本文参考 Part 1: Creating a blog system using django + markdown 使用 django、bootstrap3 创建一个支持 markdown 语法的简单 blog，这是一个很好的学习 django 的例子，基本上涉及了 django 的方方面面，本文中相关的源码见 github。
相对于原文做了一些修改：
- 基于 django1.7，修复了不兼容的配置
- 前端使用 bootstrap3，并修改了页面的一些内容
- 【TODO】代码中关键的地方添加注释，帮助理解
1. 安装依赖
pip install markdown pygments django-pagedown
说明：我使用的 django 版本为 1.7。
2. 创建项目
创建项目 django_blog 和 blog app：
django-admin.py startproject django_blog
python manage.py startapp blog
修改 settings.py
设置 SITE_ID 并修改时区等：
SITE_ID = 1
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh_CN'
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
USE_TZ = True
添加 app:
INSTALLED_APPS = (
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.sites',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'pagedown', # App for adding markdown preview to the django admin
'blog', # Blog Module
'django.contrib.comments', # comments for the blog
)
设置静态文件目录和模板目录：
# Additional locations of static files
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'static'),
# Put strings here, like "/home/html/static" or "C:/www/django/static".
# Always use forward slashes, even on Windows.
# Don't forget to use absolute paths, not relative paths.
)
# List of finder classes that know how to find static files in
# various locations.
STATICFILES_FINDERS = (
'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.FileSystemFinder',
'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.AppDirectoriesFinder',
# 'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.DefaultStorageFinder',
)
TEMPLATE_DIRS = (
os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'templates'),
)
# List of callables that know how to import templates from various sources.
TEMPLATE_LOADERS = (
'django.template.loaders.filesystem.Loader',
'django.template.loaders.app_directories.Loader',
)
3. 创建模型
在 blog/models.py 中创建模型 Category 和 Article：
from django.db import models
from django.utils.translation import ugettext as _
from markdown import markdown
class Category(models.Model) :
"""Category Model"""
title = models.CharField(
verbose_name = _(u'Title'),
help_text = _(u' '),
max_length = 255
)
slug = models.SlugField(
verbose_name = _(u'Slug'),
help_text = _(u'Uri identifier.'),
max_length = 255,
unique = True
)
class Meta:
app_label = _(u'blog')
verbose_name = _(u"Category")
verbose_name_plural = _(u"Categories")
ordering = ['title',]
def __unicode__(self):
return "%s" % (self.title,)
class Article(models.Model) :
"""Article Model"""
title = models.CharField(
verbose_name = _(u'Title'),
help_text = _(u' '),
max_length = 255
)
slug = models.SlugField(
verbose_name = _(u'Slug'),
help_text = _(u'Uri identifier.'),
max_length = 255,
unique = True
)
content_markdown = models.TextField(
verbose_name = _(u'Content (Markdown)'),
help_text = _(u' '),
)
content_markup = models.TextField(
verbose_name = _(u'Content (Markup)'),
help_text = _(u' '),
)
categories = models.ManyToManyField(
Category,
verbose_name = _(u'Categories'),
help_text = _(u' '),
null = True,
blank = True
)
date_publish = models.DateField(
verbose_name = _(u'Publish Date'),
help_text = _(u' ')
)
class Meta:
app_label = _(u'blog')
verbose_name = _(u"Article")
verbose_name_plural = _(u"Articles")
ordering = ['-date_publish']
def save(self):
self.content_markup = markdown(self.content_markdown, ['codehilite'])
super(Article, self).save()
def __unicode__(self):
return "%s" % (self.title,)
将模型加入到 django admin，修改 blog/admin.py:
from django.contrib import admin
from django import forms
from pagedown.widgets import AdminPagedownWidget
from models import Category, Article
class CategoryAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
prepopulated_fields = {'slug': ('title',)}
list_display = ('title', )
search_fields = ('title', )
fieldsets = (
(
None,
{
'fields': ('title', 'slug',)
}
),
)
class ArticleForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = Article
widgets = {
'content_markdown' : AdminPagedownWidget(),
}
exclude = ['content_markup',]
class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
form = ArticleForm
prepopulated_fields = {'slug': ('title',)}
list_display = ('title', 'date_publish')
search_fields = ('title', 'content_markdown',)
list_filter = ('categories',)
fieldsets = (
(
None,
{
'fields': ('title', 'slug', 'content_markdown', 'categories', 'date_publish',)
}
),
)
admin.site.register(Category, CategoryAdmin)
admin.site.register(Article, ArticleAdmin)
4. 创建 url 路由
修改 django_blog/urls.py：
from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
from django.contrib import admin
from blog.views import index
urlpatterns = patterns('',
url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
url(r'^$', index, name='home'),
url('^blog/archive/(?P<year>[\d]+)/(?P<month>[\d]+)/$', 'blog.views.date_archive', name="blog_date_archive"),
url('^blog/archive/(?P<slug>[-\w]+)/$', 'blog.views.category_archive', name="blog_category_archive"),
url('^blog/(?P<slug>[-\w]+)/$', 'blog.views.single', name="blog_article_single"),
url('^blog/$', 'blog.views.index', name="blog_article_index"),
url(r'^comments/', include('django.contrib.comments.urls')),
)
