Requests 库学习笔记

# 引入Requests库import requests# 发起GET请求response = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com/')# 查看响应类型  requests.models.Responseprint(type(response))# 输出状态码print(response.status_code)# 输出响应内容类型  textprint(type(response.text))# 输出响应内容print(response.text)# 输出cookiesprint(response.cookies)复制代码

import requests# 发起POST请求requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post')# 发起PUT请求requests.put('http://httpbin.org/put')# 发起DELETE请求requests.delete('http://httpbin.org/delete')# 发送HEAD请求requests.head('http://httpbin.org/get')# 发送OPTION请求requests.options('http://httpbin.org/get')复制代码

import requestsresponse = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get')print(response.text)复制代码

import requestsresponse = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get?name=jyx&age=18')print(response.text)复制代码

import requests# 分装GET请求参数param = {'name':'jyx','age':19}# 设置GET请求参数(Params)response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get',params=param)print(response.text)复制代码

import requestsresponse = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get')# 获取响应内容print(type(response.text))# 如果响应内容是json,就将其转为jsonprint(response.json())# 输出的是字典类型print(type(response.json()))复制代码

import requestsresponse = requests.get('http://github.com/favicon.ico')# str，bytesprint(type(response.text),type(response.content))# 输出响应的文本内容print(response.text)# 输出响应的二进制内容print(response.content)# 下载二进制数据到本地with open('favicon.ico','wb') as f:  f.write(response.content)  f.close()复制代码

import requests# 设置User-Agent浏览器信息headers = {      "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.133 Safari/537.36"}# 设置请求头信息response = requests.get('https://www.zhihu.com/explore',headers=headers)print(response.text)复制代码

import requests# 设置传入post表单信息data= { 'name':'jyx', 'age':18}# 设置请求头信息headers = {      "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.133 Safari/537.36"}# 设置请求头信息和POST请求参数(data)response = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', data=data, headers=headers)print(response.text)复制代码

import requestsresponse = requests.get('http://www.jianshu.com/')# 获取响应状态码print(type(response.status_code),response.status_code)# 获取响应头信息 print(type(response.headers),response.headers)# 获取响应头中的cookiesprint(type(response.cookies),response.cookies)# 获取访问的url print(type(response.url),response.url)# 获取访问的历史记录 print(type(response.history),response.history)复制代码

import requestsresponse = requests.get('http://www.jianshu.com/404.html')# 使用request内置的字母判断状态码if not response.status_code == requests.codes.ok:    print('404-1')response = requests.get('http://www.jianshu.com')# 使用状态码数字判断if not response.status_code == 200:    print('404-2')复制代码

import requestsfiles = {'file':open('favicon.ico','rb')}# 往POST请求头中设置文件(files)response = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post',files=files)print(response.text)复制代码

import requestsresponse = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com')print(response.cookies)for key,value in response.cookies.items():    print(key,'=====',value)复制代码

import requestsrequests.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies/set/number/12456')response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies')# 本质上是两次不同的请求，session不一致print(response.text)复制代码

import requests# 从Requests中获取sessionsession = requests.session()# 使用seesion去请求保证了请求是同一个sessionsession.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies/set/number/12456')response = session.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies')print(response.text)复制代码

import requestsresponse = requests.get('https://www.12306.cn')# 在请求https时，request会进行证书的验证，如果验证失败则会抛出异常print(response.status_code)  复制代码

import requests# 关闭验证，但是仍然会报出证书警告response = requests.get('https://www.12306.cn',verify=False)print(response.status_code)复制代码

from requests.packages import urllib3import requests# 关闭警告urllib3.disable_warnings()response = requests.get('https://www.12306.cn',verify=False)print(response.status_code)复制代码

import requests# 设置本地证书response = requests.get('https://www.12306.cn', cert=('/path/server.crt', '/path/key'))print(response.status_code)  复制代码

import requestsproxies = {    "http": "http://127.0.0.1:9743",    "https": "https://127.0.0.1:9743",}# 往请求中设置代理(proxies)response = requests.get("https://www.taobao.com", proxies=proxies)print(response.status_code)复制代码

import requestsproxies = {    "http": "http://user:password@127.0.0.1:9743/",}response = requests.get("https://www.taobao.com", proxies=proxies)print(response.status_code)复制代码

import requestsproxies = {    'http': 'socks5://127.0.0.1:9742',    'https': 'socks5://127.0.0.1:9742'}response = requests.get("https://www.taobao.com", proxies=proxies)print(response.status_code)复制代码

import requestsfrom requests.exceptions import ReadTimeout    try:   # 设置必须在500ms内收到响应，不然或抛出ReadTimeout异常   response = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get", timeout=0.5)            print(response.status_code)except ReadTimeout:   print('Timeout')复制代码

import requestsfrom requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuthr = requests.get('http://120.27.34.24:9001', auth=HTTPBasicAuth('user', '123'))# r = requests.get('http://120.27.34.24:9001', auth=('user', '123'))print(r.status_code)复制代码

import requestsfrom requests.exceptions import ReadTimeout, ConnectionError, RequestExceptiontry:   response = requ