目录

环境

• 系统
  
  • RHEL6
• 软件
  
  • Oracle 10g
  • VMWare 12
  • JDK 1.8

RHEL6 Configuration

Step1：Setup hostname & Close the selinux

[root@jmilkfan Desktop]# hostname 
jmilk.fan.com

vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux

SELINUX=permissive

立即生效关闭防火墙

[root@jmilk ~]# setenforce 0

Step2：Setup Static IP
vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

DEVICE="eth0"
BOOTPROTO="static"
HWADDR="00:0C:29:F2:C6:8D"
NM_CONTROLLED="yes"
ONBOOT="yes"
TYPE="Ethernet"
UUID="f129f448-7aa6-43bd-bf68-699774b0a553"
IPADDR=192.168.1.222
NETMASK=255.255.255.0

Re-start network service

Step3：Edit /etc/hosts
vim /etc/hosts

192.168.1.222 jmilk.fan.com

Step4：创建用户和用户组

/usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall
/usr/sbin/groupadd dba
useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
(echo fanguiju;echo fanguiju) | passwd --stdin oracle

Step5：创建安装路径目录

[root@jmilk Desktop]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
[root@jmilk Desktop]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
[root@jmilk Desktop]# chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle
[root@jmilk Desktop]# ll -d /u01/app/oracle/
drwxrwxr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 4096 May 24 22:22 /u01/app/oracle/

Step6：配置内核参数
vim /etc/sysctl.conf

# Controls the maximum shared segment size, in bytes
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648

# Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 6815744
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

刷新配置

sysctl -p

Step7：修改limits.conf配置文件

oracle           soft    nproc   2047
oracle           hard    nproc   16384
oracle           soft    nofile  1024
oracle           hard    nofile  65536

Step8：修改login配置文件
vim /etc/pam.d/login

#Use for Oracle
session    required     pam_limits.so

Step9：配置Oracle用户环境变量

[root@jmilk Desktop]# su - oracle

vim .bash_profile

# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
        . ~/.bashrc
fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
export PATH
export ORACLE_SID=gsp
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle                     #ORACLE_BASE是最重要的，代表Oracle的安装路径
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/dbhome_1       
export ORACLE_OWNER=oracle
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
umask 022

刷新用户环境变量

source .bash_profile
DISPLAY=local_host:0.0 ; export DISPLAY

Step10：修改/etc/profile文件

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
    if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
        ulimit -p 16384
        ulimit -n 65536
    else
        ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
    fi
fi

Update JDK

卸载OpenJDK并更新JDK，下载JDK1.8 点这里

Step1：rpm安装JDK1.8

[root@jmilk Desktop]#  rpm -qa |grep java 
tzdata-java-2012j-1.el6.noarch
java-1.7.0-openjdk-1.7.0.9-2.3.4.1.el6_3.x86_64
java-1.6.0-openjdk-1.6.0.0-1.50.1.11.5.el6_3.x86_64
[root@jmilk Desktop]# rpm -e --nodeps tzdata-java-2012j-1.el6.noarch
[root@jmilk Desktop]# rpm -e --nodeps java-1.7.0-openjdk-1.7.0.9-2.3.4.1.el6_3.x86_64
[root@jmilk Desktop]# rpm -e --nodeps java-1.6.0-openjdk-1.6.0.0-1.50.1.11.5.el6_3.x86_64
[root@jmilk Desktop]# cd /opt/jdk1.8/
[root@jmilk jdk1.8]# ls
jdk-8u91-linux-x64.rpm
[root@jmilk jdk1.8]# rpm -ivh jdk-8u91-linux-x64.rpm 
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:jdk1.8.0_91            ########################################### [100%]
Unpacking JAR files...
    tools.jar...
    plugin.jar...
    javaws.jar...
    deploy.jar...
    rt.jar...
    jsse.jar...
    charsets.jar...
    localedata.jar...
    jfxrt.jar...
[root@jmilk jdk1.8]# java -version
java version "1.8.0_91"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_91-b14)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.91-b14, mixed mode)

配置JDK环境变量
vim /etc/profile

JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_91
JRE_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_91/jre
PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin
CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JRE_HOME/lib
export JAVA_HOME JRE_HOME PATH CLASSPATH 

加载配置

source /etc/profile
alternatives --install /usr/bin/java java /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_91/bin/java 1
alternatives --install /usr/bin/javac javac /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_91/bin/javac 1
alternatives --config java
alternatives --config javac

