七、IK分词器

ElasticSearch中采用标准分词器进行分词，这种方式并不适用于中文网站。因此需要修改ElasticSearch对中文友好分词，从而达到更佳的搜索的效果。而支持中文分词的分词器就是IK分词器。

7.1、在线安装IK分词器

将ElasticSearch服务中原始数据删除（必做）

# 进入es安装目录中将data目录数据删除
rm -rf data
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安装IK分词器

# 在es安装目录中执行
./bin/elasticsearch-plugin install https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-ik/releases/download/v6.8.0/elasticsearch-analysis-ik-6.8.0.zip
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IK分词器要求版本严格与当前使用版本一致，如需使用其他版本替换 6.2.4 为使用的版本号。

测试

GET /_analyze
{
  "text": "中华人民共和国国歌",
  "analyzer": "ik_smart"
}
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7.2、离线安装IK分词器

可以将对应的IK分词器下载到本地,然后再安装，官网下载地址：官网直达，下面贴一张官网给的IK分词器和ElasticSearch版本对应图。

去官网下载对应版本的IK分词器

# 可以去官网下载然后上传，或者使用wegt命令，下载其他版本的修改版本号即可。
wget https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-ik/releases/download/v6.2.4/elasticsearch-analysis-ik-6.2.4.zip
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解压

unzip elasticsearch-analysis-ik-6.2.4.zip
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移动到es安装目录的plugins目录中

mv elasticsearch elasticsearch-6.2.4/plugins/
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重启ElasticSearch生效

本地安装ik分词器配置目录：es安装目录中/plugins/analysis-ik/config/IKAnalyzer.cfg.xml

测试

DELETE /ems
PUT /ems
{
  "mappings":{
    "emp":{
      "properties":{
        "name":{
          "type":"text",
           "analyzer": "ik_max_word",
           "search_analyzer": "ik_max_word"
        },
        "age":{
          "type":"integer"
        },
        "bir":{
          "type":"date"
        },
        "content":{
          "type":"text",
          "analyzer": "ik_max_word",
          "search_analyzer": "ik_max_word"
        },
        "address":{
          "type":"keyword"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
PUT /ems/emp/_bulk
  {"index":{}}
  {"name":"小黑","age":23,"bir":"2012-12-12","content":"为开发团队选择一款优秀的MVC框架是件难事儿，在众多可行的方案中决择需要很高的经验和水平","address":"北京"}
  {"index":{}}
  {"name":"王小黑","age":24,"bir":"2012-12-12","content":"Spring 框架是一个分层架构，由 7 个定义良好的模块组成。Spring 模块构建在核心容器之上，核心容器定义了创建、配置和管理 bean 的方式","address":"上海"}
  {"index":{}}
  {"name":"张小五","age":8,"bir":"2012-12-12","content":"Spring Cloud 作为Java 语言的微服务框架，它依赖于Spring Boot，有快速开发、持续交付和容易部署等特点。Spring Cloud 的组件非常多，涉及微服务的方方面面，井在开源社区Spring 和Netflix 、Pivotal 两大公司的推动下越来越完善","address":"无锡"}
  {"index":{}}
  {"name":"win7","age":9,"bir":"2012-12-12","content":"Spring的目标是致力于全方位的简化Java开发。 这势必引出更多的解释， Spring是如何简化Java开发的？","address":"南京"}
  {"index":{}}
  {"name":"梅超风","age":43,"bir":"2012-12-12","content":"Redis是一个开源的使用ANSI C语言编写、支持网络、可基于内存亦可持久化的日志型、Key-Value数据库，并提供多种语言的API","address":"杭州"}
  {"index":{}}
  {"name":"张无忌","age":59,"bir":"2012-12-12","content":"ElasticSearch是一个基于Lucene的搜索服务器。它提供了一个分布式多用户能力的全文搜索引擎，基于RESTful web接口","address":"北京"}
GET /ems/emp/_search
{
  "query":{
    "term":{
      "content":"框架"
    }
  },
  "highlight": {
    "pre_tags": ["<span style='color:red'>"],
    "post_tags": ["</span>"],
    "fields": {
      "*":{}
    }
  }
}
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7.3、IK分词器的类型

