Oracle官方提供了安装好的Oracle 19c虚拟机，打包成ova文件。可以使用这个文件建立一个oracle 19c的学习环境。
01
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下载Oracle官方的虚拟机（OVA文件）
Oracle官方提供了ova文件创建虚拟机，其中安装好Oracle 19c 的ova完的下载地址是：https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/databaseappdev-vm.html
02
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使用OVA文件创建新的虚拟机
可以使用Oracle提供的OVA在VirtualBox上创建虚拟机。在VirtualBox中选择File 再选择 Import Appliance ，然后选择前面下载的ova文件，如下图：
接着出现配置界面：
这里的配置可以修改，我把2GB的内存改成了4GB。然后点击import，同意协议后导入：
导入后启动虚拟机，增加了一个bridge的网卡：
登录oracle用户，密码也是oracle，配置网络：
03
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检查环境
看看Oracle为我们提供的虚拟机的环境：
[oracle@localhost network-scripts]$ chkconfig --list oracle 注：该输出结果只显示 SysV 服务，并不包含原生 systemd 服务。SysV 配置数据可能被原生 systemd 配置覆盖。要列出 systemd 服务，请执行 'systemctl list-unit-files'。查看在具体 target 启用的服务请执行 'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'。oracle 0:关 1:关 2:开 3:开 4:开 5:开 6:关
可以看到多了一个oracle的服务，这样一开机oracle数据库就启动了，这个服务的管理脚本是/etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle文件。
查看一个oracle工具用到的配置文件：
[oracle@localhost ~]$ cat /etc/oratab...orclcdb:/u01/app/oracle/product/version/db_1:Y
发现已经有了一个sid为orclcdb的实例。
检查一下oracle用户的环境变量，发现居然没有配置：
[oracle@localhost ~]$ env|grep -i oracleUSER=oracleMAIL=/var/spool/mail/oraclePATH=/home/oracle/Desktop/Database_Track/coffeeshop:/home/oracle/java/jdk1.8.0_201/bin:/home/oracle/bin:/home/oracle/sqlcl/bin:/home/oracle/sqldeveloper:/home/oracle/datamodeler:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/home/oracle/sqlcl/bin:/home/oracle/sqldeveloper:/home/oracle/bin:/home/oracle/.local/bin:/home/oracle/binPWD=/home/oracleJAVA_HOME=/home/oracle/java/jdk1.8.0_201HOME=/home/oracleLOGNAME=oracleXDG_DATA_DIRS=/home/oracle/.local/share/flatpak/exports/share:/var/lib/flatpak/exports/share:/usr/local/share:/usr/share
手工增加下面的配置到.bash_profile文件中：
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracleexport ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/version/db_1export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/libexport PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/binexport ORACLE_SID=orclcdbexport PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
检查监听的状态：
[oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl status LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on 16-MAR-2022 01:59:51 Copyright (c) 1991, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))STATUS of the LISTENER------------------------Alias LISTENERVersion TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - ProductionStart Date 16-MAR-2022 09:42:48Uptime 496 days 18 hr. 44 min. 56 secTrace Level offSecurity ON: Local OS AuthenticationSNMP OFFDefault Service orclcdbListener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/version/db_1/network/admin/listener.oraListener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xmlListening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=0.0.0.0)(PORT=1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=8081))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))Services Summary...Service "86b637b62fdf7a65e053f706e80a27ca" has 1 instance(s). Instance "orclcdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...Service "8a34def16cd55c76e0530100007f040c" has 1 instance(s). Instance "orclcdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s). Instance "orclcdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...Service "orclcdb" has 2 instance(s). Instance "orclcdb", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Instance "orclcdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...Service "orclcdbXDB" has 1 instance(s). Instance "orclcdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...The command completed successfully
使用操作系统认证登录sqlplus，居然登录失败：
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Wed Mar 16 01:59:59 2022Version 19.3.0.0.0 Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved. ERROR:ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied
检查一下TWO_TASK环境变量的设置，果然是设置了TWO_TASK，取消设置后就可以使用操作系统认证登录了：
[oracle@localhost ~]$ echo $TWO_TASKORCL[oracle@localhost ~]$ unset TWO_TASK[oracle@localhost ~]$ echo $TWO_TASK [oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Wed Mar 16 02:06:56 2022Version 19.3.0.0.0 Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to:Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - ProductionVersion 19.3.0.0.0 SQL>
TWO_TASK设置了默认的服务名连接，例如下面的连接使用了TWO_TASK指定的服务：
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus oracleace/oracleace SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Wed Mar 16 02:11:42 2022Version 19.3.0.0.0 Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to:Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - ProductionVersion 19.3.0.0.0 SQL>
