您可以使用reregular-expression模块查找模式并使用其名称替换每个部门标识符。

from functools import partial
import re

city_departments = """\

Blois et arrondissement (41)
Loiret Ouest (45)
Arrond. de Chartres (28)
Agglomération de Tours (37)
Nord de l’Indre et Loire (37)
Vendôme et arrondissement (41)
Arrond. de Nogent-le-Rotrou (28)
Loiret Est (45)
Lochois (37)
Romorantin et arrondissement (41)

"""

pattern = re.compile(r'(b)(.+?)s((d+))')

Define the department identifier -> name mapping.

DEPT_MAP = {

28: 'Eure-et-Loir',
37: 'Indre-et-Loire',
41: 'Loir-et-Cher',
45: 'Loiret',

}

def replace_city_by_dept(mapping, matchobj):

""" Replace department identifier with its name from the mapping. """

key = int(matchobj.group(3))  # Dept ids are numeric.
return mapping.get(key, matchobj.group(0))

To avoid using global variables, create new partial function with the

department mapping dictionary passed automatically.

dept_replacer = partial(replace_city_by_dept, DEPT_MAP)

print('Before:')
print(city_departments)

city_departments = pattern.sub(dept_replacer, city_departments)

print('After:')
print(city_departments)
输出：

Before:

Blois et arrondissement (41)
Loiret Ouest (45)
Arrond. de Chartres (28)
Agglomération de Tours (37)
Nord de l?Indre et Loire (37)
Vendôme et arrondissement (41)
Arrond. de Nogent-le-Rotrou (28)
Loiret Est (45)
Lochois (37)
Romorantin et arrondissement (41)

After:

Loir-et-Cher
Loiret
Eure-et-Loir
Indre-et-Loire
Indre-et-Loire
Loir-et-Cher
Eure-et-Loir
Loiret
Indre-et-Loire
Loir-et-Cher