Spring Boot+cucumber+契约测试-阿里云开发者社区

1.使用start.spring.io创建一个“web”项目。在“依赖项”对话框中搜索并添加“web”依赖项，为了后面的契约文件，再加入“Config Client ”和“Contract Stub Runner依赖项。点击“生成”按钮，下载zip，并将其解压缩到计算机上的文件夹中。

2.pom.xml

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<?xml version="1.0"
encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
 <version>3.2.3</version>
 <relativePath/>
<!-- lookup parent from repository -->
 </parent>
<groupId>com.example</groupId>
<artifactId>com.example</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<properties>
<java.version>11</java.version>
<cucumber.version>6.8.1</cucumber.version>
<spring-cloud.version>2023.0.0</spring-cloud.version>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>     
<dependency>
 <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
 <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-contract-stub-runner</artifactId>
 <scope>test</scope>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
 <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
 <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-contract-verifier</artifactId>
 <scope>test</scope>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
      <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
      <scope>test</scope>
 </dependency>
       
 <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
      <scope>test</scope>
 </dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>
    <artifactId>cucumber-java</artifactId>
    <version>${cucumber.version}</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>
    <artifactId>cucumber-spring</artifactId>
    <version>${cucumber.version}</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>
    <artifactId>cucumber-junit-platform-engine</artifactId>
    <version>${cucumber.version}</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
 </dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
     <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
     <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
     <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
     <type>pom</type>
     <scope>import</scope>
   </dependency>
 </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
 <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
          <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-cloud-contract-maven-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>4.1.0</version>
           <extensions>true</extensions>
          <configuration>
               <testFramework>JUNIT5</testFramework>
          </configuration>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
       <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
       <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
 </build>
</project>

3 目录结构如下

4 ATMService.feature

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功能:验证密码
作为银行储户    
我想要在 ATM 上验证密码
以便我可以安全地进行操作
           
场景:验证密码成功
假如储户拥有一张卡号为"1111222233"的借记卡
并且密码为"123456"
并且储户借记卡账户余额为"100.00"元
当储户将卡插入ATM
并且储户选择查询余额
那么提示储户输入密码
并且输入密码"123456"
那么储户可以看到密码正确的提示
           
场景:验证密码失败
假如储户拥有一张卡号为"1111222233"的借记卡
并且密码为"123456"
并且储户借记卡账户余额为"100.00"元
当储户将卡插入ATM
并且储户选择查询余额
那么提示储户输入密码
并且输入密码"654321"
那么储户可以看到密码错误的提示

5 先来看看测试文件

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MyDemoApplicationTests.java
package com.example.ATMService;
           
import io.cucumber.junit.platform.engine.Cucumber;
import io.cucumber.spring.CucumberContextConfiguration;
           
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
           
@Cucumber
@CucumberContextConfiguration
@SpringBootTest
class MyDemoApplicationTests {
       @Test
       void contextLoads() {
       }
}

VerifyPINStepDefinitions.java

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package com.example.ATMService;
//mvn spring-cloud-contract:convert;mvn spring-cloud-contract:run
//http://localhost:8080/verify_pin/1111222233/123456    
import com.example.ATMService.domain.model.Account;
import com.example.ATMService.domain.model.DebitCard;
import com.example.ATMService.performer.ATM;
import com.example.ATMService.performer.Customer;
import io.cucumber.java.zh_cn.假如;
import io.cucumber.java.zh_cn.当;
import io.cucumber.java.zh_cn.那么;
import io.cucumber.junit.platform.engine.Cucumber;
           
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
           
@SpringBootTest
@Cucumber
public class VerifyPINStepDefinitions {
       private final Customer customer = new Customer();
       private final ATM atm = new ATM();
       @假如("储户拥有一张卡号为\"{int}\"的借记卡")
       public void 储户拥有一张卡号为_的借记卡(Integer cardIdInteger){
              Long cardId = cardIdInteger.longValue();
              this.customer.haveCard(new DebitCard(cardId));
       }    
       
       @假如("密码为\"{int}\"")
       public void 密码为(Integer PIN){
              this.customer.setDebitCardPIN(PIN);
       }
       
