### 备份方式和恢复方式
备份全部数据库
mkdir /bak
mongodump
备份指定数据库
mkidr /bak
mongodump -d admin
备份一个数据库中的某个集合
mkdir /bak
mongodump -d admin -c student
恢复全部数据库
mongorestore --drop # --drop是为了防止数据重复
恢复某个数据库
mongorestore -d dbname --drop
恢复某个数据库的某个集合
mongorestore -d dbname -c student --drop
异机数据恢复
mongorestore -h host -d dbname /path/sourcefile # 注意这里要使用dump出来的文件的源文件
mongodump
-h 导出源
-d 要导出的数据库名称
-o 数据库要导出的位置
mongorestore
-d 使用的数据库名称
-c 恢复一个表
### 数据的导出
Mongodb中的mongoexport工具可以把一个collection导出成JSON格式或CSV格式的文件。可以通过参数指定导出的数据项，也可以根据指定的条件导出数据。
mongoexport
参数说明：
-h:指明数据库宿主机的IP
-u:指明数据库的用户名
-p:指明数据库的密码
-d:指明数据库的名字
-c:指明collection的名字
-f:指明要导出那些列
-o:指明到要导出的文件名
-q:指明导出数据的过滤条件
### 数据的导入
mongoimport
-type 指明要导入的文件格式
-headerline 指明不导入第一行
-file 指明要导入的文件路径
参数说明：
-h:指明数据库宿主机的IP
-u:指明数据库的用户名
-p:指明数据库的密码
-d:指明数据库的名字
-c:指明collection的名字
-f:指明要导入那些列
CSV 格式良好，主流数据库都支持导出为CSV 的格式，所以这种格式非常利于异构数据迁移
### 演示备份数据库
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
|
mkdir /bak
cd /bak
[root@redis bak]# mongodump -h 192.168.58.30 --port 27017 -u root -p
connected to: 192.168.58.30:27017
Enter password:
Thu Jul 17 08:15:42.996 all dbs
Thu Jul 17 08:15:43.006 DATABASE: admin to dump/admin
Thu Jul 17 08:15:43.015 admin.system.indexes to dump/admin/system.indexes.bson
Thu Jul 17 08:15:43.076 2 objects
Thu Jul 17 08:15:43.077 admin.system.users to dump/admin/system.users.bson
Thu Jul 17 08:15:43.077 1 objects
Thu Jul 17 08:15:43.077 Metadata for admin.system.users to dump/admin/system.users.metadata.json
Thu Jul 17 08:15:43.078 DATABASE: guest to dump/guest
Thu Jul 17 08:15:43.082 guest.system.indexes to dump/guest/system.indexes.bson
Thu Jul 17 08:15:43.088 3 objects
Thu Jul 17 08:15:43.088 guest.system.users to dump/guest/system.users.bson
Thu Jul 17 08:15:43.097 1 objects
Thu Jul 17 08:15:43.097 Metadata for guest.system.users to dump/guest/system.users.metadata.json
Thu Jul 17 08:15:43.098 guest.student to dump/guest/student.bson
Thu Jul 17 08:15:43.103 26 objects
Thu Jul 17 08:15:43.103 Metadata for guest.student to dump/guest/student.metadata.json
[root@redis bak]# ll
total 4
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jul 17 08:15 dump
[root@redis bak]# cd dump/
[root@redis dump]# ls
admin guest
[root@redis dump]#
|
###恢复数据库
-
由于刚开始的时候指定了备份目录下面的所有文件，所以会报错
|
1
2
3
4
|
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# mongorestore -d admin admin/*
ERROR: too many positional options
Import BSON files into MongoDB.
|
-
后来从新换了一个，再次报错
|
1
2
|
[root@localhost ~]# mongorestore -d admin admin/
couldn't connect to [127.0.0.1] couldn't connect to server 127.0.0.1:27017
|
-
上面报错是因为我配置文件中写的是本机ip,更换后
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
|
[root@localhost ~]# mongorestore -d admin admin/ -h 192.168.58.10
connected to: 192.168.58.10
Thu Jul 17 09:08:33.873 admin/system.users.bson
Thu Jul 17 09:08:33.873 going into namespace [admin.system.users]
1 objects found
Thu Jul 17 09:08:33.902 Creating index: { key: { _id: 1 }, ns: "admin.system.users", name: "_id_" }
Thu Jul 17 09:08:34.043 Creating index: { key: { user: 1, userSource: 1 }, unique: true, ns: "admin.system.users", name: "user_1_userSource_1" }
[root@localhost ~]#
|
### 查看是否正确导入
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
|
[root@localhost ~]# mongo 192.168.58.10
MongoDB shell version: 2.4.6
connecting to: 192.168.58.10/test
Welcome to the MongoDB shell.