5. 创建视图
创建 blog/views.py：
from django.core.paginator import Paginator, EmptyPage, PageNotAnInteger
from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404
from models import Category, Article
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
import calendar, datetime
# Create your views here.
def index(request) :
"""The news index"""
archive_dates = Article.objects.dates('date_publish','month', order='DESC')
categories = Category.objects.all()
page = request.GET.get('page')
article_queryset = Article.objects.all()
paginator = Paginator(article_queryset, 5)
try:
articles = paginator.page(page)
except PageNotAnInteger:
# If page is not an integer, deliver first page.
articles = paginator.page(1)
except EmptyPage:
# If page is out of range (e.g. 9999), deliver last page of results.
articles = paginator.page(paginator.num_pages)
return render(
request,
"blog/article/index.html",
{
"articles" : articles,
"archive_dates" : archive_dates,
"categories" : categories
}
)
def single(request, slug) :
"""A single article"""
article = get_object_or_404(Article, slug=slug)
archive_dates = Article.objects.dates('date_publish','month', order='DESC')
categories = Category.objects.all()
return render(
request,
"blog/article/single.html",
{
"article" : article,
"archive_dates" : archive_dates,
"categories" : categories
}
)
def date_archive(request, year, month) :
"""The blog date archive"""
# this archive pages dates
year = int(year)
month = int(month)
month_range = calendar.monthrange(year, month)
start = datetime.datetime(year=year, month=month,day=1)#.replace(tzinfo=utc)
end = datetime.datetime(year=year, month=month, day=month_range[1])#.replace(tzinfo=utc)
archive_dates = Article.objects.dates('date_publish','month', order='DESC')
categories = Category.objects.all()
# Pagination
page = request.GET.get('page')
article_queryset = Article.objects.filter(date_publish__range=(start.date(), end.date()))
paginator = Paginator(article_queryset, 5)
try:
articles = paginator.page(page)
except PageNotAnInteger:
# If page is not an integer, deliver first page.
articles = paginator.page(1)
except EmptyPage:
# If page is out of range (e.g. 9999), deliver last page of results.
articles = paginator.page(paginator.num_pages)
return render(
request,
"blog/article/date_archive.html",
{
"start" : start,
"end" : end,
"articles" : articles,
"archive_dates" : archive_dates,
"categories" : categories
}
)
def category_archive(request, slug):
archive_dates = Article.objects.dates('date_publish','month', order='DESC')
categories = Category.objects.all()
category = get_object_or_404(Category, slug=slug)
# Pagination
page = request.GET.get('page')
article_queryset = Article.objects.filter(categories=category)
paginator = Paginator(article_queryset, 5)
try:
articles = paginator.page(page)
except PageNotAnInteger:
# If page is not an integer, deliver first page.
articles = paginator.page(1)
except EmptyPage:
# If page is out of range (e.g. 9999), deliver last page of results.
articles = paginator.page(paginator.num_pages)
return render(
request,
"blog/article/category_archive.html",
{
"articles" : articles,
"archive_dates" : archive_dates,
"categories" : categories,
"category" : category
}
)
6. 创建模板
创建 templates/blog/base.html：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>{% block title %}{% endblock %}</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<!-- CSS -->
<link href="http://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="http://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="{{ STATIC_URL }}css/style.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="{{ STATIC_URL }}css/pygments.css" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- HTML5 shim, for IE6-8 support of HTML5 elements -->
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="http://html5shim.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
</head>
<body>
<!-- Part 1: Wrap all page content here -->
<div id="wrap">
<!-- Begin page content -->
<div class="container">
<div class="masthead">
<ul class="nav nav-pills pull-right">
<li{% if "/" == request.get_full_path %} class="active"{% endif %}><a href="/">Home</a></li>
<li {% if "/blog/" == request.get_full_path %} class="active"{% endif %} ><a href="{% url 'blog_article_index' %}">Blog</a></li>
<li {% if "/about/" == request.get_full_path %} class="active"{% endif %} ><a href="{% url 'blog_article_index' %}">About</a></li>
</ul>
<h3 class="text-muted">My Blog</h3>
</div>
<div class="page-header">
<p class="lead">Simple is beauty!</p>
</div>
{% block breadcrumb %}{% endblock %}
{% block content %}{% endblock%}
</div>
<div id="push"></div>
</div>
<div id="footer">
<div class="container">
<p class="muted credit">©2014<span style="float:right;"><a href="/legal/">Legal</a></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Le javascript
================================================== -->
<!-- Placed at the end of the document so the pages load faster -->
<script src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</body>
</html>其他 html 文件见源代码。
7. 运行项目
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
python manage.py syncdb
python manage.py runserver
打开浏览器访问后台页面 http://localhost:8000/admin 添加分类和文章，然后再访问前台页面 http://localhost:8000/。
