正文
2014年原文
Software architecture reconstruction is an interpretive, interactive, and iterative process including many activities. Information extraction involves analyzing a system’s existing design and implementation artifacts to construct a model of it. The result is used in the following activities to construct a view of the system. The database construction activity converts the elements and relations contained in the view into a standard format for storage in a database. The view fusion activity involves defining and manipulating the information stored in database to reconcile, augment, and establish connections between the elements. Reconstruction consists of two primary activities: visualization and interaction and pattern definition and recognition. The former provides a mechanism for the user to manipulate architectural elements, and the latter provides facilities for architecture reconstruction.
翻译
软件架构重构是一个解释性、交互式和反复迭代的过程，包括了多项活动。信息提取通过分析系统现有设计和实现构件来构造它的模型。其结果用于在后续活动中构造系统的视图。数据库构建活动把模型中包含的元素和关系转换为数据库中的标准存储格式。视图融合活动包括定义和操作数据库中存储的信息，理顺、加强并建立起元素之间的连接。重构由两个主要活动组成：可视化和交互记及模式定义和识别。前者提供了一种让用户操作架构元素的机制，后者则提供了用于架构重构的设施。
重点词汇
Information extraction. 信息提取
elements and relations. 元素和关系
view fusion. 视图融合
visualization and interaction. 可视化与交互
pattern definition and recognition. 模式定义与识别
interpretive, interactive, and iterative process. 解释性的、动态的、迭代的的过程
involve. 涉及、包括
artifact. 构件
convert. 转换
reconcile. 协调、理顺
augment. 加强
2015年原文
The objective of architecture design is to determine what parts of the application software will be assigned to what hardware.The major software components of the system being developed have to be identified and then allocated to the various hardware components on which the system will operate. All software systems can be divided into four basic functions. The first is data storage. Most information systems require data to be stored and retrieved,whether a small file,such as a memo produced by a word processor,or a large database,such as one that stores an organization’s accounting records. The second function is the data access logic,the processing required to access data,which often means database queries in Structured Query Language. The third function is the application logic,which is the logic documented in the DFDs,use cases,and functional requirements.The fourth function is the presentation logic,the display of information to the user and the acceptance of the user’s commands.The three primary hardware components of a system are clients,servers,and network.
翻译
架构设计的目标是确定应用软件的哪些部分将被分配到何种硬件。识别出正在开发系统的主要软件构件并分配到系统将要运行的硬件构件。所有软件系统可分为四项基本功能。第一项是数据存储。大多数信息系统需要数据进行存储并检索，无论是一个小文件，比如一个字处理器产生的一个备忘录，还是一个大型数据库，比如存储一个企业会计记录的数据库。第二项功能是数据访问逻辑，处理过程需要访问数据，这通常是指用SQL进行数据库查询。第三项功能是应用程序逻辑，这些逻辑通过数据流图，用例和功能需求记录下来。第四项功能是表示逻辑，给用户显示信息并接收用户命令。一个系统的三类主要硬件构件是客户机、服务器和网络。
重点词汇
architecture design. 架构设计
data storage. 数据存储
data access logic. 数据访问逻辑
application logic. 应用逻辑
clients,servers,and network. 客户机、服务器和网络
allocate. 分配
2016年原文
The objective of architecture design is to determine what parts of the application software will be assigned to what hardware. The major software components of the system being developed have to be identified and then allocated to the various hardware components on which the system will operate. All software systems can be divided into four basic functions. The first is data storage.Most information systems require data to be stored and retrieved, whether a small file,such as a memo produced by a word processor, or a large database, such as one that stores an organization’s accounting records.The second function is the data access logic,the processing required to access data, which often means database queries in Structured Query Language. The third function is the application logic,which is the logic documented in the DFDs, use cases,and functional requirements.The fourth function is the presentation logic,the display of information to the user and the acceptance of the user’s commands.The three primary hardware components of a system are clients,servers,and network.