For interactive help, type "help".
For more comprehensive documentation, see
http://docs.mongodb.org/
Questions? Try the support group
http://groups.google.com/group/mongodb-user
> show dbsl
Thu Jul 17 09:12:34.806 don't know how to show [dbsl] at src/mongo/shell/utils.js:847
> show dbs;
admin0.203125GB
guest0.203125GB
local0.078125GB
> use guest
switched to db guest
> show collections;
student
system.indexes
system.users
> db.student.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53c769621d184866a15043ec"), "name" : "zhuima" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043ed"), "x" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043ee"), "x" : 2 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043ef"), "x" : 3 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043f0"), "x" : 4 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043f1"), "x" : 5 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043f2"), "x" : 6 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043f3"), "x" : 7 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043f4"), "x" : 8 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043f5"), "x" : 9 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043f6"), "x" : 10 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043f7"), "x" : 11 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043f8"), "x" : 12 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043f9"), "x" : 13 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043fa"), "x" : 14 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043fb"), "x" : 15 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043fc"), "x" : 16 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043fd"), "x" : 17 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043fe"), "x" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043ff"), "x" : 19 }
Type "it" for more
>
|
### 用户管理
添加超级用户
use admin
db.addUser('name','password')
添加只读用户
use dbname
db.addUser('name','password',true)
添加普通用户
use dbname
db.addUser('name','password') 其实也不能说是普通用户，这个只是针对于某一个数据库有权限
删除用户
use dbname
db.system.users.remove('name','password')
更换用户密码
use dbname
db.addUser('name','password')
切换用户（必须要先到对对应的数据库，root账户除外）
use dbname
db.auth('name','password')
查找用户
use dbname
db.system.users.find()
### 监控mongodb
1、db.serverStatus()可以查看系统的大部分状态
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
|
> db.serverStatus()
{
"host" : "redis.vagrant.internal",
"version" : "2.6.3",
"process" : "mongod",
"pid" : NumberLong(27724),
"uptime" : 4997,
"uptimeMillis" : NumberLong(4997102),
"uptimeEstimate" : 4608,
"localTime" : ISODate("2014-07-21T10:49:35.340Z"),
"asserts" : {
"regular" : 0,
"warning" : 0,
"msg" : 0,
"user" : 4,
"rollovers" : 0
},
"backgroundFlushing" : {
"flushes" : 83,
"total_ms" : 202,
"average_ms" : 2.433734939759036,
"last_ms" : 0,
"last_finished" : ISODate("2014-07-21T10:49:18.431Z")
},
"connections" : {
"current" : 1,
"available" : 51199,
"totalCreated" : NumberLong(2)
},
"cursors" : {
"note" : "deprecated, use server status metrics",
"clientCursors_size" : 0,
"totalOpen" : 0,
"pinned" : 0,
"totalNoTimeout" : 0,
"timedOut" : 0
},
"dur" : {
"commits" : 30,
"journaledMB" : 0,
"writeToDataFilesMB" : 0,
"compression" : 0,
"commitsInWriteLock" : 0,
"earlyCommits" : 0,
"timeMs" : {
"dt" : 3102,
"prepLogBuffer" : 0,
"writeToJournal" : 0,
"writeToDataFiles" : 0,
"remapPrivateView" : 0
}
},
"extra_info" : {
"note" : "fields vary by platform",
"heap_usage_bytes" : 62587072,
"page_faults" : 2
},
"globalLock" : {
"totalTime" : NumberLong("4997106000"),
"lockTime" : NumberLong(466098),
"currentQueue" : {
"total" : 0,
"readers" : 0,
"writers" : 0
},
"activeClients" : {
"total" : 0,
"readers" : 0,
"writers" : 0
}
},
"indexCounters" : {
"accesses" : 48,
"hits" : 48,
"misses" : 0,
"resets" : 0,
"missRatio" : 0
},
"locks" : {
"." : {
"timeLockedMicros" : {