7.3.1、ik_max_word

ik_max_word：会将文本做最细粒度的拆分，比如会将“中华人民共和国国歌”拆分为“中华人民共和国,中华人民,中华,华人,人民共和国,人民,人,民,共和国,共和,和,国国,国歌”，会穷尽各种可能的组合。

7.3.2、ik_smart

ik_smart：会做最粗粒度的拆分，比如会将“中华人民共和国国歌”拆分为“中华人民共和国,国歌”。

7.4、配置扩展词

IK支持自定义扩展词典和停用词典，所谓**扩展词典就是有些词并不是关键词,但是也希望被ES用来作为检索的关键词，可以将这些词加入扩展词典。停用词典**就是有些词是关键词,但是出于业务场景不想使用这些关键词被检索到，可以将这些词放入停用词典。词典的编码必须为UTF-8，否则无法生效。

定义扩展词典和停用词典可以修改IK分词器中config目录中IKAnalyzer.cfg.xml这个文件。

修改IKAnalyzer.cfg.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <!DOCTYPE properties SYSTEM "http://java.sun.com/dtd/properties.dtd">
    <properties>
        <comment>IK Analyzer 扩展配置</comment>
        <!--用户可以在这里配置自己的扩展字典 -->
        <entry key="ext_dict">ext_dict.dic</entry>
         <!--用户可以在这里配置自己的扩展停止词字典-->
        <entry key="ext_stopwords">ext_stopword.dic</entry>
    </properties>
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在ik分词器目录下config目录中创建ext_dict.dic文件

编码一定要为UTF-8才能生效。

在ext_dict.dic中加入扩展词即可

重启ElasticSearch生效

八、Filter Query过滤查询

8.1、过滤查询

其实准确来说，ElasticSearch中的查询操作分为2种:

查询(query)：查询即是之前提到的query查询，它 (查询)默认会计算每个返回文档的得分，然后根据得分排序。
过滤(filter)：过滤(filter)只会筛选出符合的文档，并不计算得分，且它可以缓存文档。

所以，单从性能考虑，过滤比查询更快。

过滤适合在大范围筛选数据，而查询则适合精确匹配数据。一般应用时，应先使用过滤操作过滤数据，然后使用查询匹配数据。

8.2、过滤语法

GET /ems/emp/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        {"match_all": {}}
      ],
      "filter": {
        "range": {
          "age": {
            "gte": 10
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
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在执行filter和query时，先执行filter再执行query。Elasticsearch会自动缓存经常使用的过滤器，以加快性能。

8.3、过滤器类型

8.3.1、term

GET /ems/emp/_search   # 使用term过滤
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        {"term": {
          "name": {
            "value": "小黑"
          }
        }}
      ],
      "filter": {
        "term": {
          "content":"框架"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
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8.3.2、terms

GET /dangdang/book/_search  #使用terms过滤
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        {"term": {
          "name": {
            "value": "中国"
          }
        }}
      ],
      "filter": {
        "terms": {
          "content":[
              "科技",
              "声音"
            ]
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
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8.3.3、range

GET /ems/emp/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        {"term": {
          "name": {
            "value": "中国"
          }
        }}
      ],
      "filter": {
        "range": {
          "age": {
            "gte": 7,
            "lte": 20
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
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8.3.4、exists

过滤存在指定字段,获取字段不为空的索引记录使用

GET /ems/emp/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        {"term": {
          "name": {
            "value": "中国"
          }
        }}
      ],
      "filter": {
        "exists": {
          "field":"aaa"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
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8.3.5、ids

过滤含有指定字段的索引记录。

GET /ems/emp/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        {"term": {
          "name": {
            "value": "中国"
          }
        }}
      ],
      "filter": {
        "ids": {
          "values": ["1","2","3"]
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
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九、Java操作ElasticSearch

