Prometheus+Grafana普罗米修斯搭建+监控MySQL-阿里云开发者社区

一，Prometheus

1.什么是Prometheus？

Prometheus 是 Cloud Native Computing Foundation 的一个监控系统项目, 集采集、监控、报警等特点于一体。

Prometheus主要受启发于Google的Brogmon监控系统，从2012年开始由前Google工程师在Soundcloud以开源软件的形式进行研发，2017年底发布了基于全新存储层的2.0版本，当前最新版本是2.44.0版本。

2.Prometheus架构

3.prometheus具有那些特点？

多维数据模型（由指标名称、键/值组合的时间序列）;
提供了一种强大而灵活的查询语言promsql;
没有对分布式存储的依赖，单个服务器节点是自主的;
主要支持时间序列集合的HTTP拉模模型，同时也提供PushGateway来满足；
服务发现；
自带UI，支持丰富多种图形和仪表板，还能与其他;
支持分层和水平联合；

二，Prometheus搭建

IP	角色
192.168.2.4	prometheus服务器端
192.168.2.3	node_exporter客户端

1.二进制安装Prometheus

[root@server ~]# wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.44.0/prometheus-2.44.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@server ~]# tar zxf prometheus-2.44.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@server ~]# mv prometheus-2.44.0.linux-amd64 /usr/local/prometheus

1.查看版本号

[root@server ~]# cd /usr/local/prometheus/
[root@server prometheus]# ./prometheus --version
prometheus, version 2.44.0 (branch: HEAD, revision: 1ac5131f698ebc60f13fe2727f89b115a41f6558)
  build user:       root@739e8181c5db
  build date:       20230514-06:18:11
  go version:       go1.20.4
  platform:         linux/amd64
  tags:             netgo,builtinassets,stringlabels

2.查看帮助文档

[root@server prometheus]# ./prometheus --help

2.prometheus.yml配置解释

# my global config
global:
  # 默认情况下，每15s拉取一次目标采样点数据。
  scrape_interval:     15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
  # 每15秒评估一次规则。默认值为每1分钟。
  evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.
  # scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).

# Alertmanager configuration
alerting:
  alertmanagers:
  - static_configs:
    - targets:
      # - alertmanager:9093

# Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
rule_files:
  # - "first_rules.yml"
  # - "second_rules.yml"

# A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
# Here it's Prometheus itself.
scrape_configs:
  # job名称会增加到拉取到的所有采样点上，同时还有一个instance目标服务的host：port标签也会增加到采样点上
  - job_name: 'prometheus'

    # 覆盖global的采样点，拉取时间间隔5s
    scrape_interval: 5s
    static_configs:
    - targets: ['localhost:9090']

3.升级为系统服务

# 启动服务
cd /usr/lib/systemd/system
vi prometheus.service

[Unit]
  Description=https://prometheus.io

  [Service]
  Restart=on-failure
  ExecStart=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus --config.file=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml --web.listen-address=:9090

  [Install]                      
  WantedBy=multi-user.target

#保存退出

其他选项解释：

常用选项解释：
# 指定配置文件
--config.file="prometheus.yml"
# 默认指定监听地址端口，可修改端口
--web.listen-address="0.0.0.0:9090" 
# 最大连接数
--web.max-connections=512
# tsdb数据存储的目录，默认当前data/
--storage.tsdb.path="data/"
# premetheus 存储数据的时间，默认保存15天
--storage.tsdb.retention=15d 
# 通过命令热加载无需重启 curl -XPOST 192.168.2.45:9090/-/reload
--web.enable-lifecycle
# 可以启用 TLS 或 身份验证 的配置文件的路径
--web.config.file=""

启动选项了解：./prometheus --help

4.刷新system文件，启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start prometheus

5.访问测试

IP:9090

三，客户端node_exporter搭建

1.监控目的Linux安装node_exporter

[root@server ~]# wget https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v1.1.2/node_exporter-1.1.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@server ~]# tar xf node_exporter-1.1.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@server ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@server ~]# mv node_exporter-1.1.2.linux-amd64/ node_exporter

2.添加为系统服务

[root@server ~]# vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/node_exporter.service
[Unit]
Description=node_exporter
After=network.target 

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/node_exporter/node_exporter
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

# 启动node_exporter
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start node_exporter

3.prometheus服务器端添加监控项

[root@server prometheus]# cat prometheus.yml 
# my global config
global:
  scrape_interval:     15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
  evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.
  # scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).