翻译
架构设计的目标是确定应用软件的哪些部分将被分配到何种硬件。识别出正在开发系统的主要软件构件并分配到系统将要运行的硬件构件。所有软件系统可分为四项基本功能。第一项是数据存储。大多数信息系统需要数据进行存储并检索，无论是一个小文件，比如一个字处理器产生的一个备忘录，还是一个大型数据库，比如存储一个企业会计记录的数据库。第二项功能是数据访问逻辑，处理过程需要访问数据，这通常是指用SQL进行数据库查询。第三项功能是应用程序逻辑，这些逻辑通过数据流图，用例和功能需求记录下来。第四项功能是表示逻辑，给用户显示信息并接收用户命令。一个系统的三类主要硬件构件是客户机、服务器和网络。
重点词汇
architecture design. 架构设计
data storage. 数据存储
data access logic. 数据访问逻辑
application logic. 应用逻辑
clients,servers,and network. 客户机、服务器和网络
allocate. 分配
2017年原文
The architecture design specifies the overall architecture and the placement of software and hardware that will be used. Architecture design is a very complex process that is often left to experienced architecture designers and consultants.
The first step is to refine the nonfunctional requirements into more detailed requirements that are then employed to help select the architecture to be used and the software components to be placed on each device. In a client-server architecture, one also has to decide whether to use a two-tier, three-tier,or n-tier architecture.
Then the requirements and the architecture design are used to develop the hardware and software specification. There are four primary types of nonfunctional requirements that can be important in designing the architecture.Operational requirements specify the operating environment(s) in which the system must perform and how those may change over time. Performance requirements focus on the nonfunctional requirements issues such as response time,capacity,and reliability. Security requirements are the abilities to protect the information system from disruption and data loss, whether caused by an intentional act. Cultural and political requirements are specific to the countries in which the system will be used.
翻译
架构设计指定了将要使用的软件和硬件的总体架构和布局。 架构设计是一个非常复杂的过程，往往留给经验丰富的架构设计师和顾问。
第一步是将非功能需求细化为更详细的需求，然后用于帮助选择要使用的体系结构以及要放置在每个设备上的软件组件。在客户端-服务器架构中，还必须决定是使用两层，三层还是n层架构。
然后使用需求和体系结构设计来开发硬件和软件规范。 有四种主要的非功能需求类型可能在设计架构时非常重要。操作需求指定系统必须执行的操作环境以及这些操作环境如何随时间变化。 性能需求注重非功能性需求是特定于系统将被使用的国家。
重点词汇
nonfunctional requirements. 非功能需求
client-server architecture. 客户端-服务器架构
operational requirements. 操作需求
performance requirements. 性能需求
security requirements. 安全需求
specify. 指定
specification. 规范
specific. 特定的
2018年原文
Designing the data storage architecture is an important activity in system design.There are two main types of data storage formats: files and databases. Files are electronic of data that have been optimized to perform a particular transaction. There are several types of files that differ in the way they are used to support an application.Master files store core information that is important to the business and , more specifically , to the application , such as order information or customer mailing information . Audit files contain static values , such as a list of valid codes or the names of cities. Typically, the list is used for validation. A database is a collection of groupings of information that are related to each other in some way. There are many different types of databases that exist on the market today. Legacy database is given to those databases which are based on older, sometimes outdated technology that is seldom used to develop new applications . Hierarchical database are collections of records that are related to each other through pointers. In relational database, referential integrity can be used in ensuring that values linking the tables together through the primary and foreign keys are valid and correctly synchronized.
翻译
设计数据存储架构是系统设计中的一项重要活动。主要有两种类型的数据存储格式：文件和数据库。文件是经过优化的可以执行特定事务的电子数据。有几种类型的文件，它们支持应用程序的方式也不同。主文件存储对业务，尤其是应用程序的重要核心信息，例如订单信息或客户邮件信息。审核文件包含静态值，例如有效代码列表或城市名称。通常，该列表用于验证。数据库是以某种方式相关联的信息分组的集合。当今市场上存在许多不同类型的数据库。遗留数据库被赋予那些基于旧的，或者过时技术的数据库，这些技术很少用于开发新的应用。分层数据库是通过指针相互关联的记录的集合。在关系数据库中，引用完整性可用于确保通过主键和外键将表链接在一起的值有效且正确同步。
重点词汇
specifically. 具体地