ElasticSearch不能够取代数据库，ElasticSearch最核心最强大的功能时完成检索，可以把给用户查询到的数据放ElasticSearch中

9.1、引入依赖

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.elasticsearch</groupId>
  <artifactId>elasticsearch</artifactId>
  <version>6.8.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.elasticsearch.client</groupId>
  <artifactId>transport</artifactId>
  <version>6.8.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.elasticsearch.plugin</groupId>
  <artifactId>transport-netty4-client</artifactId>
  <version>6.8.0</version>
</dependency>
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9.2、创建索引和类型

PUT /dangdang
{
  "mappings": {
    "book":{
      "properties": {
        "name":{
          "type":"text",
          "analyzer": "ik_max_word"
        },
        "age":{
          "type":"integer"
        },
        "sex":{
          "type":"keyword"
        },
        "content":{
          "type":"text",
          "analyzer": "ik_max_word"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
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9.3、Java操作ElasticSearch

9.3.1、创建客户端对象

//创建ES客户端操作对象
@Test
public void init() throws UnknownHostException {
  PreBuiltTransportClient preBuiltTransportClient = new PreBuiltTransportClient(Settings.EMPTY);
  preBuiltTransportClient.addTransportAddress(new TransportAddress(
    InetAddress.getByName("192.168.202.200"),9300));
}
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9.3.2、创建索引

//创建索引
@Test
public void createIndex() throws UnknownHostException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
  PreBuiltTransportClient preBuiltTransportClient = new PreBuiltTransportClient(Settings.EMPTY);
  preBuiltTransportClient.addTransportAddress(new TransportAddress(
    InetAddress.getByName("192.168.202.200"),9300));
  //定义索引请求
  CreateIndexRequest ems = new CreateIndexRequest("ems");
  //执行索引创建
  CreateIndexResponse createIndexResponse = preBuiltTransportClient.admin().indices().create(ems).get();
  System.out.println(createIndexResponse.isAcknowledged());
}
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9.3.3、删除索引

//删除索引
@Test
public void deleteIndex() throws UnknownHostException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
  PreBuiltTransportClient preBuiltTransportClient = new PreBuiltTransportClient(Settings.EMPTY);
  preBuiltTransportClient.addTransportAddress(new TransportAddress(
    InetAddress.getByName("192.168.202.200"),9300));
  //定义索引请求
  DeleteIndexRequest ems = new DeleteIndexRequest("ems");
  //执行索引删除
  AcknowledgedResponse acknowledgedResponse = preBuiltTransportClient.admin().indices().delete(ems).get();
  System.out.println(acknowledgedResponse.isAcknowledged());
}
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9.3.4、创建索引和类型

//创建索引类型和映射
@Test
public void init() throws UnknownHostException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
  PreBuiltTransportClient preBuiltTransportClient = new PreBuiltTransportClient(Settings.EMPTY);
  preBuiltTransportClient.addTransportAddress(new TransportAddress(
    InetAddress.getByName("192.168.202.200"),9300));
  //创建索引
  CreateIndexRequest ems = new CreateIndexRequest("ems");
  //定义json格式映射
  String json = "{\"properties\":{\"name\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"analyzer\":\"ik_max_word\"},\"age\":{\"type\":\"integer\"},\"sex\":{\"type\":\"keyword\"},\"content\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"analyzer\":\"ik_max_word\"}}}";
  //设置类型和mapping
  ems.mapping("emp",json, XContentType.JSON);
  //执行创建
  CreateIndexResponse createIndexResponse = preBuiltTransportClient.admin().indices().create(ems).get();
  System.out.println(createIndexResponse.isAcknowledged());
}
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9.3.5、索引一条记录

9.3.5.1、根据id索引

//索引一条文档 指定id
@Test
public void createIndexOptionId() throws JsonProcessingException {
  Emp emp = new Emp("xiaolin", 18, "男", "我是xiaolin，来自中国");
  String s = JSONObject.toJSONString(emp);
  IndexResponse indexResponse = transportClient.prepareIndex("ems", "emp", "1").setSource(s, XContentType.JSON).get();
  System.out.println(indexResponse.status());
}
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9.3.5.2、自动生成id索引记录