配置Oracle安装环境

硬件检测

官方安装文档对硬件额要求：

#At least 512 MB of physical RAM
内存要大于512M
#The following table describes the relationship between installed RAM and the configured swap space requirement.
内存和Swap分区的大小要求

#400 MB of disk space in the /tmp directory
必须被/tmp目录留下400MB
#Between 1.5 GB and 3.5 GB of disk space for the Oracle software, depending on the installation type
需要预留1.5G到3.5G的磁盘空间
#1.2 GB of disk space for a preconfigured database that uses file system storage

Step1：查看内存大小

[root@jmilk Desktop]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
MemTotal:        8046852 kB

Step2：查看Swap空间大小

[root@jmilk Desktop]# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
SwapTotal:       4194296 kB

Step3：查看/tmp分区的大小

[root@jmilk Desktop]# df -m /tmp
Filesystem           1M-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3                36088      5907     28349  18% /

软件检测

因为在安装Oracle的过程中，要重新编译安装许多内置软件程序。所以Oracle的安装环境需要软件依赖包的支撑，Oracle官方安装文档提供了需要预安装的软件包列表：

• Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0:
  
  • binutils-2.15.92.0.2-10.EL4
  • compat-db-4.1.25-9
  • control-center-2.8.0-12
  • gcc-3.4.3-9.EL4
  • gcc-c++-3.4.3-9.EL4
  • glibc-2.3.4-2
  • glibc-common-2.3.4-2
  • gnome-libs-1.4.1.2.90-44.1
  • libstdc++-3.4.3-9.EL4
  • libstdc++-devel-3.4.3-9.EL4
  • make-3.80-5
  • pdksh-5.2.14-30
  • sysstat-5.0.5-1
  • xscreensaver-4.18-5.rhel4.2

注意：因为Oracle 10g官方推荐在RHEL4上安装，所以提供的软件包列表版本会偏低。我们在RHEL6中安装Oracle时，无论是检测还是安装的过程中都需要忽略软件包的版本问题。

rpm -q gcc make binutils openmotif setarch compat-db compat-gcc compat-gcc-c++ compat-libstdc++ compat-libstdc++-devel

Step1：配置光盘YUM源
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo

[local]
name=local
baseurl=file:///media
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

Step2：安装依赖软件包

yum install -y gcc-*
yum install -y binutils-*
yum install -y openmotif-*
yum install -y compat-db-*
yum install -y compat-gcc-*
yum install -y compat-gcc-c++-*
yum install -y setarch*
yum install -y compat-libstdc++*
yum install -y compat-libstdc++-devel*
yum install -y compat-libstdc++-33
yum install -y glibc*
yum install -y libstdc++*
yum install -y make*
yum install libXt.i686
yum install libXtst.i686
yum install binutils-2.* compat-libstdc++-33* elfutils-libelf-0.* elfutils-libelf-devel-* gcc-4.* gcc-c++-4.* glibc-2.* glibc-common-2.* glibc-devel-2.* glibc-headers-2.* ksh-2* libaio-0.* libaio-devel-0.* libgcc-4.* libstdc++-4.* libstdc++-devel-4.* make-3.* sysstat-7.* unixODBC-2.* unixODBC-devel-2.* pdksh*
yum install -y compat-gcc* compat-glibc* compat-libstd*
rpm -ivh --force libXp-1.0.0-15.1.el6.x86_64.rpm   #需要到Package目录下强制安装

编辑配置文件

Step1：配置系统版本
注意：因为Oracle默认只支持到RHEL4，所以我们需要修改系统版本来欺骗Oracle安装程序。
vim /etc/redhat-release

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 4.0 (Santiago)

安装Oracle Database

Step1：解压Oracle Database安装软件

mkdir /mnt/hgfs/DataBase/
cd /mnt/hgfs/DataBase/
gunzip 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz
cpio -idmv < 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio

Step2：重启并使用oracle用户账号登陆
注意：不能使用su - oracle

Step3：执行安装脚本

[oracle@jmilk Desktop]$ cd /mnt/hgfs/Database/database/
[oracle@jmilk database]$ ./runInstaller 

注意：安装过程中如果报“ORA-27125:unable to create shared memory segment”这个错误，一般原因是操作系统用户权限不足的问题，可以通过下面的方式来解决

id oracle
echo vm.hugetlb_shm_group=501 > /etc/sysctl.conf
sysctl -p

输入Oracle最高级管理员orcl的密码

忽略这个错误，点击Continue

完成安装