一、说明
1. python标准库ssl可实现加密通信
2. ssl库底层使用openssl，做了面向对像化改造和简化，但还是可以明显看出openssl的痕迹
3. 本文先给出python实现的socket通信，在此基础上再给出ssl通信以便读者更方便地看到socket和ssl在python编程中的区别
4. 说到ssl很多人都会想到https，但本质而言ssl是在传输层和应用层之间新插入的一个层，根据不同层无关原则ssl和https并没有任何绑定关系，ssl之上完全可以是其他任何应用层协议（比如pop/imap/telnet等等）
二、程序实现
2.1 socket通信实现
客户端代码：
import socket class client_class: def send_hello(self): # 与服务端建立连接 client_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM) client_socket.connect(('127.0.0.1',9999)) # 向服务端发送消息 msg = "do i connect with server ?".encode("utf-8") client_socket.send(msg) # 接收服务端返回的消息 msg = client_socket.recv(1024).decode('utf-8') print(f"receive msg from server : {msg}") client_socket.close() if __name__ == "__main__": client = client_class() client.send_hello()
服务端代码：
import socket class server_class : def build_listen(self): # 监听端口 server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM) server_socket.bind(('127.0.0.1',9999)) server_socket.listen(5) while True: # 接收客户端连接 client_socket, addr = server_socket.accept() # 接收客户端信息 msg = client_socket.recv(1024).decode("utf-8") print(f"receive msg from client {addr}：{msg}") # 向客户端发送信息 msg = f"yes , you have client_socketect with server.\r\n".encode("utf-8") client_socket.send(msg) client_socket.close() if __name__ == "__main__": server = server_class() server.build_listen()
2.2 ssl通信实现
客户端代码：
import socket import ssl class client_ssl: def send_hello(self,): # 生成SSL上下文 context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT) # 加载信任根证书 context.load_verify_locations('cert/ca.crt') # 与服务端建立socket连接 with socket.create_connection(('127.0.0.1', 9443)) as sock: # 将socket打包成SSL socket # 一定要注意的是这里的server_hostname不是指服务端IP，而是指服务端证书中设置的CN，我这里正好设置成127.0.1而已 with context.wrap_socket(sock, server_hostname='127.0.0.1') as ssock: # 向服务端发送信息 msg = "do i connect with server ?".encode("utf-8") ssock.send(msg) # 接收服务端返回的信息 msg = ssock.recv(1024).decode("utf-8") print(f"receive msg from server : {msg}") ssock.close() if __name__ == "__main__": client = client_ssl() client.send_hello()
服务端代码：
import socket import ssl class server_ssl: def build_listen(self): # 生成SSL上下文 context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER) # 加载服务器所用证书和私钥 context.load_cert_chain('cert/server.crt', 'cert/server_rsa_private.pem.unsecure') # 监听端口 with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM, 0) as sock: sock.bind(('127.0.0.1', 9443)) sock.listen(5) # 将socket打包成SSL socket with context.wrap_socket(sock, server_side=True) as ssock: while True: # 接收客户端连接 client_socket, addr = ssock.accept() # 接收客户端信息 msg = client_socket.recv(1024).decode("utf-8") print(f"receive msg from client {addr}：{msg}") # 向客户端发送信息 msg = f"yes , you have client_socketect with server.\r\n".encode("utf-8") client_socket.send(msg) client_socket.close() if __name__ == "__main__": server = server_ssl() server.build_listen()
三、运行结果
当前项目结构如图所示，证书生成可参考：openssl实现双向认证教程（服务端代码+客户端代码+证书生成）
3.1 socket通信运行结果
客户端：
服务端：
3.2 ssl通信运行结果
客户端：
服务端：