//索引一条文档 指定id
@Test
public void createIndexOptionId() throws JsonProcessingException {
  Emp emp = new Emp("XiaoLin", 18 , "男", "我是XiaoLin");
  String s = JSONObject.toJSONString(emp);
  IndexResponse indexResponse = transportClient.prepareIndex("ems", "emp")
    .setSource(s, XContentType.JSON).get();
  System.out.println(indexResponse.status());
}
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9.3.6、更新索引

//更新一条记录
@Test
public void testUpdate() throws IOException {
  Emp emp = new Emp();
  emp.setName("明天你好");
  String s = JSONObject.toJSONString(emp);
  UpdateResponse updateResponse = transportClient.prepareUpdate("ems", "emp", "1")
    .setDoc(s,XContentType.JSON).get();
  System.out.println(updateResponse.status());
}
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9.3.6、批量更新

//批量更新
@Test
public void testBulk() throws IOException {
  //添加第一条记录
  IndexRequest request1 = new IndexRequest("ems","emp","1");
  Emp emp = new Emp("中国科技", 23, "男", "这是好人");
  request1.source(JSONObject.toJSONString(emp),XContentType.JSON);
  //添加第二条记录
  IndexRequest request2 = new IndexRequest("ems","emp","2");
  Emp emp2 = new Emp("中国科技", 23, "男", "这是好人");
  request2.source(JSONObject.toJSONString(emp2),XContentType.JSON);
  //更新记录
  UpdateRequest updateRequest = new UpdateRequest("ems","emp","1");
  Emp empUpdate = new Emp();
  empUpdate.setName("中国力量");
  updateRequest.doc(JSONObject.toJSONString(empUpdate),XContentType.JSON);
  //删除一条记录
  DeleteRequest deleteRequest = new DeleteRequest("ems","emp","2");
  BulkResponse bulkItemResponses = transportClient.prepareBulk()
    .add(request1)
    .add(request2)
    .add(updateRequest)
    .add(deleteRequest)
    .get();
  BulkItemResponse[] items = bulkItemResponses.getItems();
  for (BulkItemResponse item : items) {
    System.out.println(item.status());
  }
}
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9.3.7、检索文档

9.3.7.1、查询所有并排序

/**
     * 查询所有并排序
     *  ASC 升序  DESC 降序
     *  addSort("age", SortOrder.ASC)  指定排序字段以及使用哪种方式排序
     *  addSort("age", SortOrder.DESC) 指定排序字段以及使用哪种方式排序
     */
    @Test
    public void testMatchAllQuery() throws UnknownHostException {
        TransportClient transportClient = new PreBuiltTransportClient(Settings.EMPTY).addTransportAddress(new TransportAddress(InetAddress.getByName("172.16.251.142"), 9300));
        SearchResponse searchResponse = transportClient.prepareSearch("dangdang").setTypes("book").setQuery(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery()).addSort("age", SortOrder.DESC).get();
        SearchHits hits = searchResponse.getHits();
        System.out.println("符合条件的记录数: "+hits.totalHits);
        for (SearchHit hit : hits) {
            System.out.print("当前索引的分数: "+hit.getScore());
            System.out.print(", 对应结果:=====>"+hit.getSourceAsString());
            System.out.println(", 指定字段结果:"+hit.getSourceAsMap().get("name"));
            System.out.println("=================================================");
        }
    }
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9.3.7.2、分页查询

/**
     * 分页查询
     *  From 从那条记录开始 默认从0 开始  form = (pageNow-1)*size
     *  Size 每次返回多少条符合条件的结果  默认10
     */
    @Test
    public void testMatchAllQueryFormAndSize() throws UnknownHostException {
        TransportClient transportClient = new PreBuiltTransportClient(Settings.EMPTY).addTransportAddress(new TransportAddress(InetAddress.getByName("172.16.251.142"), 9300));
        SearchResponse searchResponse = transportClient.prepareSearch("dangdang").setTypes("book").setQuery(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery()).setFrom(0).setSize(2).get();
        SearchHits hits = searchResponse.getHits();
        System.out.println("符合条件的记录数: "+hits.totalHits);
        for (SearchHit hit : hits) {
            System.out.print("当前索引的分数: "+hit.getScore());
            System.out.print(", 对应结果:=====>"+hit.getSourceAsString());
            System.out.println(", 指定字段结果:"+hit.getSourceAsMap().get("name"));
            System.out.println("=================================================");
        }
    }
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9.3.7.3、返回查询字段