# Alertmanager configuration
alerting:
  alertmanagers:
  - static_configs:
    - targets:
      # - alertmanager:9093

# Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
rule_files:
scrape_configs:
  - job_name: 'prometheus'
    static_configs:
    - targets: ['192.168.2.4:9090']

  - job_name: 'linux'
    static_configs:
    - targets: ['192.168.2.4:9100','192.168.2.3:9100'] # 多个用,分开

# 添加上面三行

4.重启系统普罗米修斯

[root@server ~]#  systemctl restart prometheus.service

5.监控界面

四，监控MySQL

1.安装mysqld-exporter

[root@VM_2-44 ~]# wget https://github.com/prometheus/mysqld_exporter/releases/download/v0.12.1/mysqld_exporter-0.12.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@VM_2-44 ~]# tar xf mysqld_exporter-0.12.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@VM_2-44 /usr/local]# mv mysqld_exporter-0.12.1.linux-amd64 mysqld_exporter
[root@VM_2-44 /usr/local/mysqld_exporter]# vi .my.cnf
[client]
host=192.168.2.3
user=root
password=123456
port=3306

2.启动mysqld-exporter服务

[root@VM_2-44 /usr/local/mysqld_exporter]# ./mysqld_exporter --config.my-cnf="/usr/local/mysqld_exporter/.my.cnf" &
[root@VM_2-44 /usr/local/mysqld_exporter]# ps -ef |grep exporter
root       3447   3398  0 01:31 pts/1    00:00:02 ./node_exporter
root       4647   3398  0 02:13 pts/1    00:00:00 ./mysqld_exporter --config.my-cnf=/usr/local/mysqld_exporter/.my.cnf
root       4654   3398  0 02:13 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto exporter
[root@VM_2-44 /usr/local/mysqld_exporter]# ss -lntp |grep 4647
LISTEN     0      128         :::9104                    :::*                   users:(("mysqld_exporter",pid=4647,fd=3))
[root@VM_2-44 /usr/local/mysqld_exporter]# 

# 启动后会监听9104端口

3.普罗米修斯配置文件添加监控项

[root@VM_2-45 /usr/local/prometheus]# vi prometheus.yml 
  - job_name: 'mysql'
    static_configs:
    - targets: ['192.168.2.3:9104']

4.重启普罗米修斯

[root@VM_2-45 /usr/local/prometheus]# systemctl restart prometheus.service

5.查看状态

五，grafana展示prometheus数据

1.在prometheus安装grafana

wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/grafana/yum/rpm/Packages/grafana-7.4.3-1.x86_64.rpm

[root@VM_2-45 ~]# yum install initscripts fontconfig
[root@VM_2-45 ~]# yum install -y grafana-7.4.3-1.x86_64.rpm
[root@VM_2-45 ~]# systemctl start grafana-server.service

2.访问grafana

启动后访问地址：ip:3000
初始用户名和密码都是admin

3.添加Prometheus数据源

Configuration -> Data Sources ->add data source -> Prometheus

添加prometheus服务器

4.添加dashboard Linux基础数据展示

导入模板8919

选择数据源

5.查看dashboard

Dashboards ->Manage

六，grafana展示MySQL信息

1.设置数据源

Configuration -> Data Sources ->add data source -> MySQL

2.数据库上授权用户

3.导入下载的dashboard，数据源现在刚刚创建的

https://pan.baidu.com/s/1GBzogDLsYS3IvwH4WbdPLw 提取码：ef6e

Prometheus+Grafana普罗米修斯搭建+监控MySQL