       @假如("储户借记卡账户余额为\"{double}\"元")
       public void 储户借记卡账户余额为_元(Double balance){
              this.customer.setCardAccount(new Account(balance));
       }
       
       @假如("ATM已经初始化")
       public void ATM已经初始化(){
              this.atm.init();
       }
       
       @当("储户将卡插入ATM")
       public void 储户将卡插入atm(){
              this.customer.insertCardToATM(atm);
       }
                     
       @当("储户选择查询余额")    
       public void 储户选择查询余额(){
              this.customer.queryBalanceOn(atm);
       }
       
       @那么("提示储户输入密码")
       public void 提示储户输入密码(){
              Assertions.assertEquals("Please input PIN:", this.atm.getScreenMessage());
       }
       
       @那么("输入密码\"{int}\"")
       public void 输入密码(Integer pin){
              this.customer.enterPIN(this.atm, pin);
       }
              
       @那么("储户可以看到密码正确的提示")
       public void 储户可以看到密码正确的提示(){
              Assertions.assertEquals("your PIN is invalid.", this.atm.getScreenMessage());
       }
       
       @那么("储户可以看到密码错误的提示")    
       public void 储户可以看到密码错误的提示(){
              Assertions.assertEquals("your PIN is invalid.", this.atm.getScreenMessage());
       }
}

com.example.ATMService.domain.model目录下

Account.java

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package com.example.ATMService.domain.model;
           
public class Account {
       private final Double balance;
       public Account(Double balance) {
              this.balance = balance;
       }
       public double getBalance() {
              return balance;
       }
}

com.example.ATMService.domain.model目录下

DebitCard.java

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package com.example.ATMService.domain.model;
           
public class DebitCard {    
       private Integer PIN= -1;
       private final Long cardId;
       private Account account;
       
       public DebitCard(Long cardId){
              this.cardId = cardId;
       }
       
       public void setPIN(Integer pin){
              this.PIN = pin.intValue();
       }
       
       public void setAccount(Account account) {
              this.account = account;
       }
       
       public double getBalance() {
              return this.account.getBalance();
       }
       
       public boolean verifyPIN(Integer pin) {
              return this.PIN.intValue()== pin;    
       }
           
       public Long getCardID() {
              return this.cardId;
       }
}

com.example.ATMService.domain.service目录下

DebitCardService.java

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package com.example.ATMService.domain.service;
           
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
           
import java.util.Map;
@Service
public class DebitCardService {
       @Value("${card-service.host}")
       private String cardServiceHost;
       public boolean verifyPIN(Long cardID, Integer pin){
              RestTemplate template = new RestTemplate();    
              try{
                     String requestURL= String.format("http://%s/verify_pin/%d/%d",this.cardServiceHost, cardID,pin);
                     ResponseEntity     
                     Map body= entity.getBody();
                     return "OK".equals(body.get("result"))&&(entity.getStatusCode()== HttpStatus.ACCEPTED);
              }catch (Exception e) {
                     return false;
              }
       }
}

com.example.ATMService.performer目录下

ATM.java

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package com.example.ATMService.performer;
           
import com.example.ATMService.domain.model.DebitCard;
import com.example.ATMService.domain.service.DebitCardService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;    
           
@Component
public class ATM{
       @Autowired
       private DebitCardService debitCardService = new DebitCardService();
       private DebitCard card;
       private String screenMessage;
       private boolean verifiedPIN = false;
           
       public void init() {
              this.verifiedPIN = false;
              this.card = null;
              this.screenMessage = null;
       }
       public void insertCard(DebitCard debitCard) {
              this.card = debitCard;
       }
       
       public void queryBalance() {
              if(this.verifiedPIN){
                     this.screenMessage = String.format("Your balance is: %f", this.card.getBalance());    
              }else {
                     this.screenMessage = String.format("Please input PIN:");
              }
       }
       
       public String getScreenMessage() {
              return this.screenMessage;
       }
       
       public void enterPlN(Integer pin) {
              this.verifiedPIN = this.debitCardService.verifyPIN(this.card.getCardID(), pin);
              if (!this.verifiedPIN) {
                     this.screenMessage ="your PIN is invalid.";
              }else {
                     this.queryBalance();
              }
       }
}