/**
     *  查询返回指定字段(source) 默认返回所有
     *      setFetchSource 参数1:包含哪些字段   参数2:排除哪些字段
     *      setFetchSource("*","age")  返回所有字段中排除age字段
     *      setFetchSource("name","")  只返回name字段
     *      setFetchSource(new String[]{},new String[]{})
     */
    @Test
    public void testMatchAllQuerySource() throws UnknownHostException {
        TransportClient transportClient = new PreBuiltTransportClient(Settings.EMPTY).addTransportAddress(new TransportAddress(InetAddress.getByName("172.16.251.142"), 9300));
        SearchResponse searchResponse = transportClient.prepareSearch("dangdang").setTypes("book").setQuery(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery()).setFetchSource("*","age").get();
        SearchHits hits = searchResponse.getHits();
        System.out.println("符合条件的记录数: "+hits.totalHits);
        for (SearchHit hit : hits) {
            System.out.print("当前索引的分数: "+hit.getScore());
            System.out.print(", 对应结果:=====>"+hit.getSourceAsString());
            System.out.println(", 指定字段结果:"+hit.getSourceAsMap().get("name"));
            System.out.println("=================================================");
        }
    }
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9.3.7.8、term查询

/**
     *  term查询
     */
    @Test
    public void testTerm() throws UnknownHostException {
        TransportClient transportClient = new PreBuiltTransportClient(Settings.EMPTY).addTransportAddress(new TransportAddress(InetAddress.getByName("172.16.251.142"), 9300));
        TermQueryBuilder queryBuilder = QueryBuilders.termQuery("name","中国");
        SearchResponse searchResponse = transportClient.prepareSearch("dangdang").setTypes("book").setQuery(queryBuilder).get();
    }
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9.3.7.9、range查询

/**
     *  rang查询
     *     lt    小于
     *     lte   小于等于
     *     gt    大于
     *     gte   大于等于
     */
    @Test
    public void testRange() throws UnknownHostException {
        TransportClient transportClient = new PreBuiltTransportClient(Settings.EMPTY).addTransportAddress(new TransportAddress(InetAddress.getByName("172.16.251.142"), 9300));
        RangeQueryBuilder rangeQueryBuilder = QueryBuilders.rangeQuery("age").lt(45).gte(8);
        SearchResponse searchResponse = transportClient.prepareSearch("dangdang").setTypes("book").setQuery(rangeQueryBuilder).get();
    }
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9.3.7.10、prefix查询

/**
     *  prefix 前缀查询
     *
     */
    @Test
    public void testPrefix() throws UnknownHostException {
        TransportClient transportClient = new PreBuiltTransportClient(Settings.EMPTY).addTransportAddress(new TransportAddress(InetAddress.getByName("172.16.251.142"), 9300));
        PrefixQueryBuilder prefixQueryBuilder = QueryBuilders.prefixQuery("name", "中");
        SearchResponse searchResponse = transportClient.prepareSearch("dangdang").setTypes("book").setQuery(prefixQueryBuilder).get();
    }
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9.3.7.11、wildcard查询

/**
     *  wildcardQuery 通配符查询
     *
     */
    @Test
    public void testwildcardQuery() throws UnknownHostException {
        TransportClient transportClient = new PreBuiltTransportClient(Settings.EMPTY).addTransportAddress(new TransportAddress(InetAddress.getByName("172.16.251.142"), 9300));
        WildcardQueryBuilder wildcardQueryBuilder = QueryBuilders.wildcardQuery("name", "中*");
        SearchResponse searchResponse = transportClient.prepareSearch("dangdang").setTypes("book").setQuery(wildcardQueryBuilder).get();
    }
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9.3.7.12、ids查询

