp directory=dump_dir transport_datafiles=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/test1.dbf logfile=test.log
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/PLUGTS_BLK
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/TABLE
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/POST_INSTANCE/PLUGTS_BLK
Job
"SYS"
.
"SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01"
successfully completed
at
16
:
14
:
41
|
7、查看目标库传输结果
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
|
查看表空间及数据文件：
SQL> set linesize
120
SQL> r
1
* select file_id,file_name,tablespace_name
from
dba_data_files
FILE_ID FILE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME
---------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------
4
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/users01.dbf USERS
3
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/undotbs01.dbf UNDOTBS1
2
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/sysaux01.dbf SYSAUX
1
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/system01.dbf SYSTEM
5
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/example01.dbf EXAMPLE
6
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/test1.dbf TEST1
6
rows selected.
查看导入对象：
SQL> conn scott/tiger
Connected.
SQL> select *
from
emp2;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7369
SMITH CLERK
7902
17
-DEC
-80
800
20
7499
ALLEN SALESMAN
7698
20
-FEB
-81
1600
300
30
7521
WARD SALESMAN
7698
22
-FEB
-81
1250
500
30
7566
JONES MANAGER
7839
02
-APR
-81
2975
20
7654
MARTIN SALESMAN
7698
28
-SEP
-81
1250
1400
30
7698
BLAKE MANAGER
7839
01
-MAY
-81
2850
30
7782
CLARK MANAGER
7839
09
-JUN
-81
2450
10
7788
SCOTT ANALYST
7566
19
-APR
-87
3000
20
7839
KING PRESIDENT
17
-NOV
-81
5000
10
7844
TURNER SALESMAN
7698
08
-SEP
-81
1500
0
30
7876
ADAMS CLERK
7788
23
-MAY
-87
1100
20
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7900
JAMES CLERK
7698
03
-DEC
-81
950
30
7902
FORD ANALYST
7566
03
-DEC
-81
3000
20
7934
MILLER CLERK
7782
23
-JAN
-82
1300
10
14
rows selected.
SQL> select table_name,tablespace_name
from
user_tables
2
where
table_name=
'EMP2'
;
TABLE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------
EMP2 TEST1
设置表空间到read write：
14
:
55
:
32
SYS@ prod >alter tablespace test1 read write;
Tablespace altered.
SQL> alter tablespace test1 read write;
Tablespace altered.
|
@至此，跨平台表空间传输成功！
本文转自 客居天涯 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/tiany/1559804，如需转载请自行联系原作者