"R" : NumberLong(388976),
"W" : NumberLong(466098)
},
"timeAcquiringMicros" : {
"R" : NumberLong(382921),
"W" : NumberLong(52063)
}
},
"admin" : {
"timeLockedMicros" : {
"r" : NumberLong(239696),
"w" : NumberLong(0)
},
"timeAcquiringMicros" : {
"r" : NumberLong(105140),
"w" : NumberLong(0)
}
},
"local" : {
"timeLockedMicros" : {
"r" : NumberLong(236543),
"w" : NumberLong(842)
},
"timeAcquiringMicros" : {
"r" : NumberLong(73211),
"w" : NumberLong(45)
}
},
"zhuima" : {
"timeLockedMicros" : {
"r" : NumberLong(139309),
"w" : NumberLong(208)
},
"timeAcquiringMicros" : {
"r" : NumberLong(1778),
"w" : NumberLong(3)
}
}
},
"network" : {
"bytesIn" : 12768,
"bytesOut" : 29899,
"numRequests" : 150
},
"opcounters" : {
"insert" : 5,
"query" : 22,
"update" : 9,
"delete" : 4,
"getmore" : 0,
"command" : 141
},
"opcountersRepl" : {
"insert" : 0,
"query" : 0,
"update" : 0,
"delete" : 0,
"getmore" : 0,
"command" : 0
},
"recordStats" : {
"accessesNotInMemory" : 0,
"pageFaultExceptionsThrown" : 0,
"admin" : {
"accessesNotInMemory" : 0,
"pageFaultExceptionsThrown" : 0
},
"local" : {
"accessesNotInMemory" : 0,
"pageFaultExceptionsThrown" : 0
}
},
"writeBacksQueued" : false,
"mem" : {
"bits" : 64,
"resident" : 31,
"virtual" : 2654,
"supported" : true,
"mapped" : 1184,
"mappedWithJournal" : 2368
},
"metrics" : {
"cursor" : {
"timedOut" : NumberLong(0),
"open" : {
"noTimeout" : NumberLong(0),
"pinned" : NumberLong(0),
"total" : NumberLong(0)
}
},
"document" : {
"deleted" : NumberLong(1),
"inserted" : NumberLong(5),
"returned" : NumberLong(81),
"updated" : NumberLong(9)
},
"getLastError" : {
"wtime" : {
"num" : 0,
"totalMillis" : 0
},
"wtimeouts" : NumberLong(0)
},
"operation" : {
"fastmod" : NumberLong(0),
"idhack" : NumberLong(0),
"scanAndOrder" : NumberLong(0)
},
"queryExecutor" : {
"scanned" : NumberLong(9),
"scannedObjects" : NumberLong(9)
},
"record" : {
"moves" : NumberLong(0)
},
"repl" : {
"apply" : {
"batches" : {
"num" : 0,
"totalMillis" : 0
},
"ops" : NumberLong(0)
},
"buffer" : {
"count" : NumberLong(0),
"maxSizeBytes" : 268435456,
"sizeBytes" : NumberLong(0)
},
"network" : {
"bytes" : NumberLong(0),
"getmores" : {
"num" : 0,
"totalMillis" : 0
},
"ops" : NumberLong(0),
"readersCreated" : NumberLong(0)
},
"preload" : {
"docs" : {
"num" : 0,
"totalMillis" : 0
},
"indexes" : {
"num" : 0,
"totalMillis" : 0
}
}
},
"storage" : {
"freelist" : {
"search" : {
"bucketExhausted" : NumberLong(0),
"requests" : NumberLong(5),
"scanned" : NumberLong(8)
}
}
},
"ttl" : {
"deletedDocuments" : NumberLong(0),
"passes" : NumberLong(0)
}
},
"ok" : 1
}
>
|
2、mongostat 可以动态查看mongodb的各种状态
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
|
[root@redis ~]# mongostat -h 192.168.58.30 -uzhuima -pzhuima
connected to: 192.168.58.30
insert query update delete getmore command flushes mapped vsize res faults locked db idx miss % qr|qw ar|aw netIn netOut conn time
*0 *0 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 1.16g 2.59g 31m 0 zhuima:0.0% 0 0|0 0|0 62b 3k 1 12:52:12
*0 *0 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 1.16g 2.59g 31m 0 .:0.0% 0 0|0 0|0 62b 3k 1 12:52:13
*0 *0 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 1.16g 2.59g 31m 0 .:0.1% 0 0|0 0|0 62b 3k 1 12:52:14
*0 *0 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 1.16g 2.59g 31m 0 zhuima:0.0% 0 0|0 0|0 62b 3k 1 12:52:15
*0 *0 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 1.16g 2.59g 31m 0 zhuima:0.0% 0 0|0 0|0 62b 3k 1 12:52:16
*0 *0 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 1.16g 2.59g 31m 0 zhuima:0.0% 0 0|0 0|0 62b 3k 1 12:52:17
*0 *0 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 1.16g 2.59g 31m 0 zhuima:0.0% 0 0|0 0|0 62b 3k 1 12:52:18
^Z
[1]+ Stopped mongostat -h 192.168.58.30 -uzhuima -pzhuima
[root@redis ~]#
|
本文转自lovelace521 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/lovelace/1441058，如需转载请自行联系原作者