/**
     * ids 查询
     */
    @Test
    public void testIds() throws UnknownHostException {
        TransportClient transportClient = new PreBuiltTransportClient(Settings.EMPTY).addTransportAddress(new TransportAddress(InetAddress.getByName("172.16.251.142"), 9300));
        IdsQueryBuilder idsQueryBuilder = QueryBuilders.idsQuery().addIds("1","2");
        SearchResponse searchResponse = transportClient.prepareSearch("dangdang").setTypes("book").setQuery(idsQueryBuilder).get();
    }
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9.3.7.13、fuzzy查询

/**
     * fuzzy 模糊查询
     */
    @Test
    public void testFuzzy() throws UnknownHostException {
        TransportClient transportClient = new PreBuiltTransportClient(Settings.EMPTY).addTransportAddress(new TransportAddress(InetAddress.getByName("172.16.251.142"), 9300));
        FuzzyQueryBuilder fuzzyQueryBuilder = QueryBuilders.fuzzyQuery("content", "国人");
        SearchResponse searchResponse = transportClient.prepareSearch("dangdang").setTypes("book").setQuery(fuzzyQueryBuilder).get();
    }
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9.3.7.14、bool查询

/**
     * bool 布尔查询
     */
    @Test
    public void testBool() throws UnknownHostException {
        TransportClient transportClient = new PreBuiltTransportClient(Settings.EMPTY).addTransportAddress(new TransportAddress(InetAddress.getByName("172.16.251.142"), 9300));
        BoolQueryBuilder boolQueryBuilder = QueryBuilders.boolQuery();
            boolQueryBuilder.should(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery());
            boolQueryBuilder.mustNot(QueryBuilders.rangeQuery("age").lte(8));
            boolQueryBuilder.must(QueryBuilders.termQuery("name","中国"));
        SearchResponse searchResponse = transportClient.prepareSearch("dangdang").setTypes("book").setQuery(boolQueryBuilder).get();
    }
复制代码

9.3.7.15、高亮查询

/**
     * 高亮查询
     *  .highlighter(highlightBuilder) 用来指定高亮设置
     *  requireFieldMatch(false) 开启多个字段高亮
     *  field 用来定义高亮字段
     *  preTags("<span style='color:red'>")  用来指定高亮前缀
     *  postTags("</span>") 用来指定高亮后缀
     */
    @Test
    public void testHighlight() throws UnknownHostException {
        TransportClient transportClient = new PreBuiltTransportClient(Settings.EMPTY).addTransportAddress(new TransportAddress(InetAddress.getByName("172.16.251.142"), 9300));
        TermQueryBuilder termQueryBuilder = QueryBuilders.termQuery("name", "中国");
        HighlightBuilder highlightBuilder = new HighlightBuilder();
        highlightBuilder.requireFieldMatch(false).field("name").field("content").preTags("<span style='color:red'>").postTags("</span>");
        SearchResponse searchResponse = transportClient.prepareSearch("dangdang").setTypes("book").highlighter(highlightBuilder).highlighter(highlightBuilder).setQuery(termQueryBuilder).get();
        SearchHits hits = searchResponse.getHits();
        System.out.println("符合条件的记录数: "+hits.totalHits);
        for (SearchHit hit : hits) {
            Map<String, Object> sourceAsMap = hit.getSourceAsMap();
            Map<String, HighlightField> highlightFields = hit.getHighlightFields();
            System.out.println("================高亮之前==========");
            for(Map.Entry<String,Object> entry:sourceAsMap.entrySet()){
                System.out.println("key: "+entry.getKey() +"   value: "+entry.getValue());
            }
            System.out.println("================高亮之后==========");
            for (Map.Entry<String,Object> entry:sourceAsMap.entrySet()){
                HighlightField highlightField = highlightFields.get(entry.getKey());
                if (highlightField!=null){
                    System.out.println("key: "+entry.getKey() +"   value: "+ highlightField.fragments()[0]);
                }else{
                    System.out.println("key: "+entry.getKey() +"   value: "+entry.getValue());
                }
            }
        }
    }

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