com.example.ATMService.performer目录下

Customer.java

代码语言：javascript

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package com.example.ATMService.performer;
           
import com.example.ATMService.domain.model.Account;
import com.example.ATMService.domain.model.DebitCard;
           
public class Customer {
       private DebitCard debitCard;
       public void haveCard(DebitCard debitCard) {
              this.debitCard = debitCard;
       }
       public void setDebitCardPIN(Integer pin){
              this.debitCard.setPIN(pin);
       }
       public void setCardAccount(Account account) {
              this.debitCard.setAccount(account);
       }
       
       public void insertCardToATM(ATM atm){
              //atm.reset();
              atm.insertCard(this.debitCard);
       }
                  
       public void queryBalanceOn(ATM atm) {
              atm.queryBalance();
       }
              
       public void enterPIN(ATM atm, Integer pin) {
              atm.enterPlN(pin);
       }
}

6 用JUnit运行VerifyPINStepDefinitions.Java

7 在/ATMService/src/test/resources/contracts目录下建立

verify_pin.yml

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request:
  method: GET
  url: /verify_pin/1111222233/123456
response:
  status: 200
  headers:
    Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8    
  body:
    result: "OK"

verify_pin_fail.yml

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reguest:
 method: GET
 url: /verify_pin/1111222233/654321
respouse:
 status: 400
 headers:
  Contentlype: Appliction/json;chatset=utf-8
 body:
  result:"Your PlN is apnalnd"

8 运行

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mvn spring-cloud-contract:convert&&mvn spring-cloud-contract:run

在浏览器中输入

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http://127.0.0.1:8080/verify_pin/1111222233/123456

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http://127.0.0.1:8080/verify_pin/1111222233/654321

9.建立另一个Spring Boot card

在/card/target/generated-test-sources/contracts/org/springframework/cloud/contract/verifier/tests/ContractVerifierTest.java中产生

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import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
import io.restassured.module.mockmvc.specification.MockMvcRequestSpecification;
import io.restassured.response.ResponseOptions;
           
import static org.springframework.cloud.contract.verifier.assertion.SpringCloudContractAssertions.assertThat;
import static org.springframework.cloud.contract.verifier.util.ContractVerifierUtil.*;
import static com.toomuchcoding.jsonassert.JsonAssertion.assertThatJson;    
import static io.restassured.module.mockmvc.RestAssuredMockMvc.*;
           
@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
public class ContractVerifierTest {
           
       @Test
       public void validate_verify_pin() throws Exception {
              // given:
                     MockMvcRequestSpecification request = given();
           
           
              // when:
                     ResponseOptions response = given().spec(request)
           
                                   .get("/verify_pin/1111222233/123456");
           
              // then:
                     assertThat(response.statusCode()).isEqualTo(200);
                     assertThat(response.header("Content-Type")).isEqualTo("application/json;charset=UTF-8");
           
               
              // and:
                     DocumentContext parsedJson = JsonPath.parse(response.getBody().asString());
                     assertThatJson(parsedJson).field("['result']").isEqualTo("OK");
       }
           
}

10. 实现卡片controller

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package com.example.card.interfaces;
           
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
           
@RestController
public class CardController {
       @GetMapping("/verify_pin/{id}/{pin}")
       public ResponseEntityverifyPIN(@PathVariable("id") Long id,
                                                                             @PathVariable("pin") Integer pin) {    
              HttpHeaders responseHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
              responseHeaders.set("Content-Type", "Application/json;charset-utf-8");
              ResponseEntityresponse;
              if(id==1111222233 && pin==123456)
                     response = new ResponseEntity("{\"result\":\"OK\"}", responseHeaders, HttpStatus.ACCEPTED);
              else       
                     response = new ResponseEntity("{\"result\":\"Your PIN is invalid\"}",responseHeaders,HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST);
              return response;
       }
}

在卡片项目中运行

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mvn spring-boot:run

启动卡片项目

然后运行amt下的mvn test测试通过

11 我的问题，如何测试在浏览器中输入http://127.0.0.1:8080/verify_pin/1111222233/123456显示pass信息，123456为其他字符显示fail信息。

Spring Boot+cucumber+契约测试

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