本文介绍Route interface里常用字段的使用方法。
https://angular.io/api/router/Route#description
path
Can be a wild card (**) that matches any URL (see Usage Notes below). Default is “/” (the root path).
两个星号：代表任意匹配。
pathMatch
The path-matching strategy, one of ‘prefix’ or ‘full’. Default is ‘prefix’.
By default, the router checks URL elements from the left to see if the URL matches a given path, and stops when there is a match. For example, ‘/team/11/user’ matches ‘team/:id’.
The path-match strategy ‘full’ matches against the entire URL. It is important to do this when redirecting empty-path routes. Otherwise, because an empty path is a prefix of any URL, the router would apply the redirect even when navigating to the redirect destination, creating an endless loop.
默认模式为default，非贪婪匹配。
例子：
const CUSTOM_ROUTES: Routes = [ { path: "/custom/:id", component: RouteDemoComponent } ];
http://localhost:4200/custom/123
可以工作：
http://localhost:4200/custom/123/12
测试结果发现，即使使用默认的pathMatch，也会报错，这一点和Angular文档不符。
component
当path匹配时，该字段指向的Component会被实例化。
The component to instantiate when the path matches. Can be empty if child routes specify components.
outlet
Name of a RouterOutlet object where the component can be placed when the path matches.
canActivate
An array of dependency-injection tokens used to look up CanActivate() handlers, in order to determine if the current user is allowed to activate the component. By default, any user can activate.
data
应用开发人员通过ActivatedRoute接口传入的额外数据。
