Solve Error: 'has incomplete type', foward declaration of 'class x'

简介:

在C++的OOB编程中,有时候我们会遇到这样的错误Error: 'has incomplete type',forward declaration of 'class x',那么是什么原因引起的这个问题呢,我们首先来看下面这段代码:

// Error: field '_a' has incomplete type 'A'
// forward declaration of 'class A'
class A;

class B {
public:
    B(A a): _a(a) {}
private:
    A _a;
};

class A {
public:
    A(B b): _b(b) {}
private:
    B _b;
};

在上面这段代码中,类A和类B互相含有对方作为自己的私有成员变量,那么不管谁写在前面,如果不事先声明另一个的话,都会报错找不到定义,那么我们事先声明A就没事了吗,也不是,像上面那样B中声明A的对象还是会出错,因为编译器不知道A的定义,无法生成类A的实例,所以会报错。一种改正方法是把对象实例变成对象指针,如下所示:

// Correct
class A;

class B {
public:
    B(A *a): _a(a) {}
private:
    A *_a;
};

class A {
public:
    A(B *b): _b(b) {}
private:
    B *_b;
};

本文转自博客园Grandyang的博客,原文链接: Solve Error: 'has incomplete type', foward declaration of 'class x',如需转载请自行联系原博主。

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